Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used as the primary first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, and the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and angiogenesis inhibitors have also been recommended as first-line treatment recently. For hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein tumor thrombus, hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is supported by progressively more evidence in improvement in the overall survival benefit. Based on relevant literatures and combined with clinical practices, the authors investigate the clinical application and development trends of TKIs, ICIs and HAIC in the first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To further understand factors that influence health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC),especially the role of perceived stress and coping modes in Chinese patients with UC.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study.Patients with UC were recruited from July 2013 to September 2014 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.HRQOL was measured using the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ).Perceived stress was measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).Coping strategy was evaluated using Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ).Demographic data,course of the disease,clinical disease activity,and disease phenotype according to Montreal classification were also collected.Univariate analyses were conducted to determine which variables were associated with HRQOL,and those were statistically significant were entered into a multivariate regression model.Results We recruited 214 patients (response rate 92.2％),whose median age was 37.5 (29.0,49.3) years old and median course of UC was 4 (2,9) years.Through univariate analyses,better HRQOL was significantly associated with regular medical visits,lower number of previous relapses and hospitalizations,no steroid use,Montreal E1,lower Mayo scores,clinical remission,less perceived stress and less acceptance strategy use.However,multivariate analyses revealed that perceived stress (OR =1.112,95％ CI 1.058-1.169),acceptance (OR =0.310,95％ CI 0.141-0.685),number of hospitalizations (OR =2.924,95 ％ CI 1.328-6.437) and clinical activity (OR =5.058,95 ％ CI 2.312-11.066) were most strongly related to HRQOL.Conclusions HRQOL of UC patients are not only associated with clinical activity of the disease,but also associated with coping strategy and perceivedstress.Further research needs to focus on whether or not relieving stress and guiding patients to cope with ulcerative colitis would improve HRQOL.

Objective To investigate the effects of different therapeutic strategies on recurrence of postoperative Crohn's disease (CD) patients.Methods From September 2009 to September 2014,85 CD patients with intestinal resection were enrolled.The clinical features and maintenance therapeutic medication were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into non-treatment group (induding continuously or cumulatively taking medicine less than three months),5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) group and immunosuppressant agents group (including azathioprine,methotrexate and thalidomide).Kaplan-Meier method was performed to compare the recurrence rate in postoperative CD with different therapeutic medication and the risk factors of postoperative recurrence were also analyzed.Results Among 85 CD patients,there were 32,21 and 32 patients in non-treatment group,5-ASA group and immunosuppressive agents group,respectively.After surgery,the one year accumulated clinical recurrence rate of immunosuppressant agents group was 12.5％ (4/32),which was significantly lower than that of non-treatment group (56.3％,18/32) and 5-ASA group (38.1％,8/21),and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =12.250,P＜0.01;x2 =4.102,P =0.043).After surgery,the two years accumulated clinical recurrence rate of immunosuppressant agents group was 12.9 ％ (4/31),which was significantly lower than that of non-treatment group (75.9％,22/29) and 5-ASA group (47.6％,10/21),and the differences were statisitcally significant (x2 =17.840,P＜0.01;x2 =6.597,P=0.010).After operation,the one year accumulated endoscopic recurrences rates of non-treatment group,5-ASA group and immunosuppressant agents group were 39.1％ (9/23),5/16 and 34.6％ (9/26),respectively;while the two year accumulated endoscopic recurrence rates were 59.1％ (13/22),6/16 and 44.0％ (11/25),respectively.However,there was no statistically significant difference among the groups (all P＞0.05).Penetrating lesion was an risk factor of postoperative clinical recurrence in CD patients (x2 =4.963,P=0.026,oddsratio (OR) =2.221,95 ％ confidence interval (CI) 1.121 to 5.775).Conclusions Immunosuppressive agents rather than 5-ASA have remarkable effects in preventing postoperative clinical recurrence in CD patients.Postoperative clinical recurrence is more likely to happen in patients with penetrating lesions.

