A new solid-phase BA-ELISA-spot assay is described for detection and enumera-tion of antigen specific antibody secreting cells.Spleen cells from immunized mice areincubated in plstic wells precoated with specific an tigen.After removal of the cells,immobilized antibodies at the point of release from single cell are demonstrated bymeans of an immunenzyme procedure in which.enzyme-substrate(HRP-TMB)reactionsare performed.Blue spots are thus produced and counted with naked eye.

For the characteristics including minimal invasion,low incidence of complication and better postoperative prognosis,endoscopic therapy is widely accepted to be the first line therapy for most biliary strictures.At present,repeated progressive dilation combined with multiple plastic stents placement is the main therapy for benign biliary strictures.The long-term effective rate is relatively high in surgery related strictures,but in the non-surgery related strictures,its long-term effective rate is limited and the optimal therapy should be chosen cautiously according to patients' condition.In malignent biliary stricutes,dilation combined with metallic stents placement is recommended to treat both of preoperative long-term drainage in patients with resectable tumor and palliative treatment in patients with unresectable tumor,while nosobiliary drainage is recommended in preoperative short-term drainage. The choice of unilateral or bilateral drainage depends on patients' conditons in malignent hilar biliary strictures.The merits and demerits of stents should be mastered before they are placed in stricture sections.Recently,a lot of new endoscopic technologies and methods are applied in clinical practice,but their curative effect should be tested.Therefore,accumulative evidence-based data are needed to make them more rational and more standard.

This paper presents the knowledge on fixing the heartbeat machine to the patients in such aspects as fixing,testing,using,notice in fixing,etc.

In the process of teaching southern Asia students in medical biochemistry,teaching mode has been actively explored.Sufficient preparation before class,applying nimble teaching style,emphasis on communication with foreign students and searching for effective review and examination system will receive the satisfactory results.

Objective To explore different features and influencing factors of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated hemoglobin Ale (HbAlc) levels in subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes and prediabetes of natural history of type 2 diabetes. Methods All subjects were classified by OGTT into four groups: (1) normal glucose test (NGT), 31 subjects at age of (48. 4±15. 3) yrs (29-75 years old); (2) impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 33 subjects at age of (50. 8±9. 8) yrs (38-72years old) ; (3) impaired glucose tolerance test (IGT), 34 subjects at age of (54. 5±11.4) yrs (33-74years old), (4) T2DM, 117 subjects at age of (54.3 ± 14.1) yrs (29-75 years old). Glucose metabolism was evaluated by results of OGTT and HbAlc levels. The insulin secretion function and insulin resistance (IR) were evaluated by HOMA-β, △I30/△G330, area under curve of insulin (AUCINS)and HOMA-IR respectively. Results (1) Significant changes of HbAlc values among groups were as following order: T2DM(7. 41%)>IGT(5. 85%)>NGT(5.21%) (P<0. 01). HOMA-β value in T2DM, IGT and IFG decreased by 53. 1% (P<0. 01), 29.3% (P<0. 01) and 23.4% (P<0. 05)respectively as compared with NGT group. HOMA-IR value in diabetes group was 1.66-fold of NGT (P<0.01), 1. 29-fold of IFG (P<0.001) and 1.44-fold of IGT (P<0.05). (2) Only 3 h blood glucose concentration (BG) in 75 g OGTT was independently and positively correlated with HbAlc level (r=0. 71, P<0. 01). △I30/△G330 ratio was independently and negatively correlated with both 1 h and 2 h BG of OGTT (P<0.01). AUCins was positively correlated with only 3 h BG of OGTT (P<0.01). HOMA-β was independently and negatively correlated with all OGTT results except 2 h BG(P<0.01). HOMA-IR was an independently and negatively correlative factor of all OGTT results (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). TG level was independently and positively correlated to only fasting BG (P<0. 05), and waist circumference value had an independent and positive relationship with only 1/2h BG (P<0. 01). Independently correlative factors of OGTT changes included △I30/△G330, AUCINS,HOMA-β, HOMA-IR and circumference values. Only 3 h BG was probably an independent contributor to HbAlc variation. Conclusions There are obvious HbAlc differences among T2DM,IGT and NGT patients. When HbAlc values are over 8%, no significant changes of glucose and insulin levels at 75 g glucose load test are found among subjects.

Objective To study miRNA expression differences in ovalbumin(OVA)- induced murine asthma models of mice and mast cells stimulated by inflammatory cytokines stimulation,and to better understand asthma deve-lopment so as to provide potential target for its prevention and treatment. Methods OVA - induced murine asthma models were validated by detecting cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and histopathology. And miRNA ex-pression differences in the lung tissues between the model group and the normal control group were detected by real -time polymerose chain reaction PCR . After tumor necrosis factor - α(TNF - α),interleukin 12(IL - 12)stimulation, miRNA expression differences in murine mast cells P815 were detected. Results The number of total cells and eosino-phil cells both increased in BALF of the model group[(12. 8 ± 2. 2)x 107 / L vs(5. 6 ± 2. 5)x 107 / L,t = 4. 760,P ﹤0. 05;(6. 6 ± 1. 9)x 107 / L vs(0. 8 ± 0. 8)x 107 / L,t = 8. 068,P ﹤ 0. 05]. In addition,histopathology showed more inflammatory cell infiltration in the model group than that in the normal control group,indicating that the models were validated. The expression of miRNA - 155 was up - regulated approximately 5. 0 - fold in the lung tissues of the model group(P ﹤ 0. 05),while miRNA - 192 showed no differences compared with the controls. After TNF - α and IL - 12 stimulated P815 mast cells,miRNA - 192 expressions in P815 were expression in P815 was up - regulated approximate-ly 1. 9 - fold and 1. 7 - fold after TNF - α and IL - 12 stimulation,respectively(P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions It is conclu-ded that miRNAs are differentially expressed in the presence of OVA - induced murint asthma models and mast cells stimulated by inflammatory cytokines. These differentially expressed miRNAs may regulate the function of mast cells and involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Objective To discuss the etiology and clinical characteristics of human rhinovirus (HRV) as pathogen of central nervous system infection .Methods Two hundred and five cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from children with fever and convulsions who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with suspicion of central nervous system infection from June 2011 to December 2012 .Genome Lab Genetic Analysis System (GeXP) was applied to detect HRV from CSF .Specimens with positive results were amplified by nested reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and followed by gene sequencing . Clinical data of HRV positive cases were analyzed . Results Of the 205 CSF specimens ,7 samples were positive for HRV ,which were composed of 2 HRV‐A ,1 HRV‐B and 4 HRV‐C (including 1 HRV‐Ca) .There were 6 boys and 1 girl among the 7 positive cases for HRV .Six children were less than 3 years old ,except one was 9 years old .The onset time was mainly concentrated between September and October . The main clinical manifestations were fever and convulsions . The clinical diagnosis before the pathogen confirmation included viral encephalitis ,epilepsy ,febrile convulsion ,benign infantile convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG ) and hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease ( HFMD ) . Although the disease severity of the 7 cases varied ,all ended with favorable prognosis .Conclusions HRV is one of pathogens of viral central nervous system infection .All types of HRV can cause central nervous system infection ,among which HRV‐C accounts for the majority .The clinical manifestations of HRV central nervous system infection could mimic febrile convulsion ,CwG and HFMD .

Background and purpose: With the application of laparoscopy in the liver surgery increasingly widely used, the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic liver resection is gaining recognition gradually. This study aimed to explore the laparoscopic liver resection for the tumor and the feasibility of open liver tumor resection and clinical curative effect. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the clinical data from 37 cases of laparoscopic hepatectomy and 74 patients with open liver resection from Mar. 2015 to Mar. 2016. Measurement data by covariance analysis were obtained, and comparison between groups were made using independent sample with Wilcoxon rank test and statistical value of Z. We collected data including operation time, intra-operative blood loss, post-operative recovery time of gastrointestinal tract, surgical drainage tube after extubation time, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, hospitalization expenses and other clinical data. Laparoscopic group had 20 males and 17 female aged 18 to 76 (median age 55). Open group had 42 males and 32 females aged 26 to 74 (median age 54). The hepatectomy included ultrasonic knife + unipolar electric coagulation, combined with laparoscopic incision suture. Surgery procedures included 13 cases of local excision in laparoscopic group and 24 cases of liver segment or lobe anatomical resection. Open group had 33 cases of local excision and 41 cases of liver segment or lobe anatomical resection. Results: The average duration of laparoscopic hepatectomy was 149 min (40-204 min). The average duration of open hepatectomy was 142 min (45-190 min). The average intra-operative blood loss was 220 mL (30-570 mL) in laparoscopic group and 360 mL (90-970 mL) in open group. The average length of hospital stay was 4.9 d (3-6 d) in laparoscopic group and 6.8 d (5-9 d) in open group. Gastrointestinal average recovery time was 1.1 days in laparoscopic group and 2.3 days in open group. The average hospitalization expenses were 38760 yuan in laparoscopic group and 39145 yuan in open group. Conclusion:Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a safe, effective and minimally invasive surgery, can be safely used in local, liver segment and half liver resection, worthy of promotion.

Tumor associated macrophage (TAM), as the main type of immune cells in tumor microenvironment, becomes an active participant in the development of breast cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) can regulate post-transcriptional gene expression, modulation of macrophage function by affecting its polarization typing and transformation, and ultimately contribute to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. It could provide a new diagnosis and clinical treatment strategy for the treatment of breast cancer by summarizing the mechanisms of miRNA in the polarization of TAM.

Objective To observe the effects of X-blance therapy with uninjured side ear acupoint press in hospitalized patients with unilateral radicular sciatica. Methods A total of 73 patients were randomly divided into experimental group (37 cases) and control group (36 cases) according to the sequence of hospitalization. Both groups were given the conventional treatment and nursing care. Besides of this, the experimental group received X-blance therapy with uninjured side ear acupoint Press. Visual analogue scale ( VAS) and Chinese version of oswestry disability index ( CODI ) were compared between the two groups before and after the treatment. Results The VAS, CODI and the 3 coarse scores of every demension of CODI ( pain, single function and comprehensive function) were respectively (2. 53 ± 2. 37), (19. 63 ± 12. 37), (1. 83 ± 1. 69), (3. 78 ± 3. 24), (3. 22 ± 2. 13) in the experimental group after 3 weeks intervention, and (3. 70 ± 2. 59), (27. 93 ± 15. 88), (2. 70 ± 1. 93), (5. 46 ± 3. 63), (4. 41 ± 2. 76) in the control group, with statistically significant difference (t= -2. 009,-2. 39,-2. 042,-2. 084,-2. 046, respectiuely;P<0. 05). Conclusions X-blance therapy with uninjured side ear acupoint press can effectively reduce pain and improve disability of the patients with radicular sciatica.