Objective To investigate the clinical application of CT perfusion imaging in assessing the hemodynamic changes in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (<5 cm) before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods Twelve patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma were enrolled in this study. CT perfusion imaging of the liver was performed 1 - 2 days before and 3 - 4 weeks after TACE. By using the perfusion parameters the hemodynamics of the preoperative and postoperative tumor tissue, the hemodynamics of the preoperative tumor tissue and the normal tissue, and the hemodynamics of the postoperative active tumor tissue and the normal tissue were determined , and the results were compared between each other. Results Before TACE, the blood flow (BF), hepatic arterial fraction (HAF), hepatic arterial perfusion (HAP) and permeability of surface (PS) in the tumor tissue were significantly higher than those in the normal tissue (P < 0.01), while after TACE all the perfusion parameters except blood volume (BV) were significantly decreased in the tumor tissue (P < 0.01). After TACE, BF, PS, HAF and HAP in the activity tumor tissue were increased more than those in the normal tissue (P < 0.05). Conclusion CT perfusion imaging is of great clinical value in diagnosing < 5 cm hepatocellular carcinoma , in evaluating the hemodynamic changes after TACE and in demonstrating the activity of the residual tumor tissue.

Objective: To develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 3 anthraquinones components in Knoxia valerianoides.Methods: The separation was performed on a Waters Xbridge C18column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm), the mobile phase A was 0.05% phosphoric acid, and acetonitrile served as the mobile phase B, and the analysis was with gradient elution;the flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1;the detection wavelength was 280 nm;the column temperature was 30℃.Results: The linearity of lucidin, 3-hydroxymorindone and knoxiadin was 0.147-29.400 μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 6), 0.126-25.200μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 9) and 0.135-27.000μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 5), and the average recovery was 98.50%(RSD=1.20%), 98.72%(RSD=0.73%) and 101.10%(RSD=1.12%)(n=6), respectively.Conclusion: The developed method for the simultaneous determination of 3 components can be used to control the quality of Yunnan Knoxia valerianoides.

Objective To investigate the effect of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) inhibitor aminoguanidine on pancreas islets cultured with cytokines TNF-? and IL-1? in rats.Methods Islets isolated from Wistar rats were purified and cultured.According to whether cytokines TNF-?,IL-1? and aminoguanidine were added into the medium respectively or not,islets were divided into 4 groups: cultured with islet only was taken as blank control group,cultured with TNF-?+IL-1? as cytokine group,cultured with aminoguanidine as aminoguanidine group,and cultured with TNF-?+IL-1? and aminoguanidine as aminoguanidine+cytokine group.NO level in culture medium and iNOS activity in islets tissue(Test Kit),apoptosis(TUNEL method) and viability of islets cell(acridine orange/ethidium bromide stain),and the function of islets(insulin release test) were measured.Results Compared with blank control group,the activity of iNOS in islet tissue and level of NO in culture medium increased,and the mass mortality and apoptosis appeared in islet cells,while insulin secretion decreased in cytokine group(P

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination gensenoside Rg1 , Rb1 and notogensenoside R1 in Sanqi Jiegu pills and to investigate the stability of saponins in the granulation process. Methods:The separation was performes on a COSMO-SIL 5 C18 MS-II(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm)column with gradient elution using water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase, the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 , the detection wavelength was 203nm, the column temperature was 30℃, and the injection volume was 10 μl. The content change of triterpene saponins in Sanqi Jiegu pills prepared by the granulation process at different drying temperature was al-so investigated. Results:The linearity of notogenoside R1 , gensenoside Rg1 and gensenoside Rb1 was good within the range of 0. 211 8-2.648 0 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 7),0.566 1-7.076 0 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 7) and 0.317 2-3.964 5μg·ml-1(r=0.999 7) with the average recovery of 98. 2%(RSD=0. 82%,n=6), 98. 1%(RSD=0. 72%,n=6) and 98. 1%(RSD=0. 59%,n=6),respectively. The content of saponins in Saqi Jiegu pills was decreased obviously with the increase of the drying temperature. Conclusion:The meth-od is simple, quick and reliable, and can be applied in the quality control of Sanqi Jiegu pills. It is recommended that the drying tem-perature in the granulation process should be controlled below 60℃.

