Objective: To systematically evaluate the prevalence of caries among children and adolescents in China, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and intervention of caries among children and adolescents. Methods: Literature on caries among children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years was collected through SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed and Web of Science published from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2023. A meta-analysis was performed using R 4.4.0 software. Literature were excluded one by one for sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test and Begg rank correlation test. Results: Totally 561 publications were retrieved, and 26 eligible literature were enrolled in the final analysis. The survey period spanned from 2020 to 2023. The survey sites for 14, 4 and 8 eligible literature were eastern, central and western regions, respectively. A total of 95 594 individuals were included, with 45 004 cases of caries. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of caries among children and adolescents was 48.11% (95%CI: 41.58%-54.65%). Subgroup analysis results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of dental caries across different genders, regions, educational stages, urban-rural areas, and regional economic levels (all P＞0.05). After sequentially excluding publications, the prevalence of caries ranged from 41.58% to 54.65%, indicating that the research results were relatively stable. Begg rank correlation test and Egger's test indicated no publication bias (all P＞0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of caries among children and adolescents in China ranged from 41.58% to 54.65% from 2020 to 2023.

NS2 is a nonstructural protein of Periplaneta fuliginosa densovirus(PfDNV) with a molecular mass of 30 kD,whose function is not yet clearly understood. In order to study the expression,subcellular distribution and the function of NS2 protein,the coding region of NS2 was amplified from the hindgut tissue of cockroaches infected with PfDNV by RT-PCR and then the recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-NS2 was constructed. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) to express the 6?His fusion protein in the bacteria. After purification,the fusion protein was injected into New Zealand rabbits to prepare polyclonal antibody. The specificity of the anti-NS2 antibody was successfullyproved by western blotting on the eukaryotic expressed products of NS2 protein.Meanwhile,the full sequence of ns2 gene was also cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pAC. The recombinant plasmid pAC-NS2 was then transfected into Schneider line 2(S2) cells to express NS2 protein in the insect cells. The subcellular localization of NS2 in the insect cells was then investigated by indirect immunofluorescence technique using the anti-NS2 polyclonal antiserum. The confocal laser scanning microscope observation showed that NS2 protein was located primarily in the cytoplasm with some punctate nuclear staining.

Objective To investigate the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV)genotype, the mutations in HBV basic core gene promoter(BCP), pre C/C gene region and treatment response to interferon (IFN)α-1b. Methods Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were treated with IFNα-Ib for 6 months and were followed up for 6 months after the end of treatment. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was used for determining HBV genotype. HBV DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed for BCP and pre C/C gene region by sequencing. Measurement data were compared using t test and analysis of variance. Enumeration data were compared using chi-square test, Fisher exact probability test.Logistic regression analysis was utilized for multi-factor analysis. Results There were 39 patients who completed the treatment and follow up in this study. At the end of treatment, 16(41.0%) patients showed response to the IFNα-lb treatment. At the end of follow-up, four out of 16 patients who achieved on treatment response relapsed. Among 3a patients, 29 (74.4 %) were infected with genotype B and 10 (25. 6%) with genotype C. The treatment response rates were not significant different between the groups with different genotypes. The double mutation pattern (T1762/A1764) was found in eight (20. 5%) patients. The response rates to IFNα-lb treatment were not significant different between the group with and without double mutation pattern. A1896 mutation was detected in eight patients at baseline. Three of them became HBeAg negative at the end of treatment and returned to HBeAg positive during follow-up. The non-lyphocyte epitope mutations, L60V and I97L, were found in 15 patients (38. 5%) and 14 patients (35.9%), respectively. At the end of follow-up, the patients with 60V had a significantly lower HBeAg seroconversion rate and HBV DNA undetectable rate compared to the patients with 60L (Fisher exact probability test; P = 0.0126 and 0.0069,respectively). The HBV DNA undetectable rates in the patients with 97I were significantly lower than those in patients with 97L both at the end of treatment and the end of follow-up (Fisher exact probability test; P= 0.0484 and 0. 0024, respectively). Logistic regression analysis results showed that there was no association between the above viral mutations and the treatment response to IFNαlb. Conclusions There is no association between HBV genotype, BCP double mutation pattern and IFN-α treatment response. The non-lyphocyte epitope mutations, L60V and I97L, may have impact on IFN-α treatment response.

Objective To explore the value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)for the cerebral white matter recovery in children with cerebral palsy after cervical perivascular sympathectomy.Methods 30 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy were recruited for clinical assessment and routine MRI and DTI examination before and after operation.The fractional anisotropy (FA)values for the regions including internal capsule and cerebral peduncle in the preoperative operation side and the opposite side,preoperative and postoperative were measured and compared.Gross motor function classification system (GMFCS)was used to evaluate the movement function of cerebral palsy in children.Paired sample t-test was performed to compare the differences of FA values between the preoperative operation side and the lateral,preoperative and postoperative white matter.Spearman relativity analysis was performed to assess correlation between DTI parameters in different white matter fiber bundles and GMFCS in patients.Results The FA values of white matter fiber bundle in different parts of the preoperative operation side were significantly lower in preoperative contralateral side,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).Compared to preoperative,the FA values of white matter fiber bundle in different parts of the operation side were significantly increased in the six months after surgery (P<0.001),with the improvement of gross motor.Preoperative and postoperative FA value of the white matter fiber bundles in the different parts of the contralateral brain was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Clinical GMFCS in the patients were negatively correlated with the FA values (P<0.001).Moreover,the relativity between the GMFCS and the FA value of internal capsule and cerebral peduncle were both higher(r=-0.800,P<0.001;r=-0.786,P<0.001). Conclusion DTI can be used to quantitatively evaluate the postoperative recovery of white matter in children with cerebral palsy.The FA value can be used as a sensitive index for the evaluation of curative effect in children with cerebral palsy.

Objective To investigate the CT features of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)lymphoma. Methods The data of 20 cases with pathologically confirmed pulmonary MALT lymphoma were collected.All cases underwent CT plain and enhanced scan,and the CT features were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among the 20 cases,15 cases showed multiple consolidations,accompanied by mass and small nodules,1 case had solitary consolidation with multiple micronodules,2 cases had solitary consolidation,2 cases had diffuse micronodules.The sign of dilated air bronchograms was found in 10 cases with pulmonary consolidation lesions, reaching the margin of lesion.All lesions and masses were mildly and moderately homogenous enhanced.Pulmonary thin-wall cystic cavity was seen in 7 cases of diseased tissue and surrounding lung tissue.Conclusion CT manifestation of pulmonary MALT lymphoma mainly shows multiple lung consolidation,which includes the signs of consolidation with dilated air bronchograms,homogenous enhancement, and accompanying with signs such as mass,micronodules and pulmonary thin-wall cystic cavity.

Objective:To analyze the feasibility and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy and radiofrequency ablation of gallbladder polyps.Methods:From April 2019 to January 2021, 25 patients with gallbladder polyps underwent ultrasound-guided biopsy and radiofrequency ablation in the ultrasound department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were collected, the maximum diameter of the lesion was 11.00(10.00, 12.50)mm. Under general anesthesia, ultrasound-guided injection of water into the gallbladder serosa layer was performed to make the gallbladder edema thicker than or equal to 10 mm. Percutaneous biopsy and radiofrequency ablation of gallbladder polyps were performed to ablate the gallbladder mucosa layer of polyps and polyp attachment.Intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used to evaluate the need for supplementary ablation.The operation time, intraoperative and postoperative conditions were recorded. The complete ablation rate of gallbladder polyps, the reduction rate of lesion volume after ablation, the incidence of complications and the effect of operation on gallbladder wall thickness and gallbladder contraction rate were evaluated.Results:Biopsy and radiofrequency ablation of gallbladder polyps were successfully performed in 25 patients.There were 14 cases of cholesterol polyp, 5 cases of adenoma, 5 cases of inflammatory polyp and 1 case of gallbladder adenomyosis. Twenty-nine gallbladder polyps showed changes after ablation, and the lesion volume was reduced to varying degrees. In the first, third and sixth months, the volume reduction rates of ablation focus were 70.74%(58.55%, 77.56%), 89.47%(85.04%, 96.87%) and 100%(95.68%, 100%) respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in gallbladder wall thickness and gallbladder contraction rate before and 1 month after operation ( P>0.05). The operation time was 14-39(23.32±6.68)min. During the operation, 3 patients(12.0%) had a decrease in heart rate, 2 patients(8.0%) had mild abdominal pain and 1 patient(4.0%) had obvious abdominal pain, which was relieved after treatment. No bleeding, gallbladder perforation, abdominal infection and other complications occurred. All patients were followed up for 1 to 22 months, with a median of 6 (3, 7) months. No patients were lost or follow-up, polyp recurrence, or new polyps, or secondary gallstone. Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided biopsy and radiofrequency ablation of gallbladder polyps is a feasible choice for gallbladder preserving treatment of gallbladder polyps with low complication rate.

Objective To explore the application effects of nurse-physician combined outpatient service in peptic ulcer patients. Methods A total of 108 cases of peptic ulcer patients who were being treated in the digestive center of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Ningbo University from January 2015 to February 2017 were recruited in the research by purposive sampling method, and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 54 cases in each. Nurse-physician combined outpatient service was provided to the patients in the experimental group, while the patients in the control group received traditional outpatient mode. Disease knowledge, medication compliance and lifestyle were compared between the two groups. Results In the 1st, 2nd and 6th week, patients' disease knowledge in the experimental group was better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). In the 2nd week, the medication compliance of the experimental group was better than that of the control group, with statistically significant (P<0.05). In the 1st, 2nd and 6th week, the number of smoking and drinking people was less than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The nurse-physician combined outpatient service is beneficial to improve the knowledge level and medication compliance of patients and plays an important role in changing unhealthy living habits.

Objective? To evaluate and summarize the best evidence for management of peristomal irritant dermatitis in patients with a urostomy. Methods? Clinical practice guidelines, evidence summary and systematic review related to peristomal irritant dermatitis were retrieved and screened from various guideline websites and databases (from their founding to July 2018). The quality of these literatures were evaluated with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation Ⅱ (AGREE Ⅱ) and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Evidence was extracted and summarized from high-quality literatures. Results? Totally 7 literatures were included, including 5 clinical practice guidelines, 1 evidence summary and 1 systematic review. Evidence for recognition, evaluation, prevention, treatment, health education and follow-up visits of peristomal irritant dermatitis was summarized. Conclusions? It is recommended that medical institutions refer to the content of evidence summary, make evidence-based practice plans based on the conditions of clinical departments, use the evidence efficiently, and bridge the gap between evidence and practice.

Objective:To understand the behavior and cognition status of clinical nurses and patients or family members on the evidence related to nursing of contact irritant dermatitis around ileal cystostomy, so as to provide the basis for the establishment of evidence-based practice plan for the nursing of contact irritant dermatitis around ileal cystostomy.Methods:The observation method was used to observe nursing behaviors for ileum cystostomy in 48 nurses and 25 patients or family members. Questionnaire survey was used to investigate the knowledge of contact irritant dermatitis around ileal cystostomy in nurses and patients.Results:The execution rate of clinical application of nursing evidence related to contact irritant dermatitis around ileal cystostomy was 0 to 96.0%. The average score of clinical nurses' knowledge about contact irritant dermatitis around ileal cystostomy was (57.86±11.49) , and the score ranged from 25 to 85. There were statistically significant differences in scores of nursing knowledge of contact irritant dermatitis around ileal cystostomy between nurses who received special training and those who did not ( P<0.05) . The awareness rate of patients in nursing knowledge of contact irritant dermatitis around ileal cystostomy was 0 to 96.0%. Conclusions:There is still a gap between the clinical status and evidence of contact irritant dermatitis around ileal cystostomy. Clinical nurses cannot well identify contact irritant dermatitis around ileal cystostomy and risk factors. The management measures for contact irritant dermatitis around ileal cystostomy are relatively limited and lack of pertinence, and even fail to provide effective nursing measures. It is suggested to establish a standardized procedure related to contact irritant dermatitis around ileal cystostomy in clinical practice and conduct special training for it, so as to reduce its incidence and improve the effectiveness of relevant nursing measures.