ObjectiveTo investigate environmental factors of the relapse of alcohol dependence.MethodsOne hundred and seventeen in-patients with alcohol dependence were assessed with a home-designed questionnaire,Family Environment Scale Chinese Version (FES-CV),Clinic Institute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Scale Chinese Version(CIWA-Ar) and the Scale of Personality Change Post-Traumatic Brain Injury(SPCPTBI).One hundred and five patients reassessed with alcohol dependence syndrome diagnostic criteria 1 year after hospitalization.t -test,chi-square and logistic regression were used for analysis.Results 57 of 105 were relapse and 48 of them were not relapse.The results showed that relapse group had a higher divorce or separated or remarried rate (21/36) than the no-relapse one (7/41 ) ( chi-square =6.60,P =0.010) ; a less number of years of education (5.2 ± 1.8 vs 7.2 ± 1.7,t =5.64,P =0.000) ; a bigger daily drinking ( (512 ± 186) ml vs (396 ± 109) ml,t =3.93,P =0.000) ; a higher drinking frequency in relapse group ( (2.6 ± 0.9 ) vs ( 1.8 ± 0.6) times,t =5.38,P=0.000) ;a higher rates in personality change(47/57 vs 15/48 ),brain damages (27/57 vs 13/48 ) and mood disorders (35/57 vs 17/48 ),They also showed that relapse group had more problems on intimate degree (5.66 ±1.40 vs 6.20 ± 1.20),emotional expression (4.59 ± 1.54 vs 5.41 ± 1.26,independence (3.61 ± 1.29 vs 4.64± 1.49),organization (4.26 ± 1.56 vs 5.22 ± 1.18 ),and self-controlling (4.21 ± 1.43 vs 5.12 ± 1.12 ),the differences were significant (P＜0.05) ;a higher contradiction score(4.35 ± 1.73 vs 3.64 ± 1.22,t =2.42,P =0.017).Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of daily drinking,intelligent damaged,emotional problems,arid dependence were the risk factors for the alcoholic relapse ( OR =7.44,3.99,3.92,2.96) ;Self-controlling was the protective factors for the alcoholic relapse ( OR =0.19).ConclusionProblem marital status,less education,and heavy drinking,and the number of drinking times,personality change,intellectual impairment and mood change,and poor family environment were the risk factors for the relapse of alcohol dependence.

To study the effects of the extract of fungal elicitor, AgNO3, MeJA and yeast on the growth and content of secondary metabolites of adventitious roots in Tripterygium wilfordii. The above elicitors were supplemented to the medium, the growth and the content of secondary metabolites were measured. When the medium was supplemented with the elicitor Glomerella cingulata or Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, the content of triptolide was increased by 2.24 and 1.93-fold, the alkaloids content was increased by 2.02 and 2.07-fold, respectively. The optimal concentration of G. cingulata was 50 μg/mL for accumulation of triptolide, alkaloids and for the growth of adventitious roots. AgNO3 inhibited the growth of adventitious roots and the accumulation of the alkaloids, whereas it (at 25 μmol/L) increased the accumulation of triptolide by 1.71-fold compared to the control. The growth of adventitious roots, the contents of triptolide and alkaloids were increased 1.04, 1.64 and 2.12-folds, respectively when MeJA was at 50 μmol/L. When the concentration of yeast reached 2 g/L, the content of triptolide increased 1.48-folds. This research demonstrated that supplementation of AgNO3 and yeast enhanced the biosynthesis of triptolide in adventitious roots and the synergism of G. cingulata and MeJA could promote the biosynthesis of both triptolide and alkaloids.
Acetates ; pharmacology ; Alkaloids ; biosynthesis ; Colletotrichum ; Cyclopentanes ; pharmacology ; Diterpenes ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Epoxy Compounds ; metabolism ; Oxylipins ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrenes ; metabolism ; Phyllachorales ; Plant Roots ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Secondary Metabolism ; Tripterygium ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism

Objective To explore the correlation factors of hyperuricemia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods Two hundred and fifty-six inpatients with T2DM were divided into elderly(n=168)and non-elderly(n=88)groups. Another 37 elderly non-DM cases were as control. The parameters of serum uric acid and creatinine, urinary uric acid, pH and creatinine, clearance rates of uric acid and creatinine(Ccr)were determined and compared among 3 groups. Results The elderly T2DM group had higher level of serum uric acid than did non-elderly T2DM and control groups(all P

Objective To investigate the lymph node micrometastasis and its clinicopathologic features on 5-year disease free survival rate for patients with pT1-3N0 gastric cancer.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with stage pT1-3N0 gastric tumors were included,and 2 106 lymph nodes were harvested and examined in all the specimens.There were 9-28 lymph nodes with average 18 lymph nodes from each patient.All the lymph nodes were negative by HE staining.The CK20 expression of lymph nodes was tested by immunohistochemistry.The relationships between clinicopathologic features or CK positive expression and 5-year disease free survival were analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of CK20 was 9.07%(191/2 106)in lymph nodes and 26.67%(32/120)in patients with pT1-3N0 gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry.Eleven cases were with micriometastasis,21 cases were isolated tumor cells(ITC).The average postoperative follow-up was 66.35(range 24-121)months.Five-year disease free survival rates were 87.4%,78.3%,and 40.9% for the lymph node negative,ITC,and micrometastasis groups,respectively.Five-year disease free survival rate in the micrometastasis group was lower than that in the lymph node negative group(P=0.000)and ITC group(P=0.046).However,there was no significant difference between the lymph node negative group and ITC group(P=0.253).Multivariate analysis identified tumor diameter(P=0.011),depth of tumor invasion(P=0.043),and lymphatic vessel invasion(P=0.002)were related with CK20 positive expression.There was no significant relationship between the pathologic parameters and the 5-year disease free survival rates.Lymph node micrometastasis of gastric cancer was detected in 11 patients who should belong to stage pN1(Mi),the restage rate was 9.17%.While the lymph node negative(88 patients)and ITC(21 patients)were recorded pN0(i-)and pN0(i+),respectively,and were not recommended restage(stage pN0).Conclusion Patients with stage pT1-3N0 gastric cancer and micrometastasis in lymph node are with high-risk and low 5-year disease free survival rate,for whom adjuvant therapies may be justified and effective.

In the process of teaching southern Asia students in medical biochemistry,teaching mode has been actively explored.Sufficient preparation before class,applying nimble teaching style,emphasis on communication with foreign students and searching for effective review and examination system will receive the satisfactory results.

Objective:To study performed of develop a mice model of allergic diseases induced by crude extractings from populus pollen.Methods: A total of 60 BALB/c mice were divided randomly into there groups:normal control group,Albumin Egg(OVA) group and populus pollen model group with 20 in each.Mices were repeatedly sensitized by intraperitoneal injections of OVA or crude populus pollen extract every 5 d for four doses.Five days after the last sensitization,mices were repeatedly challenged by once daily antigen from 21-25 d.The changes of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin(HE) to evaluate the degree of allergic inflammation.PAS staining was used to observe the secretion of airway mucus;The changes of the nasal mucosas and lungs of mice were stained with HE to evaluate the degree of allergic inflammation.And the average optical density of IL-4 and IFN-γ positive cells in lung tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry.The total IgE in the serum was also measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA).Results: Compared with the mice in normal control group,those in OVA group and model group developed obvious allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosas and lungs,and increased airway mucus secretion.The number of inflammatory cells including eosinophil and neutrophils markedly increased in BALF smear.The average optical density of IL-4 positive cells in lung tissue was all increased in OVA group and model group compared with those in normal control group,and the average optical density of IFN-γ in lung tissue was on the contrary.The total IgE in the serum were all increased in OVA group and model group compared with those in normal control group,and the IFN-γ in the serum was significantly reduced in OVA group and model group compared with those in normal control group.Conclusion: Taken together,crude populus pollen extract can successfully induce a mice model of allergic diseases.This model is a useful tool in studying the mechanisms of allergic disease.

Objective Detecting antibodies against RBCs,platelets,lymphocytes,and neutrophils by a solid-phase antibodies screening system.Methods mono-layer blood cell immobilized in the bottom of U-microplate respectively to prepare the solid-phase antibody screening system.Then detecting the antibodies exist or not in 2 150 random blood donor and 440transfusion patients' samples.Analyze the influence of antibodies against blood cells to the transfusion effect.Results 53RBC antibodies,22 platelet antibodies,13 lymphocyte antibodies,55 neutrophil antibodies were detected in random blood donor samples;31 RBC antibodies,38 platelet antibodies,24 lymphocyte antibodies,43 neutrophil antibodies and 115 mixed (two or more antibodies against RBC,platelets,lymphocytes or neutrophils exist at the same time) were detected in transfusion patients' samples after detection.233 suspected adverse reaction happened after transfusion,which antibodies were detected in 133 samples.Conclusion The antibodies against blood cells solid-phase screening system can applied in pre-and post-transfusion detection.The solid-phase screening method is more sensitivity than serologic tube test and flow cytometry.Existing of antibodies influence the transfusion effect.

Objective To explore different features and influencing factors of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated hemoglobin Ale (HbAlc) levels in subjects with newly diagnosed diabetes and prediabetes of natural history of type 2 diabetes. Methods All subjects were classified by OGTT into four groups: (1) normal glucose test (NGT), 31 subjects at age of (48. 4±15. 3) yrs (29-75 years old); (2) impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 33 subjects at age of (50. 8±9. 8) yrs (38-72years old) ; (3) impaired glucose tolerance test (IGT), 34 subjects at age of (54. 5±11.4) yrs (33-74years old), (4) T2DM, 117 subjects at age of (54.3 ± 14.1) yrs (29-75 years old). Glucose metabolism was evaluated by results of OGTT and HbAlc levels. The insulin secretion function and insulin resistance (IR) were evaluated by HOMA-β, △I30/△G330, area under curve of insulin (AUCINS)and HOMA-IR respectively. Results (1) Significant changes of HbAlc values among groups were as following order: T2DM(7. 41%)>IGT(5. 85%)>NGT(5.21%) (P<0. 01). HOMA-β value in T2DM, IGT and IFG decreased by 53. 1% (P<0. 01), 29.3% (P<0. 01) and 23.4% (P<0. 05)respectively as compared with NGT group. HOMA-IR value in diabetes group was 1.66-fold of NGT (P<0.01), 1. 29-fold of IFG (P<0.001) and 1.44-fold of IGT (P<0.05). (2) Only 3 h blood glucose concentration (BG) in 75 g OGTT was independently and positively correlated with HbAlc level (r=0. 71, P<0. 01). △I30/△G330 ratio was independently and negatively correlated with both 1 h and 2 h BG of OGTT (P<0.01). AUCins was positively correlated with only 3 h BG of OGTT (P<0.01). HOMA-β was independently and negatively correlated with all OGTT results except 2 h BG(P<0.01). HOMA-IR was an independently and negatively correlative factor of all OGTT results (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). TG level was independently and positively correlated to only fasting BG (P<0. 05), and waist circumference value had an independent and positive relationship with only 1/2h BG (P<0. 01). Independently correlative factors of OGTT changes included △I30/△G330, AUCINS,HOMA-β, HOMA-IR and circumference values. Only 3 h BG was probably an independent contributor to HbAlc variation. Conclusions There are obvious HbAlc differences among T2DM,IGT and NGT patients. When HbAlc values are over 8%, no significant changes of glucose and insulin levels at 75 g glucose load test are found among subjects.

Objective To systematically explore students'perception of roles of clinical tutors and to identify different types of perception, so as to provide suggestions to promote the implementation of clinical tutorial system. Methods The study used Q-methodology, which was a combination of qualitative and quantitative research method. Through semi-structured interviews with 13 students, a Q discussion of 48 entries was formed. Forty undergraduate students majored in nursing who had participated in clinical tutorial system at least one year were asked to rank 48 statements according to their relative importance. Results Undergraduate nursing students′ cognition on the role of clinical tutors could be divided into four types. Type 1 "Lighthouse", types 2 "alienation", type 3 "help", type 4"experience type". There were differences and similarities between these types. They were in favor of clinical instructors in their professional specialty, also believed that the relationship between how to coordinate with the doctor,a clinical instructor did not give guidance. Conclusions There are four types of the cognition on clinical tutor role. The students generally accepted the role of clinical tutors. The degree of cognition are different.