BACKGROUND:When immunological rejection occurs following liver transplantation,liver cells are destroyed by infiltrated T lymphocytes,leading to progressive deterioration of hepatic function owing to reduction of liver cells.Induction of immunological tolerance of liver transplantation remains a challenge.OBJECTIVE:To observe the influences of pretransplant intraportal infusion of recipient blood into donor on the apoptosis of hepatic allograft-infiltrating T lymphocytes in rats.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled,animal experiment was performed at the Organ Transplant Unit,China University between May 2002 and May 2004.MATERIALS:Inbred rats were developed into models of orthotopic liver transplantation.Twenty-four female ACI rats(RT1a)served as donors,and an additional twenty-four male LEW rats(RT11)served as recipients.METHODS:A modification of cuff method was employed for orthotopic liver transplantation in rats.Twenty-four recipient rats recipient blood was infused into each donor rat via the portal vein.All blood infusions were performed 7 days prior to liver transplantation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Rat survival time,serum content of γ- interferon,histological changes of hepatic allograft,number of dendritic cells in the hepatic allograft,and T lymphocyte apoptosis following liver transplantation.RESULTS:Rat survival time was significantly longer in the intraportal infusion of non-recipient blood group than in the control group(P＜0.01).At 3 and 5 days after liver transplantation,the intraportal infusion of non-recipient blood group exhibited significantly higher serum content of y- interferon than the control group(P＜0.05).No significant differences in rat survival time and serum content of γ- interferon were found between intraportal infusion of non-recipient blood and intraportal infusion of non-recipient blood groups and control group(P＞0.05).In the intraportal infusion of non-recipient blood group,infiltrated T lymphocytes in the hepatic allograft were significantly reduced,and a large number of donor-sourced dendritic cells were detected.The number of apoptotic cells per square millimeter of hepatic tissue was significantly higher in the intraportal infusion of non-recipient blood group than in the control group(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Pretransplant intraportal infusion of recipient blood into donor can prolong the survival time of hepatic allograft and promote the apoptosis of hepatic allograft-infiltrating T lymphocytes.

The morphological and molecular identifications of Cyclospora-like oocysts of dogs were underwent in the present study, in which the morphological characteristics of the Cyclospora-like oocysts firstly found in the stool samples of dogs, such as shape, size, acid-fast staining,sporulation and auto-fluorescene, were observed. According to the published sequence of the rDNA gene of Cyclospora in GenBank, 3 primers were designed and were used to amplify part of the 18S rDNA gene of dog-associated Cyclospora-like organism by nested PCR.The amplicons were purified and cloned into vector pMD19T. Then, the positive clones screened were sequenced and subjected to sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis. It was found that the morphological charactertistics of the Cyclospora-like oocysts in dogs were similar to that of the human Cyclospoa oocysts and the size of-the amplified fragment of 18S rDNA was proved to be 715 bp, that was identical to that of the target fragment. Based on the results of sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis, the dog-associated Cyclospora-like organism was identified as the Cyclospora species.

Objective To establish a method for qualitative identification of polymorphs in pharmaceutical solid preparations of active pharmaceutical ingredients ( API ) . Methods We obtained the powder diffraction patterns of the polymorphic drug substance like nimodipine and roxithromycin in solid preparation material and completed quantitative identification for polymorphs by the quantitative detection and using PXRD technology, deduction calculation through the powder X-ray diffraction and comparing with standard diagram. Results Through the analysis of nimodipine and roxithromycin which came from 27 batches of solid preparations from 11 different manufacturers, and comparing to the standard patterns of pure polymorphs, the quantitative identification of different crystalline states of API in pharmaceutical preparations had been established. Conclusion The qualitative detection method for polymorphs of API in pharmaceutical preparations by powder X-ray diffraction has wide applicability and high accuracy, which can be used to identify the polymorphism of API in solid preparation,and also used to control the quality of solid preparations commonly as a qualitative analysis method.

