Obgective To analyze the demographic data,non-specific items,pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity between the children with early-onset and late-onset sepsis,in order to guide the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis.Methods Three hundred and fifty-two cases with positive blood culture were retrospectively recruited and divided into an early-onset group and a late-onset sepsis group according to the onset of sepsis.Results Of 352 cases,144 cases (40.91％) were the early-onset children while 208 cases (59.09％) were the late-onset children,and in the late-onset group,108 cases occurred due to nosocomial infection.Most neonates of the early-onset term were term infants [107/144 cases (74.31％)],while the preterm infants [77/208 cases (37.02％)] and low birth weight infants[70/208 cases(33.65％)] accounted for the majority of the late-onset group.The asphyxia,perinatal intrauterine distress,meconium-staining amniotic fluid and premature rupture of fetal membranes ≥ 18 h occurred more frequently in the early-onset group [21/144 cases (14.58％),14/144 cases (9.72％),26/144 cases (18.06％),31/144 cases (21.53％)],respectively,while those in the late-onset group were [17/208 cases (8.17％),9/208 cases(4.33％),13/208 cases(6.25％),17/208 cases(8.17％)],respectively,there were significant differences (x2 =4.622,3.886,5.950,13.345,all P ＜ 0.05) between 2 groups.In the early-onset group abnormal temperature[72/208 cases(34.62％)vs 30/144 cases(20.83％)],vomiting or abdominal distention[109/208 cases (52.40％) vs 35/144 cases (24.31％)],lethargy [79/208 cases (37.98％) vs 38/144 cases (26.39 ％)] and umbilicalitis or skin pustule [33/208 cases (15.87 ％) vs 11 / 1 44 cases (7.64 ％)] occurred more frequently in late-onset group,and there were significant differences (x2 =7.853,8.763,5.153,5.265,all P ＜ 0.05).Besides,more cases in the late-onset group had elevated immature neutrophil vs total neutrophil count ratio [27/184 cases (14.67％)] and C-reactive protein value [76/206 cases (36.89％)],compared with those in early-onset group [9/133 cases (6.77％),38/143 cases(26.57％)],and there were significant differences (x2 =4.794,4.087,allP ＜ 0.05).Compared with early-onset group,patients in the late-onset group were more likely to suffer from suppurative meningitis [17.79％ (37/208 cases) vs 8.33％ (12/144 cases);x2 =6.348,P ＜ 0.05].In terms of pathogens,the main pathogens in the early-onset group were gram negative bacteria[39.58％ (57/144 cases),including detection of Klebisella pneumoniae in 21 cases and E.coli in 20 cases] and coagulase negative staphylococcus[32.64％ (47/144 cases)].In late-onset group,the main pathogens were gram positive bacteria [58.65％ (122/208 cases)],including detection of coagulase negative staphylococcus in 90 cases(43.27％) and E.coli [17.79％ (37/208 cases)].There was no significant difference in prognosis between 2 groups(x2 =1.187,P =0.552).Conclusions Early-onset sepsis and late onset sepsis differ in the clinical manifestation and laboratory findings.Distinguishing neonatal early-onset and late onset septicemia is of clinical significance in choosing appropriate antibiotics.

Objective: To study the main pharmacodynamics of Zengguang Tablets. Methods: Mice were given Zengguang Tablets orally in dosages of 0.75g/kg and 1.50 g/kg. The celiac macrophage phagocytic function and antibody formation of serum hemolysin (IgM) of mice were determined. The mouse blood vacuity model was established by injecting cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally in the dosage of 80mg/kg. Results: Zengguang Tablets could raise the celiac macrophage phagocytic function of mice and promote the antibody formation of serum hemolysin. Conclusion: Zengguang Tablets has the enhancement on organism immune function.

Objective To explore the feasibility of endovascular intervention for the treatment of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome ( KTWS ). Methods Fourteen KTWS patients underwent arteriography followed by endovascular intervention with bleomycin( A5) + extraliquid lipiodol, PVA, NBCA, steel coil, respectively. Results Both haemangioma ( nevus) lesion and varicosities of the superficial vein in the involved limb improved in all 14 patients significantly. Main complications were pain, swelling of the embolized area. Severe swelling of the whole limb occurred in 3 cases, which subsided spontaneously within 7 - 9 days. At one month follow-up limb girth at the middle part of the thigh and at the point of 10 cm below the knee reduced by 2. 1 ?0. 3 cm and 2.0 ?0.2 cm respectively. Preoperative lymphatic edema of the limb in 3 cases (3/4) and the regurgitation of the superficial femoral vein in 3 cases also improved significantly. Conclusion Endovascular intervention of KTWS leads to symptomatic improvement of patients with KTWS.

Objective To assess the current situation and quality of clinical randomized controlled trials(RCTs) designed for accessing the treatment of depressive neurosis with acupuncture and moxibustion. Methods Relative clinical research literatures published from year 1980 to 2008 were collected, and composed into "evaluation to all literature of acupuncture and moxibustion treating depressive neurosis message table", according to the clinical epidemic disease and EBM. The quality evaluation on these trails were performed. Results There were altogether 15 articles included in this study. Among them, 5 articles used the correct randomized controlled trials (33.3%), 10 articles used the diagnostic criteria (66.6%), 10 articles used excluded criteria (66.6%), 12 articles used the therapeutic evaluation criteria (80%), 4 articles used blind treals (26.7%), 5 articles reported quit cases (33.3%), and 9 articles reported the adopted statistical methods (60%)4 articles Conclusion The quality of RCT of acupuncture and moxibustion for depressive neurosis needs to be improved.

Objective To establish a method for qualitative identification of polymorphs in pharmaceutical solid preparations of active pharmaceutical ingredients ( API ) . Methods We obtained the powder diffraction patterns of the polymorphic drug substance like nimodipine and roxithromycin in solid preparation material and completed quantitative identification for polymorphs by the quantitative detection and using PXRD technology, deduction calculation through the powder X-ray diffraction and comparing with standard diagram. Results Through the analysis of nimodipine and roxithromycin which came from 27 batches of solid preparations from 11 different manufacturers, and comparing to the standard patterns of pure polymorphs, the quantitative identification of different crystalline states of API in pharmaceutical preparations had been established. Conclusion The qualitative detection method for polymorphs of API in pharmaceutical preparations by powder X-ray diffraction has wide applicability and high accuracy, which can be used to identify the polymorphism of API in solid preparation,and also used to control the quality of solid preparations commonly as a qualitative analysis method.

The structure and properties about encoding protein of lactate dehydrogenase A from Taenia solium(Ts LDH-A)were analyzed and predicted by bioinformatics in this study.The immunological characteristics of this novel gene were also analyzed by cloning and expressing.The full-length cDNA encoding Ts LDH-A was identified from the cDNA plasmid library by blastx and rpsblast programs provided by NCBI.The physico-chemical properties and structures of Ts LDH-A were analyzed by tools provided by ExPASy.And the B cell epitopes of Ts LDH-A were predicted by the B Cell Epitope Prediction Tools provided by IEDB Analysis Resource.The PCR amplified coding region of Ts LDH-A was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a (+) and expressed in E.coli BL21 with IPTG induction.The immunogenicity of the purified recombinant protein was analyzed by Western Blotting.It was demonstrated that the amino acid sequence of Ts LDH-A had identity with that of LDH-A from other specie and there was a conserved LDH domain in the deduced amino acid sequence.The full-length cDNA sequence encoding Ts LDH-A included a complete open reading frame(ORF)of 1332 bp and coded to a putative protein with 331 amino acids.The molecular weight of Ts LDH-A was predicted to be 35461.1 Da and the coding protein was demonstrated to contain 3 trans-membrane regions and 4 main B cell epitopes.The active site of L-lactate dehydrogenase located at the epitope aa190-199.The 3 key residues in the catalytic site of enzyme were conserved in different species and located near to each other in spatial position.PCR,double enzyme restriction and DNA sequencing were used to identify pET28a (+)-Ts LDH-A.The recombinant protein could react with the rat's sera as well as the sera from the patients and the swine infected Taenia solium.It is clear that the full-length cDNA sequence encoding Ts LDH-A can be screened from the cDNA library of adult Taenia solium by bioinformatics analysis and can be used to investigate the structure and properties about gene and encoding protein of Ts LDH-A as well as the immunological activities of gene expression in the prokaryotic system.

Four crystalline forms of clopidogrel bisulfate were characterized by analytical techniques. Aiming to research the absorption characteristics of clopidogrel bisulfate polymorphs after taken orally by rat, and to estimate the influence of crystal form to pharmacodynamic action, four crystalline forms of clopidogrel bisulfate were administered intragastrically to rats, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the contents of clopidogrel bisulfate and its metabolite in rat plasma. The metabolite of clopidogrel bisulfate was detected in rat plasma. There were significant deviations among four crystalline forms in the areas under curve of the metabolite of clopidogrel bisulfate. We concluded that the different crystal forms of clopidogrel bisulfate showed different pharmacokinetic characteristics, which might affect pharmacodynamic action.

Objective To study the effect of Xin Kang Injection on cardiac function of rats with adriamycin-induced myocarditis and to explore its pharmacological mechanism.Methods Seventy Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups:normal control group,model group,three-dosage Xin Kang Injection groups(high-,moderate-and low-dosage respectively),deslanoside group,and Huangqi group.The myocarditis rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin.Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP),left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),heart rate(HR),T value,and ? DP/DTmax were observed.Results LVSP,+ DP/DTmax in the treatment groups were higher and-DP/DTmax lower than those in the model group(P

Objective To appraise the safety and validity of early enteral nutrition on the course on treating severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods The clinical data of 71 patients with SAP were analyzed retrospectively. The album, prealbumin, TNF-β,CD4/CD8,IgG were observed. All the patients were randomly divided into two groups: enteral nutrition(EN)group for 36 patients and total parenteral nutrition(TPN)group for 35 patients. Results Fourteen days after treatment,CD4/CD8 and IgG in EN group were significantly increased than those in TPN group(P＜0.05),and prealbumin level in EN group significantly elevated(P＜0.05)and was higher than that in TPN group(P＜0.05).After treatment,TNF-α level in EN group significantly depressed(P＜0.05)and was lower than that in TPN group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Early enteral nutrition is safe and valid, and can promote albumin synthesis and prealbumin levels to improve their nutrition in patients with SAP, and may build-up the barrier of enteric mucosa to prevent bacterial shift, reduce systemic inflammatory reaction and improve its prognosis.

Salvianolic acid A is a water-soluble component from Danshen, which is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine. High performance liquid chromatography was often used to analyze content of salvianolic acid A. The yield of salvianolic acid A increased by the technological improvement of extraction and separation. Salvianolic acid A possessed multiple pharmacological activities, including antioxidants, myocardial ischemic protection, antithrombatic, neuroprotection, anti fibrosis, prevention of diabetes and complications. Recently, preliminary pharmacokinetics characteristics of salvianolic acid A were clarified. Based on the research literature and study work from author's laboratory, this review will focus on recent developments concerning the chemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetic of salvianolic acid A, and prospect further research.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lactates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry