As a potent collagenase activator,ocriplasmin is a recombinant truncated form of serine protease that retains the protease activity of plasmin.Pre-clinical animal experiments,clinical trials and recent clinical studies all indicated a promising outcome of intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin to treat vitreomacular interface diseases,including vitreomacular adhesion (VMA),vitreomacular traction (VMT) and full-thickness macular hole.Ocriplasmin was approved by the Food and Drug Administration of USA in the management of symptomatic VMA,and by the European Medicines Agency in treating VMT-associated macular hole with less than or equal 400 pm.Further randomized controlled clinical trials are needed for further comprehensive observation and evaluation on its efficiency,safety and other noteworthy issues.

In recent years, modern tissue engineering is becoming emerging and developing rapidly, and the acquisition, cultivation and differentiation of seed cells is the premise and foundation of the construction of tissue engineering, so more and more scholars pay attention to stem cells as seed cells for tissue engineering construction. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) is a kind of adult stem cells derived from dental pulp, and as a new kind of seed cells of tissue engineering, the study of DPSCs presents important significance in tissue and organ regeneration. In this review, we introduced the progress of studies on dental pulp stem cells and discussed their clinical application prospects.
Adult ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Dental Pulp ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Regeneration ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

Abstract Human adenovirus (HAdV), which is characterized by infectivity, complex pathogenesis and multiple target organs, causes multiple organ infections in the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system and eyes, which seriously endangers human health. Various subspecies of HAdV has different tissue tropism, which presents diverse clinical symptoms and epidemiological characteristics. Based on the molecule biological characteristics of HAdV, this review summarizes the clinical symptoms and epidemiological characteristics of HAdV infections depending on tissue tropism, and describes the trends in HAdV epidemiology, so as to provide insights into prevention and control of HAdV infections.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has indicated that both insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the effect on biological characteristics of human dental papilla mesenchymal cells (hDPMCs) still remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To research the effect of IGF-Ⅰ and bFGF on the proliferation and differentiation of hDPMCs.METHODS: hDPMCs were isolated and cultured in DMEM/F12 culture media containing 1% or 10% fetal bovine serum. The fourth-passaged hDPMCs were incubated in culture media containing 0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/L bFGF and 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/L IGF-Ⅰ(0 μg/L as control group), respectively. At 96 hours after culture, proliferative activity was measured with MTT assay. The corresponding growth factor culture media were used in 10 μg/L bFGF group, 100 μg/L IGF-Ⅰgroup, bFGF + IGF-Ⅰ group, and control group, respectively. At days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after culture, the proliferative activity was detected using MTT assay, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured using modified enzyme kinetics method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the 0-100 μg/L mass concentration scope, both bFGF and IGF-Ⅰcould accelerate proliferation of hDPMCs, and the proliferation ability of bFGF was superior to that of IGF-Ⅰ; moreover, the combination of bFGF and IGF-Ⅰcaused a synergetic action to proliferation of hDPMCs. The maximal valid concentration of bFGF was 10 μg/L, and the maximal action concentration of IGF-Ⅰwas 100 μg/L. At 0-7 days, the effect of bFGF on the ALP activity of hDPMCs was not obvious, but the effect of IGF-Ⅰon ALP activity of hDPMCs became greater with the time passing; furthermore, the combination of bFGF and IGF-Ⅰcould generate a synergetic action on increasing the ALP activity.

Objective: To study the role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) during human tooth germ development.Method: bFGF expression was exmined with immmunohistochemical technique in bud stage,cap stage and bell stage of human tooth germ from aborted embryo of 7,8,10 and 14 weeks.Results: At the bud stage of human tooth development, bFGF was expressed in most dental epithelium cells,and few condensed mesenchymal cells.At the cap stage ,bFGF was weakly expressed.At the bell stage,bFGF was strongly expressed in the inner enamel epithelium layer and dental papillary cells near inner enamel epithelia,weakly in the stellate reticulum.Conclusion:During human tooth development,bFGF plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of dental epithelium.

Objective To investigate the current status of nurses′ work performance and job involvement, and to analyze the impact of nurses′job involvement on work performance. Methods Self-made questionnaires were used to investigate 309 nurses in a 3A military hospital in Beijing. The military hospital is in a high standardization level, which may be properly representative of both military hospitals and 3A hospitals. Results The total score of nurses′work performance was 192.04 ± 31.25. The total score of nurses′ job involvement was 55.48 ± 9.94. The multiple regression analysis showed that the nurses′ work performance would be influenced by staff type, vigor and absorption. Conclusions The nurses′work performance and job involvement were at a high level. Managers should take methods to keep a high level of nurses′job involvement, which may improve work performance.