Objective:To explore the metabolic regulations of different Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes in the diabetic patients with high risk for foot ulceration.Methods:Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometer and multi-dimensional data processing methods, the metabolomics analysis was used to compare the serum metabolites profile of healthy people (32 cases) and the high-risk foot patients in Cold and Blood Stagnation syndrome (44 cases), Heat-toxin hurting Yin syndrome (54 cases), and Qi-Blood deficiency syndrome (33 cases), who were hospitalized at Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital from Apirl to December, 2018.Results:This study suggested that compared with healthy people, the diabetic patients with high risk for foot ulceration showed significantly lower serum level of urea [(2.41 ± 1.57)×10 5vs. (3.32 ± 2.10)×10 5], L-leucine [(4.94 ± 3.15)×10 5vs. (6.39 ± 3.57)×10 5], aspartic acid [(3.94 ± 4.48)×10 5vs. (9.62 ± 6.93)×10 5], 9H-purine [(1.74 ± 1.95)×10 5vs. (3.34 ± 2.23)×10 5] ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), while higher level of d-Glucose [(3.72 ± 1.71)×10 5vs. (2.21 ± 1.32)×10 5] and d-glucopyranose [(3.32 ± 2.10)×10 5vs. (1.35 ± 1.43)×10 5] ( P<0.01). Energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and sugar metabolism were mainly involved. the content of L-tyrosine in the group of patients with Cold and Blood Stagnation syndromewas significantly higher than that in healthy people. The urea, purine, leucine, aspartic acidcontent in patients of Heat-toxin hurting Yin syndrome were significantly lower than that in healthy people. The purine content in patients of Qi and Blood Deficiency Syndrome was significantly lower than that in healthy people. Compared with the syndrome of Heat-toxin hurting Yin syndrome, patients in Cold and Blood Stagnation syndrome showed a significantly higher content of beta-1-galactopyranoside and butanoic acid. Compared to the Qi-Blood deficiency syndrome, serum urea level in patients of Heat-toxin hurting Yin syndrome was significantly higher than those in the patients of other two TCM syndromes. Conclusions:The serum metabolomics profiling differentiate three TCM-syndrome in high-risk DF patients, which can provide objective basis for clinical TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of high-risk diabetic foot patients.

Objective:Anti-synthase syndrome (ASS) is a rare autoimmune disease. To increase the understanding of the disease and reduce the rate of miss diagnosis.Methods:The clinical data of 8 patients with positive anti-synthase antibody afterprimary Sj?gren's syndrome (pSS) were retrospectively analyzed and descriptive statistical analysis was carried out.Results:The diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) was in accordance with the revised European criteriaof SS issued by the US-Europe consensus Group in 2002 or the classification criteria of American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) SS in 2016, and the diagnostic ASS was in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of Conners in 2010 or Solomon in 2011. Eight(100%) patients had a history of interstitial lung disease, and 7 (88%) patients had fever (oral temperature >38.5 ℃). All patients were positive for anti-Ro-52 antibody, 4 patients were positive for anti-PL-7 antibody, 2 patients were positive for anti-EJ antibody, 1 patient was positive for both anti-PL-7 antibody and anti-EJ antibody, and 1 patient was positive for anti-PL-12.Conclusion:pSS patients with severe interstitial lung disease or high fever of unknown causes should be screened for anti-synthase antibodies and the possibility of ASS.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the role of alveolar macrophage activation in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) associated with lung injury.

METHODS30 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6): normal control group, one-hour group, three-hour group, six-hour group and twelve-hour group after ANP induction. ANP was induced by intraductal administration of 3% sodium taurocholate, while the normal control received an infusion of physiological saline. Alveolar macrophages were harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage. The protein content of lavage fluids, the myeloperoxidase of lung tissue (MPO), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and nitric oxide (NO) secreted by alveolar macrophages were examined. The expression of TNFalpha mRNA and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA was measured with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. Histology of the lung and pancreas was scored in a blinded fashion.

RESULTSLung injury was gradually aggravated with disease progression. The level of myeloperoxidase of lung tissue and protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids increased progressively and reached the peak at 12 hour [(10.78 +/- 0.58) U/g for MPO and (2 011.0 +/- 105.5) micro g/ml for protein respectively]. TNFalpha and NO secreted by alveolar macrophages were gradually elevated and peaked on the sixth hour, the maximums were (1 624.2 +/- 149.2) pg/ml and (88.8 +/- 6.5) micro mol/L respectively, but decreased on the twelfth hour. The expression of TNFalpha mRNA and iNOS mRNA was similar with the changes of TNFalpha and NO, upregulated after induction of acute necrotizing pancreatitis and reached their peaks on the sixth hour, then downregulated on the twelfth hour. All the parameters of ANP groups compared to control group were statistical significant (P < 0.05). The histology scores demonstrated an increasing damage of the lung. The expression of TNFalpha mRNA and iNOS mRNA is closely related to lung injury (r = 0.67 for TNFalpha mRNA and r = 0.64 for iNOS mRNA respectively, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe activation of alveolar macrophage may play an important role in lung injury associated with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Female ; Lung ; pathology ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; physiology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; genetics ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing ; complications ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; etiology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics