Oxidative stress is a major cause of fatty liver,atherosclerosis,cancer,organ damage following ischemia/reperfusion,etc.In recent years,significant improvements have been achieved in studies on signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress,which provide a basis for the drug and gene therapy.This article reviews the major redox-related signaling molecules and pathways,including transcription factors,growth factor signaling,tyrosine kinases and serine/threonine kinases.

Objective To evaluate the optimal surgical approach for huge liver neopiasms in the caudate lobe.Methods Thirty-three patients with huge liver neplasms（≥10cm) underwent caudate lobectomy at a single tertiary referral center between January 2001 and June 2007.The surgical out-comes of pateints who underwent isolated caudate lobectomy or caudate lobectomy combined with partial hepatectomy were compared.Result Fifteen（45.5％）of 33 patients underwent isolated total or partial caudate lobectomy（group A）,whereas 18（54.5％) had total or partial caudate lobectomy cellular carcinoma (HCC) (51.5％),followed by hemangioma(21.2％),intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(9.1％),angiomyolipoma(6.1％),hepatic adenoma (3％),focal nodular hyperplasia(3％),colorectal liver metastases(3％)and sarcoma(3％).The median diameter of the tumour was 12.3 (range,10.2-21)cm.Patients in group A had significantly longer operative time (280 minutes vs.170 minutes),longer length of hospital stay (17 days vs.12 days)and more blood loss(1250 ml vs.670 ml) than patients in group B.There was no perioperative death in the 2 groups of pateints.Complication rates in group A and group B were 26.7％ and 16.7％ respectively.There was no disease-related death in patients with benign lesions.The1-,3- and 5-year disease-free survivals of patients with malignant lesions in group A and group B were 25.9％,0％,0％and 74.3％,46.7％,31.2％,respectively.The 1-,3- and 5-year overrall survivals were 68.6％,19.7％,0％ and 100％,66.5％,41.8％,respecively.Conclusion The approach to caudate lobectomy depends on the size and location of the lesion and the liver functional reserve.For patients with sufficient liver functional reserve,caudate lobectomy combined with partial hepatectomy is preferred because it is technically less demanding.For patienls with marginal liver functional reserve,isolated caudate lobectomy is the only viable surgical option.

Supernumerary teeth is one kind of teeth dysplasia.2 cases with more than 3 supernumerary teeth located in premolar region are re-ported.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-paracrine substance on fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) rat, and to study the effect on liver function and hepatocyte proliferation. MethodsMesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)were separated from human umbilical cord, and surface makers of cells were detected by flow cytometry. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium(MSC-CM) was prepared. FHF rat model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine and they were randomly diveded into three groups: MSC-CM group, NS group, PHGF group. 24 h later, 1 ml MSC-CM, 1 ml 0. 9% NaCl solution and lml PHGF solution was injected into the tail vein of MSC-CM, NS, and PHGF rats, respectively. In each group (n=8 per group), blood samples were collected at 12, 24, 36, and 60 h after treatment from inner canthus for analysis of blood ALT and TBIL levels. We used five rats per group for tissue collection after sacrifice at 36 h after treatment and 10 animals per group for survival analysis. PCNA immunohistochemical staining was used in the sections of liver tissue to detect hepatocyte proliferation. Results24 h after treatment, the levels of ALT and TBIL in the MSC-CM and PHGF groups were lower than those in the NS group(P＜0. 05), but there was no significant difference between the MSC-CM and PHGF groups. There were more PCNA-positive hepatocytes in the MSC-CM and PHGF groups than in the NS group(P＜0.01), but there was no significant difference between MSC-CM and PHGF group. Survival analysis found that the survival rate of rats in the MSC-CM and PHGF groups was higher than that of rats in the NS group (P=0. 049), but there was no significant difference between the MSC-CM and PHGF group. ConclusionsThe paracrine substance of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can stimulate hepatocyte proliferation and improve liver function of FHF rats, potentially creating a new avenue for the treatment of FHF.

