OBJECTIVE To investigate the relevant factors and drug sensitivity of Candida in nosocomial infection from a class A comprehensive hospital in Hangzhou in order to prevent and control nosocomial infection.METHODS We collected and identified clinic samples from inpatients during from Jan 2004 to Dec 2006 and drug resistance test was performed for Candida strains.The CHROMagar candida color medium and the Analytic Products Inc(API)20CAUX identification system were used to isolate and identify Candida strains from inpatients.The Etest was used to study the antifungal sensitivity.The data were analyzed by WHONET-5 software and were determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute(CLSI)method.RESULTS Totally 264 strains of Candida were detected in the three years.The detection ratio in each year was 78 strains(29.5%),87 strains(32.9%),and 99 strains(37.5%),respectively.The C.albicans was the most commonly isolated species(65.5%)and then was C.tropicalis(15.1%)in all Candida species.The detection ratio was the highest in sputum samples(108 strains,40.9%)and the patients with respiratory tract infection(58 strains,22%).The results of antifungal drug sensitivity test showed that Candida were the most susceptive to amphotericin B,followed by fluconazole.The results of change showed that Candida remained stable susceptive to amphotericin B,but susceptive ratio to fluconazole was descent in the three years.CONCLUSIONS Candida in nosocomial infection are an increasing tendency and C.albicans is the commonest.Sensitivity of Candida to various antifungal drugs is different and there is a developing change in susceptive ratio to antifungal drugs.Strengthening supervising relevant factors and improving the immunity of organism are the main measures to prevent Candida in nosocomial infection.Antifungal drug should be used reasonably based on drug sensitive test.

With specific physical characters,proton for postoperative breast cancer can improve dose homogeneity,lower dose to crucial organs such as the heart,lung and the opposite breast,and reduce the complications of normal tissues and incidence of the second primary tumor proton accelerated radiation for partial breast cancer can reduce therapy time,but its long time effect needs great patients and long time follow-up to beproved.

In recent years,scientific research of our hospital has achieved remarkable progress with the implementation of discipline-centered ideology,personnel training strategy and adequate incentive policy.The paper briefly introduces the achievements in scientific research and the measures adopted,and analyzed the key factors associated with science research management.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cancer cells in the tumor,which possess the exclusive ability to proliferate indefmitely and multiple differentiation.These tumor cells play a crucial role in the maintenance of malignant proliferation,drug resistance,metastasis and recurrence.Majority of ocular malignancies have the properties of high recurrence,metastasis and poor prognosis.Recently,CSCs was found to exist in the ocular malignancies,also might be involved in the tumor initiation and progression.This article reviews the research progress on CSCs in ocular malignancy.

Objective To compare the bone status between Shanghai and Caucasian infants at birth by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and evaluate its clinical application. Methods An ultrasound bone sonometer, Omnisense (Sunlight Medical Ltd, Israel), was used to measure the bone speed of sound (SOS) of tibia in 157 Shanghai infants, and then compared with those of Caucasian. Results No significant difference of SOS was found between male [n=88, (2968?115) m/s] and female infants [n = 69, (2956?105) m/s](P=0. 524). The SOS of premature infants [(2935?96) m/s] was lower than that of full-term infants [2984?116) m/s] (P = 0. 005). Comparing with Caucasian infants, the tibial SOS was lower in Shanghai infants. The differences of SOS, which were defined as Z-Score, in Shanghai infants were more remarkable in female infants (-0. 81?0.92 Z-Score) than that of male (-0. 55?0. 97 Z-Score), and in full-term infants ( -0. 80?1. 03 Z-Score)than in premature infants (-0. 50?0. 83 Z-Score) , and in infants with normal birth weight than in infants with lower birth weight. Conclusions QUS is suitable for evaluating bone status in infants. Shanghai infants have lower bone strength than Caucasian's and the difference becomes more significant in the last trimester.

