In recent years many basic-level hospitals formed teaching cooperation relationshipwith the medical universities and colleges. And more and more basic-level hospitals successfully become affiliated hospitals indirectly under medical colleges. Some medical universities and colleges make bold attempt to put foreign students in the affiliated hospitals indirectly under medical colleges. This essay analyzes the problems and deficiencies of foreign students' practice in such hospitals in combination with receiving foreign students practice experience, puts forward concrete proposals to solve the problem and gives some suggestions.

Objective To analyze Vitamin D nutritional status of children and their height growth relationship in Wanzhou dis-trict of Chongqing .Methods Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method was used to detect serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D]concentrations in 2 727 Children from Wanzhou district of Chongqing ,analyzing the correlation of Vitamin D and children age ,gender ,height ,parental height and other factors .Results There was significant difference in serum level of 25(OH) D among different age groups(P<0 .01) ,there was significant difference between boys and girls among the same age groups of 5 months ,6 months ,4 years old ,5 years old .Children′s height consistented with the national average 4 -6 years ago in Wanzhou District ,but Since then ,gradually felled behind .After adjustment for age ,sex ,parental height ,measured seasonal and other factors ,serum 25 (OH) D concentration was positively correlated with height (r=0 .462 5 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion 25(OH)D levels were closely re-lated with the development of children′s height .Thus ,children generally poor 25(OH)D nutritional status in Wanzhou district should arouse the attention of parents and clinicians .

Objective To study the mechanism of cytotoxic T lympocytes in the acute rejection of xenogenic liver transplantation(XLT). Methods Hamster to rat orthotopic liver transplantation model was performed with three cuff method. In XLT,lymphocytes including CD8 and CD4 subsets were observed by histology and immunohistochemistry; the expression of perforin and Fas- L was observed by immunohistochemistry; and apoptotic cells of XLT were observed in situ end-labelling of fragmented DNA. Results In the XLT, T cell infiltration firstly ocurred on the 2nd day posttansplantation and located at the portal triads; the infiltrating lymphocytes proliferated increased with time and reached the peak on the 5th to 6th days.Perforin and Fas-ligand were expressed on the 4th day after XLT, and peaked on the 5th to 6th day,and the expression of perforing was still higher than the expression of Fas-ligand. Conclusions T lymphocyte participates in the acute rejection of XLT through the expression of perforin and Fas-ligand, which leads to apoptosis or necrosis of hepatocytes.

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of acupoint thread-embedding method for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in pattern of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency.
Methods: A total of180 cases in conformity with the diagnostic criteria of NAFLD in pattern of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 90 cases in each group, and finally 88 cases in the treatment group and 90 cases in the control group were recruited for statistics. The treatment group was managed by acupoint thread-embedding method, and the control group was treated by oral administration of Polyene Phosphatidylcholine capsules. Both groups were treated for 6 months. Before and after the treatment, liver enzymology, blood fat test, abdominal B ultrasonic examination, and assessment of clinical effects were respectively processed.
Results:After treatment, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) decreased in the treatment group, and were significantly different from those in the control group after treatment (allP<0.05). There was no statistically significant inter-group difference in the degree of fatty liver (by B ultrasound examination) before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the improvement degree of fatty liver in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rates were 89.8% in the treatment group and 76.7% in the control group, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion:The acupoint thread-embedding method can reduce the levels of ALT, AST, TC and TG in NAFLD patients, and can improve the pathologic degree of fatty liver and its clinical effects are remarkably better than that of oral medications.

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference between the acupoint embedding therapy and polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules in the clinical efficacy on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern.

METHODSThe multi-center clinical trial was adopted and 180 cases of NAFLD of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern were randomized into an embedding therapy group and a western medication group, 90 cases in each one. On the basis of general treatment such as diet control and proper physical exercise, in the embedding therapy group, the acupoint embedding therapy was applied to Ganshu (BL 18), Tai-chong (LR 3), Fenglong (ST 40), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), once every 7 days; in the western medication group, polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules (essentiale) were prescribed, 228 mg/capsule, 2 capsules each time, three times a day. In 6 months of treatment, TCM syndrome score, liver enzymology, blood lipid and abdomen B-ultrasound examination were observed and compared before and after treatment between the two groups.

RESULTS(1) For TCM syndrome score, the total score in the embedding therapy group was lower significantly than that in the western medication group (P<0. 05); (2) For liver enzymology and blood lipid, the levels of serum alanine transarninase (ALT), serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerol (TG) in the embedding therapy group were reduced significantly as compared with those in the western medication group (all P<0. 05); (3) For abdomen B-ultrasound examination, the fatty liver degree in the embedding therapy group was relieved significantly as compared with that in the western medication group (P< 0. 05); (4) For clinical efficacy, the total effective rate was 89. 8%o (79/88) in the embedding therapy group, higher significantly than 76. 7% (69/90) in the western medication group(P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe acupoint embedding therapy achieves the definite efficacy on NAFLD of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern, better than polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Catgut ; utilization ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Spleen ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To study the occurrence of apoptosis in acute rejection of hamster-to-rat liver transplantation and the molecular mechanism. Methods On the basis of establishment of hamster-to-rat orthotopic liver transplantation, the apoptosis in xenograft were observed by histology and in situ end-lebelling of fragmented DNA;the expression of Fas-L and TGF-?1 were observed by Immunohistochemistry. Rseults In acute rejection of liver xenograft, the apoptosis of hepatocyte was detectable, meanwhile, the expression of Fas-L and TGF-?1 were found. The more severe apoptosis, the more severe acute rejection , and the more expression of Fas-L and TGF-?1 . Conclusions Apoptosis as a mechanism of cell death exists in the acute rejection of liver xenograft, and it is closely related to the expression of TGF-?1 and Fas-L.

Adult ; Hamartoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, immunohistochemical and differential diagnosis of desmoplastic fibroblastoma. Methods: The clinical data and pathology features of 7 cases of desmoplastic fibroblastoma were collected and immunohistochemical study were carried out in all cases with a review of the literatures. Results: There were 2 males and 5 females, with age ranging from 31 to 71 years (average and mean age were 59 and 61 years, respectively). The tumors were located in extremities and abdomen (left toe and right toe, right foot back, left leg and right thigh, right forearm and left hepatic lobe). Clinically, the tumors presented as slow growing painless masses of long standing duration. Grossly, the tumors were well-circumscribed with firm, white to gray cut-off surface. Tumor size ranged from 1.2 to 4.0 cm in maximum diameter (average 3.0 cm). Microscopically, 2 cases were located in dermis, 4 cases were located in subcutaneous and 1 case was located in liver parenchyma. It was composed of spindle-shaped or stellate cells with a fibroblastic or myofibroblastic appearance, and sparsely scattered in densely fibrous or fibromyxoid background. There was small vascular component in tumor background. At high magnification, the tumor cells were medium size with abundant cytoplasm, and the nucleus were small and always with small nucleoli. In some cases, the tumor cells were slightly larger with enlarged nuclei, but without cellular atypical and mitosis. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were strongly positive for vimentin, desmin, S-100 protein and CD34, but CKpan was negative. α-SMA showed focal positive in one case. Ki-67 index ranged from 1% to 2%. Four cases were followed-up (ranged from 11 to 21 months, average 16.5 months) and the patients had no recurrence after surgery. Conclusions Desmoplastic firoblastoma is a rare soft benign tumor. The differential diagnosis includes other benign or low-grade fibroblastic/myofibroblastic lesions.

Objective To isolate and identify 3 flavonoids (taxifolin, orobol and quercetin) from Cudrania tricuspidata, and develop a method for determining 3 flavonoid constituents in Cudrania tricuspidata. Methods Three flavonoids was isolated from ethanol extract of Cudrania tricuspidata by chromatography, and its structure was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance. The analysis was conducted on an Aglient C18 column (4.6 mm ×250 mm, 5 μm) eluted with 1％ acetic acid and methanol as mobile phases in gradient mode. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and the detection wavelength was set at 310 nm. The column temperature was 25 ℃. Results Taxifolin, orobol and quercetin were isolated from ethanol extract of Cudrania tricuspidata by chromatography. The content of taxifolin, orobol and quercetin were 0.850 mg/g, 0.518 mg/g, 0.103 mg/g. Conclusion The method can be used for the quality control of Cudrania tricuspidata as a reference.

Objective To analyze the alkaloids in the different parts of Aconitum wulingense by HPLC-ESI-Trap-MS. Methods The Agilent XDB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with gradient elution of 0.1% solvent (A)-acetonitrile(B), at a flow rate of 1 ml/min was used. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The MS analysis was based on positive ions mode. Results In the roots, a total of 61 diterpenoid alkaloids were discovered, among which 46 were identified. In the stems, 38 alkaloids have been found, among which 33 alkaloids were identified and 27 were the same with the roots. In the leaves, 18 alkaloids have been detected and 8 were the same with the roots. Conclusions The method is accurate, reliable and efficient, and is suitable for rapid identification of ingredients in Aconitum wulingense, which provides a reference for the development and utilization of Aconitum wulingense and clarify its efficacy and material basis.