Objective To investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of vocal polyps and vocal nodules.Methods Aerodynamic parameters of 58 patients with vocal polyps or vocal nodules and 30 normal adults were measured by Aerophone Ⅱ Voice Function Analyzer.The mean airflow rate,intraoral pressure,glottal resistance,glottal efficiency were compared among different group.Results The mean airflow rate,glottal resistance and glottal efficiency of vocal polyps,vocal nodules and normal adult were 254.50±36.02 ml/s,33.55±4.63 cmH_2O/(L·S),2.46±1.49,177.45±25.93 ml/s,38.83±8.88 cmH_2O/(L·S),7.75±3.71,118.44±29.98 ml/s,53.04±8.64 cmH_2O/(L·S),9.17±3.87,respectively.The difference between them was significant(P＜0.01).The difference of intraoral pressure between vocal polyps (8.97±1.36 cmH_2O) and normal adult (6.24±0.99 cmH_2O) was significant (P＜0.01).The mean airflow rate,glottal resistance,glottal efficiency were significantly different between vocal polyps and vocal nodules(P＜0.01).Conclusion The degree of vocal fold adduct and the effciency of voice production in vocal polyps is worse than that of vocal nodules.The aerodynamic parameters can make quantifiable,objective assessment in voice function of vocal polyps and vocal nodules.

Objective To evaluate the techniques and the effects of resection of giant hepatic tumors in the caudate lobe of the liver. Methods The clinical data of 33 patients with primary liver carcinoma or benign tumor (>10 cm) in the caudate lobe of the liver surgically treated in our hospital from January 2000 to January 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The total of 33 huge liver tumors with a median diameter of 12.3 cm (10.2-15.3cm) were successfully resected. The types of the hepatectomies conducted were as follows:isolated total caudate lobectomy in 7cases, partial cau-date lobectomy in 8, caudate lobectomy plus other extended hepatectomy in 18. The median operative time was 218 min (120-360 min) and the median intraoperative blood loss 958 ml (400-7000 ml),with operative mortality and morbidity being 0 and 27%, respectively. The postoperative 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates for the patients with primary liver cancer were 76 %,52% and 24%, respectively. Con-clusion The hepatic tumors of caudate lobe, when larger than 10 cm in diameter, frequently involves all the hepatic portal,hepatocaval confluence and retrohepatic IVC. Though it is sophisticated in tech-nique, surgical resection of this kind of tumor is safe, effective and of the first choice.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of polyamide on the separation on phenolic acids components by nanofiltra-tion process. METHODS:Phenolic acids components were selected as targets,extracted from the Salvia miltiorrhiza,Lonicera ja-ponica or intermediate preparations (tea polyphenols) with water,and filtered with membranes with different pore sizes. The con-tent changes of components were analyzed by HPLC. RESULTS:Danshensu,protocatechuic aldehyde and caffeic acid could better transmit nanofiltration membranes with 3 different pore sizes;with the decrease of pore size,the rejection rates of neochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,rosmarinci acid,ECG and EGCG grew in different levels. But salvianolic acid B was almost retained by the membrane with low molecular weight except 600-800 Da. CONCLUSIONS:Molecular weight importantly influenced nanofiltra-tion separation on phenolic acid components;nanofiltration has a good prospect in enrichment of phenolic acids components.

Objective To analyze the alkaloids in the different parts of Aconitum wulingense by HPLC-ESI-Trap-MS. Methods The Agilent XDB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with gradient elution of 0.1% solvent (A)-acetonitrile(B), at a flow rate of 1 ml/min was used. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The MS analysis was based on positive ions mode. Results In the roots, a total of 61 diterpenoid alkaloids were discovered, among which 46 were identified. In the stems, 38 alkaloids have been found, among which 33 alkaloids were identified and 27 were the same with the roots. In the leaves, 18 alkaloids have been detected and 8 were the same with the roots. Conclusions The method is accurate, reliable and efficient, and is suitable for rapid identification of ingredients in Aconitum wulingense, which provides a reference for the development and utilization of Aconitum wulingense and clarify its efficacy and material basis.

Objective To isolate and identify 3 flavonoids (taxifolin, orobol and quercetin) from Cudrania tricuspidata, and develop a method for determining 3 flavonoid constituents in Cudrania tricuspidata. Methods Three flavonoids was isolated from ethanol extract of Cudrania tricuspidata by chromatography, and its structure was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance. The analysis was conducted on an Aglient C18 column (4.6 mm ×250 mm, 5 μm) eluted with 1％ acetic acid and methanol as mobile phases in gradient mode. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and the detection wavelength was set at 310 nm. The column temperature was 25 ℃. Results Taxifolin, orobol and quercetin were isolated from ethanol extract of Cudrania tricuspidata by chromatography. The content of taxifolin, orobol and quercetin were 0.850 mg/g, 0.518 mg/g, 0.103 mg/g. Conclusion The method can be used for the quality control of Cudrania tricuspidata as a reference.