As a core element of the Confucianism,mind-nature theory is full of the essence of Confucian mor-al education and has a profound influence on the Chinese national morality education.Confucianism mind-nature theory which takes Confucius and Mencius as representatives,after the continuous development of the future genera-tions,has been formed a complete ideological system.Confucianism mind-nature theory highly affirms the values of moral and unifies the values of life and moral.This article,by exploring the moral resources of Confucianism mind-nature theory,rethinks the ideas of contemporary ethics education and expounds how to enhance the effect of medical ethics education.

Objective To investigate the effect of argenin-glycin-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides on islet viability and function. Methods Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1640 group and RGD group. Ficoll was used to purify islet in a discontinuous-density-gradient way. Islet concentration is 27% ,25% ,23% ,20.5% and 11% respectively. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide(AO/EB) fluorescent staining method was adopted to observe the effect of RGD peptides on islet viability. Radioimmunoassay was adopted to detect insulin level and measure insulin secretion index (SI). Caspase-9 cells and phospho-Akt 473-positive cells were determined by flow cytometry to investigate the influence of RGD peptides on caspase-9 activity and Akt. Results 600-700 IEQ islet was extracted from each rat by Ficoll purification through modified gradient centrifugation. AO/EB stain showed islet survival rate was more than 95% immediately after separation. Islets cultured in the medium of RPMI-1640 showed SI of 1.64 ±0.28 after 1 week, while islets cultured in the medium of RPMI-1640 containing RGD peptides showed SI of 2.28 ± 0.16 (P ＜ 0.05 ). Flow cytometry showed the level of activated caspase-9 was ( 22.66 ± 3.56 ) % if islet was cultured in RPMI-1640 alone for 1 week while the level was( 10.54 ± 1.96) % if islet was cultured in RPMI-1640 containing RGD peptides. There was statistical difference ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The effect of RGD on Akt phosphorylation was also detected. Akt phosphorylation proportion was (31.47 ±4.08)% 1 week after cultured in RPMI-1640 while the value was(61. 054 ±6.03)% if cultured in RPMI-1640 containing RGD peptides. The difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion RGD peptides could inhibit apoptosis through the phosphorylation of Akt/PKB.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of arthroscopic debridement combined with patellofemoral peripheral denervated operation in treating patellofemoral arthritis.Methods One hundred cases of patellofemoral arthritis anterior knee pain in this hospital from January 2014 to September 2015 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and control group,50 cases in each group.The control group was given the arthroscopic debridement treatment,while the observation group was given the arthroscopic debridement combined with patellofemoral peripheral denervated operation.The visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after treatment,and Lysholm and Kujala scores after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the VAS score before treatment between the two groups (P＞0.05).After treatment,the VAS score in the two groups were significantly decreased,moreover the VAS score in the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05).After treatment,the Lysholm scores in the observation group and the control group were (80.93±4.21) points and (74.29±4.48) points,the knee Lysholm scores of claudication,joint noose,bearing weight,pain,instability,up and down stairs,jump,run,joint swollen and pain,squats were significantly better than those in the control group (P＜0.05);aftertreatment,the Kujala total score in the observation group and the control group were (76.48±6.54) points and (68.34-±-6.22) points respectively,the Kujala scores of claudication,walking distance,bearing weight,squat,up and down stairs,jumping,running,knee pain,long time kneebend,abnormal patellofemoral activity,anterior knee swelling,knee bending limitation,thigh muscle atrophy in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Arthroscopic debridement combined with patellofemoral peripheral denervation surgery in the treatment of patellofemoral osteoarthritis can obviously relieve pain and improves the knee function and patellofemoral joint function.

Objective To develop a new method of treating fractures and nonunion of radial and ulnar diaphyses. Methods We designed a kind of radius-ulna shape memory connector (RSMC) on the basis of the shape memory property of nitinol alloy and the anatomic characteristics of radial and ulnar diaphyses. It is capable of providing 3-D fixation and exerting continually longitudinal compression upon fracture sites. It was used in 31 cases (57 bones) of fresh fractures and 39 cases (53 bones) of nonunion, totaling 70 cases (110 bones). Results The mean follow-up time was 1.5 years(from 7 months to 2 years). In the fresh fracture group, no delayed union or nonunion was observed, and the solid bone healing time averaged 2.3 months. In the nonunion group, all the cases were cured at one time and the solid bone healing time averaged 3.5 months, but two cases were complicated with slight skin infection which had little influence on the internal fixation and bone healing. Conclusion RSMC can provide a new and efficacious method for the treatment of fracture and nonunion of radial and ulnar diaphyses.

Objective To investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for retroperitoneal paragangliomas and to enhance the diag?nostic and therapeutic levels of retroperitoneal paragangliomas. Methods The clinical data of 49 patients having retroperitoneal paragangliomas were retrospectively analyzed. We studied 21 males and 28 females between an age range 17 and 72 years(mean 45.6 years). Hypertension was observed in 19 patients,9 patients suffered from lumbago or abdominal pain,and an abdominal mass was noted in 2 cases. Physical examination re?vealed paragangliomas in 17 patients. The positive rate of localization was 77.5%(31/40),96.0%(47/49),and 100%(10/10)using B?ultra?sound,computed tomography,and MRI respectively. Serum catecholamines were measured in 19 patients,of which 16 cases(84.2%)showed ele?vated levels. Results In our study,49 patients underwent open surgery,5 patients showed multiple tumors,and 56 tumors were found during sur?gery. The most common tumor location was periaortic and pericaval(71.4%,40/56). There were 51 cases of surgery in 49 patients. 54 tumors of 49 cases were totally resected. The tumors measured 1.5?20.0 cm in diameter with a mean diameter 6.7 cm. 75%tumors had integral pelos,14.2%(8/56)invaded the surrounding organs and vessels,and 10.7%(6/56)required resection of adjacent organs. We followed up 43 patients between 6 and 138 months after surgery. Postsurgical recurrence was noted in 4 patients,and 2 patients developed metastases. One patient died from metas?tasis during the follow?up period. Conclusion Surgical resection might be the most effective method for treatment of retroperitoneal paraganglio?mas. Sufficient preoperative and perioperative management might be the key point of successful surgery. Lifelong follow?up is important as recur?rent tumors need resection.

Objective To investigate the variability of katG gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in China,and screen the new isoniazid resistance related mutation sites meanwhile. Methods 429 clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were included in our research.PCR-RFLP method was applied to screen for the S315T mutation firstly.Whole katG gene sequencing was done in those resistant strains without S315T mutation to explore the unknown mutated sites associated with isoniazid resistance.Results S315 mutation were found in 76.9% (166/216)resistant stains. Complete or part deletion of katG gene was detected in 2 highly-resistant isolates.Sequencing in 48 resistant strains showed that 315,463 and 234 sites were the most frequent mutation sites,other sites were also found but distributed dispersedly with low prevalence rate as less than 5%.Besides S315T, S315N were also common in China (8.7%).The most common variation is still site mutation.Con- clusions The results from the study of genotypes associated with most common clinical resistant phe notypes can be helpful to develop new methods to detect the resistant M.tuberculosis.

Objective:To examine the sodium-hydrogen exchanger(NHE-1) m RNA expression in lung of patients with congenital heart disease,and to explain the cause of pulmonary vascular remodeling.Methods:Twenty-two patients with congenital heart disease were divided into 2 groups:non-pulmonary-hypertension group(s PAP

Objective To develop a new Multiplex Allele-Specific polymerase chain reaction(MAS-PCR) assay to detect the main point mutations in the katG and rpoB genes, which has been reported to account for the majority of clinical Mycobaterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and rifampin. Methods Based on the sequences of katG and rpoB genes, specific primers were designed to carry out the MAS-PCR to detect the most common mutations in codon315 of katG and codons 531,526,516 of rpoB gene. Results The purified DNA preparation of 96 clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were used to optimize PCR. No mutation was detected in 19 isoniazid-sensitive strains. The 315Ser point mutation was detected in 79.2%(61/77)of isoniazid-resistant strains, the type of mutation includes the most common S315T and the less common S315N, which could’t be detected by PCR-RFLP(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). However, S315G couldn’t be detected by MAS-PCR and that will make a false negative. The mutations in codons 531,526,516 were detected by the MAS-PCR. Compared with the results of direct sequencing of rpoB gene, no mutation was detected in sensitive strains. For rifampin-resistant strains, the total sensitivity was 81.5%(66/81). Conclusions MAS-PCR is a new molecular method with high sensitivity and specificity, which can be used to detect the point mutation in katG and rpoB gene rapidly and economically. It can be used in clinical laboratories to detect drug-resistant tuberculosis strains. Simultaneous detection for katG and rpoB gene mutations in one MAS-PCR system will help to improve the efficiency of this method.

Objective To understand the indoor air pollution caused by smoking and the influencing factors.Methods On the different time after and before smoking,the concentrations of carbon monoxide(CO),inhalabe particle(IP),formaldehyde,total volatile organic compounds(TVOC) in the air in an office were determined,the influence factors such as ventilated conditions and the number of smokers were investigated.Results When the windows and doors were closed,the concentrations of indoor air pollutants at the different time after smoking in the office were obviously higher than those without smoking,and formaldehyde and TVOC still exceeded the standard limit after 3 hours.When the windows and doors were opened,the concentrations of indoor air pollutants after smoking increased obviously,but decreased to the level of no smoking about 30 minutes later.When the windows and doors were opened,the peak values of the indoor air pollutants resulted by smoking were obviously lower than those when the windows and doors were closed.The peak values of the pollutants were positively related to the number of smokers. Conclusion Indoor air pollution caused by smoking is serious.Ventilation can reduce the indoor air pollution effectively.

Objective To introduce a new technique for treatment acetabular fractures with nitinol tridimensional internal fixation system. Methods According to the characteristics of nitinol and acetabular anatomy, a new internal fixation system for acetabular fracture, acetabular tridimensional memoryalloy-fixation system (ATMFS), was designed. This system consisted of anterior column, posterior column, arch teeth and trochanter device. During operation, these devices were transformed in iced water first, after fracture reduction they were inserted into bones, finally, these devices were reverted to their original shape by warm saline. Till October 2001, 41 cases acetabular fractures were treated with this system. All these cases were followed from 6 to 28 months. Results This system could transform the complicated and comminuted fracture to its anatomic position, and was easy to use in operation. Bone healing time averaged 1.6 months in 38 cases, and the hip function recovered time averaged 2.5 months. Heterotopic ossification which led to joint functional disturbance in one case, and myositis ossificans which caused joint dysfunction in two cases. One case was complicated by infection which was cured and good function was reserved. Conclusion ATMFS provides a new and efficacious method for the anatomic reduction or reconstruction of comminuted acetabular fractures.