A target molecule affinity-ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MSn) method was established for rapid screening acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors from total alkaloids of fibraurea recisa Pierre.A total of 12 potential inhibitors were screened from Fibraurea recisa Pierre.and 6 compounds were identified including palmatine,berberine,jatrorrhizine,palmatrubine,7,8-dihydro-8-hydroxyberberine and groenlandicine.The AChE inhibitory activity of these 6 compounds was validated in vitro.Palmatine showed the strongest inhibitory activity for AChE,which was stronger than that of donepezil hydrochloride,demonstrating the potential of palmatine as anti-Alzheimer's drug.This method is simple,rapid,and accurate for directly screening active ingredients which can inhibit AChE from complex extract of traditional Chinese medicines.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide (100 to 200mg per day) in the treatment of adult refractory Crohn's disease (CD).Methods From July 2008 to February 2013,29 refractory CD patients were enrolled in thalidomide (100 to 200 mg per day)cohort study.The clinical activity was evaluated by simplified CD activity index.Patients in clinical remission underwent colon endoscope examination,and mucosal healing was assessed by simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD).Adverse reactions (ADR) were also observed.Results Among the 29 CD patients,23 males and six females,the baseline of 19 patients (65.5％) were in clinical active period and 10 in clinical remission period.Among patients with baseline in clinical active period,three patients did not reach the target dose because of ADR,the left 16 patients were treated with thalidomide for one year and 14 patients achieved clinical remission.The median time of inducing clinical remission was one month.A totle of 24 patients with clinical remission induced by thalidomide and with baseline in clinical remission period were assessed in efficacy evaluation of mucosal healing.Thalidomide was withdrawn in three patients in six months because of ADR and colonoscopy evaluation did not complete,while the other 21 patients received colonoscopy evaluation among whom 33.3％ (7/21) achieved mucosal healing after two years of thalidomide treatment.Numbness of the hands,feet or mouth,somnolence and dermatitis were the top three ADR of thalidomide treatment.A total of nine patients withdrew the medication because of ADR (four (13.8％) with numbness of the hands,feet or mouth,four (13.8％) with dermatitis and one (3.4％) with leukopenia).Conclusions Thalidomide 100 to 200 mg per day can induce clinical remission and mucosal healing in refractory CD.However,it has some adverse reactions and close monitoring and follow up are required during treatment.

Objective To document the etiologies of seizures in children admitted to the pediatric observation unit of an inen r city hospital in Chian .Me thods A ot tal of 975 children ( aged 1 month to 18 years old) admitted to the pediatric observation unit of Guangzhou Women adn Children′s Medical Center between October,2013 and October,2014 with seizures were evaluated restrospectively.Results A total of 975 patients were included in this study.The causes of seizures were febrile seizures ( 588 cases,60.3%) , epilepsy( 163 cases, 16.7%) , and benign inaf ntile convulsions associated with mild gasrt oenteritis ( 111 cases,11.4%) .The main causes of seizures for children less than one year old were febrile seizures ( 75 cases,34.1%) and epilepsy(75 cases,34.1%),following by the intracranial infection(22 cases,10.0%). Febrile seizures also predominated the causes of seizures among children between one and six years old(487 cases, 70.3%),whereas benign infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis accounting for 14.0%(97 cases) of all causes.Meanwhile, the leading causes of seizures for children of six years or older were febrile seizures(26 cases,41.9%) and epilepsy(20 cases,32.3%).Conclusion Febrile seizures is the leading cause of seizures among children.Contrast to previous studies,the proportions of epilepsy and benign infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis are increasing,while the proportion of intracranial infection is reducing.Rapid assessment and accurately identifying the etiology play an important role in the management of seizures.

Objective The type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis is gradually being recognized, but the type 2 AIP is still very rare in Asia.This paper summarizes the clinical characters of type-2 AIP patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Methods From January 2001 to December 2016,all type 2 AIP hospitalized patients who met the ICDC were included in the study.The clinical data, laboratory results and imaging features of all patients were recorded, verified and follow-up.Results Six patients with type 2 AIP were included in the study.The ratio of men and women was 2/1, with an average age of 38.4 years.67.7% (4/6) patients have UC.37.7% (2/6) of patients were asymptomatic.Three patients were diagnosed by pathology.50% (3/6) of patients showed mass of pancreas, and 50% (3/6) of patients showed pancreatic enlargement.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of the type 2 AIP patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital are the same as those in foreign countries.