To study the effects of the extract of fungal elicitor, AgNO3, MeJA and yeast on the growth and content of secondary metabolites of adventitious roots in Tripterygium wilfordii. The above elicitors were supplemented to the medium, the growth and the content of secondary metabolites were measured. When the medium was supplemented with the elicitor Glomerella cingulata or Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, the content of triptolide was increased by 2.24 and 1.93-fold, the alkaloids content was increased by 2.02 and 2.07-fold, respectively. The optimal concentration of G. cingulata was 50 μg/mL for accumulation of triptolide, alkaloids and for the growth of adventitious roots. AgNO3 inhibited the growth of adventitious roots and the accumulation of the alkaloids, whereas it (at 25 μmol/L) increased the accumulation of triptolide by 1.71-fold compared to the control. The growth of adventitious roots, the contents of triptolide and alkaloids were increased 1.04, 1.64 and 2.12-folds, respectively when MeJA was at 50 μmol/L. When the concentration of yeast reached 2 g/L, the content of triptolide increased 1.48-folds. This research demonstrated that supplementation of AgNO3 and yeast enhanced the biosynthesis of triptolide in adventitious roots and the synergism of G. cingulata and MeJA could promote the biosynthesis of both triptolide and alkaloids.
Acetates ; pharmacology ; Alkaloids ; biosynthesis ; Colletotrichum ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacology ; Diterpenes ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Epoxy Compounds ; metabolism ; Oxylipins ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrenes ; metabolism ; Phyllachorales ; Plant Roots ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Secondary Metabolism ; Tripterygium ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism

Objective To discuss the lung protective effect of Shenfu injection on the legs' ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Sixty patients (6 males, 24 females, ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ)with unilateral lower limb surgery, were randomly divided into Shenfu injection group (group SF, n=32) and control group (group C, n=28).All patients were treated by combined spinal epidural anesthesia, with the same dose of local anesthetic (0.75% bupivacaine 1.5 ml and the same pressure (300mm Hg) of tourniquet.Patients in group SF were given intravenous infusion of Shenfu injection with the dose of 1 ml/kg (added in normal saline 100 ml) 30 min before apply tourniquet and 1 ml/kg (added in nomal saline 50 ml) 5 min before tourniquet deflation.Patients in group C were injected with equal dose of compound sodium lactate at the same time.Recorded the hemodynamic changes before apply tourniquet (T0) and 5 min (T1), 15 min (T2) and 30 min (T3) after tourniquet deflation.Took venous blood to determine concentrations of plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and malondialdehyde (MDA).Results Compared with T0, MAP in the two groups were significcantly lower at T1-T3 (P＜0.05).MAP in group SF at T2 and T3 were higher than those in group C (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in HR between the two groups.TXB2 and MDA in group SF at T2 and T3 were significantly lower than those in group C (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion Shenfu injection with antioxidation has a protective effect on lower limb ischemia-reperfusion lung injury induced by tourniquet.

(1) This is an observation of the posterior parietal, gyrus angularis and posterior temporal arteries of the middle cerebral artery in 100 cerebral hemispheres of chinese adult. Of these arteries, the site of appearance, length, number of branches and their direction are observed, inner and outer diameters of the vessels and thickness of the vessel wall are also measured respectively.(2) Both posterior parietal and gyrus angularis arteries appear at the terminal end of lateral cerebral sulcus, the posterior temporal artery appears at the middle part of the lateral cerebral sulcus (58?4.94%) or at the terminal end (42?4.94%). Most of these arteries measure 1～3 cm in length.(3) Most of these arteries remain as a single stem, some of them branch into two and only a few of them branch into three.(4) The average outer diameter of the above-mentioned arteries is 1.11～1.25 mm, the average inner diameter is 0.93～1.03 mm, and the average thickness of their vessel wall is 0.09～0.10 mm.

Objective To investigate the kinetics of absorbing timosaponin by AB-8 resin.Methods Static absorption experiment,dynamic absorption experiment and series dynamic absorption experiment were carried out,and then the content of timosaponin was detected by spectrophotometry.Finally,the static absorption curve and the dynamic absorption curve were figured out.Results The result of static absorption experiment showed that the parameters of Lagergren equation are Kad=0.0186,r=0.9986,and the parameters of Dumwals-Wagner are K=0.0081,r=0.9958.In dynamic absorption experiment,the leaking of timosaponin is found and the penetrating point is at 600mL(0.1g/mL).Conclusion The mechanism of AB-8 resin absorbing timosaponin is characterized as liquid membrane diffusion at the early phase and intragranular diffusion at the later phase.Leaking phenomena in dynamic absorption experiment can be solved by three tubes in series.Therefore,this method can be used for the research of Chinese herbal medicine.

This paper presents the knowledge on fixing the heartbeat machine to the patients in such aspects as fixing,testing,using,notice in fixing,etc.