Objective To explore whether Islet-1 gene of the rat could induce NSCs to differentiate into cholinergic neurons. Methods NSCs were transduced with Islet-1 recombinant retroviral expression vector.The protein expression of Islet-1 gene in NSCs was detected by immunofluorescence histochemical method.The ability of NSCs to differentiate into ChAT positive cells was observed in vivo and in vitro. Results The numbers of ChAT positive cells were significantly increased in the group of NSCs modified with Islet-1 compared with the control group in vitro.NSCs modified with Islet-1 could differentiate into ChAT positive cells when they were grafted into the corpus striatum of the adult rat brain.Conclusion Islet-1 gene could induce NSCs to differentiate into cholinergic neurons.

Objective To isolate the rat insulin gene enhancer binding protein 1(Islet-1)gene and construct plEGFP-C1-Islet-1 recombinant retroviral expression vector.Methods The cDNA encoding the rat Islet-1 gene was isolated by RT-PCR method,the cDNA was first cloned into PGET-1 TA vector to facilitate the sequence and then subcloned into the retroviral vector plEGFP-C1.plEGFP-C1-Islet-1 was transfected into PA317 packaging cells with lipofectamine 2000.Transformants were selected in medium containing G418.Results A 1 050 bp DNA fragment was obtained by RT-PCR;plEGFP-C1-Islet-1 recombinant retroviral expression vector was identified by restrictive enzymes digestion,PA317 cells transfected with recombinant vector expressed enhancer green fluorescent protein(EGFP).Conclusion The gene encoding the rat Islet-1 is obtained and plEGFP-C1-Islet-1 expression vector is constructed successfully.

Objective To study the condition of pheochromocytoma cells(PC12 cells)differentiation into neurons induced by nerve growth factor(NGF).Methods There were five groups :10,20,50,and 80 ?g?L-1 NGF groups and control group which contained 10% fetal calf serum.PC12 cells were exposed to NGF with different concentrations for 72 h and the lengh of neurite and max diameter of PC12 cells were observed at 24,48,and 72 h,respectively.The expression of MAP2 was detected by immunocytochemistry after PC12 cells were exposed to NGF for 72 h.Results The number of MAP2 positive cells was significantly increased in 20,50,and 80 ?g?L-1 groups compared with control group and the most significant concentration was 50 ?g?L-1(P

Objective The value of laparoscopic ultrasonographic scanning (LUS) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and the way of scanning extrahepatic biliary system were reported. Methods 80 patients with gallstone receiving LC had real－ time color Doppler LUS of the extrahepatic biliary system. Results The sonic picture of major extrahepatic bile duct could be clearly visualized by LUS. While the image of the part posterior to duodenum could also be seen satisfactory with the method modified by the authors. But viewing the image of exact cystic duct needs further study.Conclusion LUS gives distinct intraoperative sonographic images of extrahepatic bile ducts , thereby the operator can precisely locate the ducts without injurying them. LUS can be considered as an important and safe supplement to LC.

Objective To introduce the techniques of scanning the common bile duct(CBD) in full length with laparoscopic ultrasonography through the sonic window dorsal to the first portion of the duodenum(FPD). Methods The lower segment of the CBD in 300 cases was scanned in full length through the sonic window dorsal to the FPD. Results In our series, 97.67% of the lower segment of the CBD can be visualized with simple techniques through sonic window dorsal to the FPD. Visualization in 25 cases were improved with injection of saline into the subhepatic space and extraction of gas from the stomach and duodenum. Conclusion Through the sonic window dorsal to the FPD and with simple techniques, the lower segment of the CBD in majority of our cases can be satisfactorily imaged in full length. Visualization can be improved in some individuals with injection of saline into the subhepatic space and extraction of gas from the stomach and duodenum.

Objective To study the condition of pheochromocytoma cells(PC12 cells) differentiated into neuron-like cells induced by retinoic acid(RA) and to observe the lengh of neurite and max diameter and the expression of MAP2 in PC12 cells during their differentiation into neuron-like cells.Methods There were seven groups :0.1,0.3,0.5,1.0,2.0 and 5.0 mg?L-1RA groups and control group which contained 10% fetal calf serum.PC12 cells were exposed to RA with different concentrations for 72 h and the lengh of neurite and max diameter of PC12 cells were observed at 24,48,and 72 h respectively.The expression of MAP2 was detected by immunocytochemistry after PC12 cells were exposed to RA for 72 h.Results The number of MAP2 positive cells was significantly increased in 0.3,0.5,1.0,2.0 mg?L-1RA groups compared with control group and the most significant concentration was 1.0 mg?L-1(P

Objective To investigate the probabilities of brain-derived stem cells from fetal rats differentiating into neurons and astrocytes by velvet antler polypeptide(VAP) in vitro. Methods Neural stem cells from E12-14d rats were cultured for 7 days until neural stem cells (NSCs) aggregations were formed into neurospheres. The neurospheres were cultured at different concentrations of VAP, and immunocytochemistry was used to detect the differentiation of neural stem cells. Results The differentiated cells in 50?g/L VAP group are more than that in control group; the number of NSE positive cells in 50?g/L,100?g/L and 200?g/L groups is more than that in control group.Conclusion Neural stem cells can be successfully induced into neurons by VAP in vitro, which could provide a basis for regeneration of nerve system.;

Objective To examine the effect of labor analgesia with ropivacaine on maternal serum prolactin, time of first eolostrum production and the rate of abundant lactation. Methods A total of 124 women of vaginal delivery were randomly divided into labor analgesia group (n = 75 ) and control group (n =49). Labor analgesia group received ropivacaine by patient-controlled epidural analgesia. Three ml ropivacaine (0.125% ) was injected through an epidural catheter and another 12 ml ropivacaine was injected 5 min later if there were no total spinal anesthesia. The block level of analgesia was controlled to be below T10 level. Then 5 ml (0.104 mg/min) ropivacaine per hour was continuously pumped till full dilation of ostium of the uterus. The control group consisted of women of normal spontaneous delivery with no pain relieving measure. The prolactin levels of antepartum, postpartum 0 h, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h were determined by microparticle chemoluminescence. Starting time of lactation, the feeding times in 24 hours,the rate of abundant lactation, and neonatal weight 24 hours after delivery were recorded. Results ( 1 ) The serum prolactin of both groups increased instantly after delivery, reached a peak 2 hours after delivery and kept high levels 24 hours after delivery. (2)The prolactin levels of labor analgesia group [(19. 5±8.4)nmol/L and ( 14. 5 ± 5.6 ) nmol/L] were lower than those of control group [( 22.6±7. 2 ) nmol/L and ( 16. 9 ± 5.7 ) nmol/L] 2 and 24 hours after delivery ( P < 0. 05 ). ( 3 ) In labor analgesia group the starting time of lactation was within 24 hours after delivery in 73 cases (97%), lactation amount was abundant within 48 hours in 55 cases (73%) and newborn weight reduction in the first day after delivery was(57 ±42)g. In control group the starting time of lactation was within 24 hours after delivery in 45 cases (92%),lactation amount was abundant within 48 hours in 28 cases (57%) and newborn weight reduction in the first day after delivery was( 62±40)g. There were no differences between the two groups in the starting time of lactation, the rate of abundant lactation, and newborn weight reduction ( P > 0. 05 ). Conclusions ( 1 )Epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine might affect the secretion of prolactin, while the starting time and amount of lactation may be affected by other factors. (2) Prolactin increases after delivery, reaches a peak 2 hours after delivery and maintains high levels 2.4 hours after delivery, which contented necessary for lactation.

Objective To evaluate the value of high-frequency echocardiography in assessing Bax gene transfer influence on survival of heterotopic cardiac allograft in rats.Methods Thirty rat models of heterotopic heart transplantation were established.Group A received heart transplantation only; Group B received cyclosporin (CsA) after operatiom Group C received ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) combined with Bax-shRNA.All rats were tested by high-frequency echocardiography at day 1,3,6 after transplantation.The ultrasound parameters included left ventricular internal dimension diastole (LVIDd),left ventricular internal dimension systole(LVIDs),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular thickness (LVT),left ventricular thickening (LVTR) and so on.The pathologic examinations were carried out on five rats at day 6 after echocardiography exam.The other rats in each group were observed for the survival time of cardiac allograft.Results ①The left ventricular long axis view and the apical four chamber view could be displayed clearly by high-frequency echocardiography.②The survival time of allografts in group C was (16.21 ± 5.01)d,which was longer than that in group B [(11.14 ± 1.72)d,P ＜ 0.05] and group A [(7.26 ± 1.50)d,P ＜0.01].③LVT index got higher after transfection.At day 6,LVEF of group A was lower than group B and C markedly(P ＜0.05) while no significant difference was found between group B and C(P ＞0.05).At day 3 and 6,LVT of group A and B were higher than group C (P ＜0.05) while LVTR was lower(P ＜0.05).Conclusions The Bax gene transfer influence on survival of heterotopic cardiac allograft in rats could be evaluated accurately by high-frequency echocardiography which could assess cardiac structure and function.LVT and LVTR can be considered as early evaluation indexes for its high sensitivity over LVEF.

Objective To investigate the qualitative diagnosis of salivary gland mass with contrastenhanced ultrasound(CEUS).Methods The CEUS manifestations in 78 cases with salivary gland mass were observed after intravenous bolus injection with contrast agent SonoVue and confirmed by histology.Results Among 78 salivary gland masses,there were 29 cases with pleomorphic adenomas (37.2％),19with Warthin's tumors (24.4 ％),7 with basal cell adenomas (8.9 ％),and 11 with the other benign masses (14.1％),12 with malignant tumors (15.4％).The intensity of contrast-enhanced masses,whether the enhanced mass margin was clear,whether the peripheral enhancement rim was complete and whether the mass was enlarged were the diagnostic criteria to differentiate the benign and malignant tumors.The accuracy,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 87.2％,95.2％,56.3％,89.4％,75.0％ respectively,and the results also displayed positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 2.178,0.085 respectively.Although they presented with the highest incidence among benign tumors,their CEUS manifestations showed remarkable statistical differences when the pleomorphic adenoma was compared with Warthin' s tumor and basal cell adenoma respectively in enhancement intensity(P ＜0.01) while there were no statistical differences between Warthin's tumors and basal cell adenomas (P ＞0.05).Conclusions CEUS manifestations of salivary gland mass were helpful to the differential diagnosis of various salivary gland tumors.