Objective To investigate the predictors of deep remission in patients with Crohn′s disease (CD)treated with infliximab.Methods From February 2008 to February 2015 ,the clinical, laboratory and follow up data of 44 CD patients who received infliximab treatment and maintained clinical remission over six months were retrospectively analyzed.Mucosal healing was defined as no ulcer under endoscopy.Deep remission was defined as clinical remission with mucosal healing.According to results of endoscopy examination,the enrolled patients were divided into deep remission group and non-deep remission group.T test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison of measurement data between groups,and chi square test was performed for the rate comparison.Multivariate analysis was made with Logistic regression.Results Median age of 44 patients was 19.5 yeares,39 males (88.6%),five females (11 .4%),and the median disease duration was 35 .0 months (18.5 to 73.5 months).Deep remission was achieved in 20 CD patients with long-time follow-up (median follow-up time 19 months,12 to 29 months). The mean duration of achieving deep remission was (28.9 ± 14.3 )weeks.There was no statistically significant difference between 20 patients with deep remission and 24 patients without deep remission in age of onset,disease duration,smoking status,Montreal phenotype,concurrent medications (mesalazine, steroids and azathioprine ), as well as body mass index (BMI ) and laboratory tests (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP),hemoglobin (Hb)and platelet (PLT)count)before administrating.The results of Logistic regression demonstrated that extraintestinal manifestations (arthralgia)(odds ratio (OR)=29.9,95 % confidence interval (CI )1 .26 -714.20,P =0.036),normalization of hs CRP at 14 th week after induced remission (OR=0.88,95 %CI 0.78-0.99, P =0.045)and thrombocytopenia (OR = 0.98,95 %CI 0.96 - 0.99,P = 0.016 )were independent predictive factors of deep remission.Conclusions Infliximab could effectively maintain long term deep remission in treatment of CD.Arthralgia,normalization of hsCRP and PLT counts at 14 th week after induced remission are predictive factor of deep remission.

Objective To analyze the discrepancy and similarities of clinical characteristics in elderly patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and ischemic colitis (IC).Methods A total of 43 elderly patients (age≥60 yrs) with UC and 36 elderly patients with IC were enrolled from 2004 to 2015 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital.The clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results Compared with IC group,the disease course was longer with lower incidence of cardiovascular comorbidities in UC patients (P ＜ 0.05).In UC group,more patients presented with diarrhea,mucopurulent bloody stool [39 (90.7％) vs 16 (44.4％) and 34 (79.1％) vs 2 (5.6％)respectively,both P ＜ 0.01].Yet bloody stool as the only symptom was seen in more IC patients than UC patients [61.1％ (22/36) vs 7.0％ (3/43),P ＜ 0.01].The ratio of extra-intestinal manifestations was higher [18.6％ (8/43) vs 0 (0/36)] in UC patients,while complications were lower [11.6％ (5/43) vs 30.6％ (11/36),P ＜ 0.05].As to the laboratory parameters,median platelet count [(294.38 ± 104.83) × 109/L vs (235.47±94.82) × 109/L,P ＜0.05] was higher in UC group.In addition,more patients with UC had positive perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA) [50.0％ (15/30) vs 10.0％ (2/20),P ＜ 0.05].The most commonly involved regions of IC were descending colon and sigmoid colon,in which the lesions were clearly demarcated with the normal mucosa.Lesions in patients with UC mainly originated from rectum and might spread to the whole colon.Vascular occlusion and micro thrombosis were characteristic pathological findings of IC.The crypt abscesses were frequently seen in the UC group.Conclusion Even though UC and IC have some similar manifestations in the elderly patients,clinical and pathological discrepancy is still helpful to differentiate each other.

Objective To clarify the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine A CsA) as salvage therapy in patients with severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) and refractory to steroids.Methods A total of 24 severe active UC patients refractory to steroids and hospitalized from 2006 to 2012,were retrospectively enrolled.Data including demographic features,clinical manifestations,laboratory tests and medications were collected.Results CsA was effective in 15 (62.5％) patients,who did not receive colectomy during 12-week administration.This regimen was tolerable in most patients.Twelve (50.0％) patients reported 16 adverse events,but only one patient withdrew CsA due to intolerance.The rates of adverse events in initial intravenous CsA including 4 mg · kg-1 · d-1,3 mg · kg-1 · d-1 and 2 mg· kg-1 · d-1 were 2/2,9/17 and 1/5 respectively.Responders had higher white blood cell count compared with non-responders (P =0.045).Conclusions CsA could be an effective alternative regimen to colectomy in severe active UC patients who are refractory to steroids.