Objective:To investigate the effect of zinc supplementation on the expression profile of zinc transporters mRNA in placenta and small intestine of pregnant rats.Method:Eighteen pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into normal control(ZC)and zinc supplement group(ZS).Rats in ZC group drank deionized distilled water while those in ZS group drank water supplemented with zinc of 1.26 mmol/L.Placenta and small intestine were taken at gestational day 9.5 and 17.5,respectively.The expression of ZnT1,2,5 and 6 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR.Results:At gestational D9.5,the expression of placental ZnT1,2 and small intestinal ZnT1,2,6 mRNA was up-regulated,and placental ZnT5 mRNA down-regulated by dietary zinc supplementation.Dietary zinc intake had no effect on the expression of placental ZnT6 and small intestinal ZT5 mRNA.At gestational D17.5,the expression of placental ZnT5 and 6 mRNA was up-regulated by dietary zinc supplementation,and dietary zinc had no effect on the expression of placental and small intestinal ZnT1,2 mRNA.The expression of ZnT5 mRNA at gestational D17.5 in both groups was not detectable.Conclusion:Dietary zinc supplementation during pregnancy has significant effect on the expression profile of ZnT 1,2,5 and 6mRNA in placenta and small intestine of pregnant rats.

Objective To discuss the etiology and clinical characteristics of human rhinovirus (HRV) as pathogen of central nervous system infection .Methods Two hundred and five cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from children with fever and convulsions who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with suspicion of central nervous system infection from June 2011 to December 2012 .Genome Lab Genetic Analysis System (GeXP) was applied to detect HRV from CSF .Specimens with positive results were amplified by nested reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and followed by gene sequencing . Clinical data of HRV positive cases were analyzed . Results Of the 205 CSF specimens ,7 samples were positive for HRV ,which were composed of 2 HRV‐A ,1 HRV‐B and 4 HRV‐C (including 1 HRV‐Ca) .There were 6 boys and 1 girl among the 7 positive cases for HRV .Six children were less than 3 years old ,except one was 9 years old .The onset time was mainly concentrated between September and October . The main clinical manifestations were fever and convulsions . The clinical diagnosis before the pathogen confirmation included viral encephalitis ,epilepsy ,febrile convulsion ,benign infantile convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG ) and hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease ( HFMD ) . Although the disease severity of the 7 cases varied ,all ended with favorable prognosis .Conclusions HRV is one of pathogens of viral central nervous system infection .All types of HRV can cause central nervous system infection ,among which HRV‐C accounts for the majority .The clinical manifestations of HRV central nervous system infection could mimic febrile convulsion ,CwG and HFMD .

Objective To observe the surface area temperature of dysmenorrhea rats with cold stagnation syndrome; To compare the different effects of Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Guanyuan (RN4).Methods Forty female SD rats were randomized into control group, model group, Sanyinjiao (SP6) group, and Guanyuan (RN4) group, 12 rats in each group. Whole body freezing method combined with estradiol benzoate injection was used to establish models. Sanyinjiao (SP6) group and Guanyuan (RN4) group received moxibustion at corresponding points for 3 times after modeling. Infrared thermal imaging was used to measure the skin temperature at the surface projection area of Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Xuehai (SP10) and Sanyinjiao-Xuehai lines before and after moxibustion.Results Compared with control group, the temperature gap between double sides of Sanyinjiao-Xuehai lines significantly increased in model group 5-30 min after moxibustion (P<0.05). 30 min after moxibustion, the temperature of right Sanyinjiao significantly decreased in other three groups (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the temperature gap between double sides of Sanyinjiao-Xuehai lines significantly decreased after 5-30 min in Sanyinjiao group (P<0.05), while Sanyinjiao-Xuehai lines significantly decreased after 10-30 min in Guanyuan group (P<0.05). Comparison between two moxibustion groups, the influence of Sanyinjiao group to temperature gap between double sides of Sanyinjiao-Xuehai lines was earlier than Guanyuan group (P<0.05).Conclusion Moxbustion can decrease the temperature gap between double sides of Sanyinjiao-Xuehai lines and ease the imbalance. And the influence of moxbustion SP6 to temperature gap between double sides of Sanyinjiao-Xuehai lines is earlier than moxibustion RN4.

Objective To analyze the serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in perinatal pregnant women.Methods The vaginal and rectal specimens were collected from pregnant women at 35 to 37 weeks of pregnancy for culture and identification.The serotypes were analyzed using agglutination assay.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by using Kirby-Bauer method,and interpreted according to 2009 CLSI breakpoints.The data were analyzed via WHONET 5.6 software.Results The prevalence of GBS was 10.4％ (264/2 533) in the 2 533 perinatal pregnant women.Serotype Ⅲ,Ⅰa and Ⅰb was identified in 54.9％ (84/153),17.6％ (27/153) and 13.1％ (20/153) of the GBS,respectively.All the GBS isolates were susceptible to penicillin,cefiriaxone and vancomycin.But 32.9％,68.1％ and 62.1％ of the isolates were resistant to levofloxacin,erythromycin and clindamycin,respectively.The antibiotic resistance rate of serotype Ⅲ isolates to the above three antibiotics was significantly higher than the other serotypes.Conclusions GBS may colonize both vagina and rectum of pregnant women.Vaginal and rectal secretions should be sampled simultaneously for better screening GBS.GBS serotype Ⅲ was the predominant serotype.Penicillin can be used as the first-choice treatment for GBS infections in pregnant women and newborns.GBS-positive pregnant women should be given the intervention treatment immediately to ensure the health of perinatal infants.