Four crystalline forms of clopidogrel bisulfate were characterized by analytical techniques. Aiming to research the absorption characteristics of clopidogrel bisulfate polymorphs after taken orally by rat, and to estimate the influence of crystal form to pharmacodynamic action, four crystalline forms of clopidogrel bisulfate were administered intragastrically to rats, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the contents of clopidogrel bisulfate and its metabolite in rat plasma. The metabolite of clopidogrel bisulfate was detected in rat plasma. There were significant deviations among four crystalline forms in the areas under curve of the metabolite of clopidogrel bisulfate. We concluded that the different crystal forms of clopidogrel bisulfate showed different pharmacokinetic characteristics, which might affect pharmacodynamic action.

Aiming at the application of big data of biobank , this paper briefly analyzed the ethical and legal is-sues.Combined with the potential legal attribute of biobank namely creditor ' s right, virtual property right , and new intellectual property right , this paper also detailed the legal basis of biobank .Regarding the disputes existing in the big data ' s ownership of biobank and non -establishment of the sharing system of big data , this paper mean-while put forward some planning assumptions and suggestions .Firstly, the boundary between privacy protection and the development of big data should be determined .Secondly , the legal attribute and ownership of the big data of biobank should be confirmed .Finally, it should establish a sharing system of biobank when strengthen the protec-tion of intellectual property right .

Objective: To investigate the impact of bladder filling status on the movement of uterine and on the volume of organs at risk(OAR), so as to provide theoretical basis for individualized internal target volume (ITV) and planning target volume (PTV). Methods: Simulation CT images for a total of 27 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer were acquired with empty bladder, 1.0 h after bladder filling, 1.5 h after bladder filling, respectively. The volumes of uterine corpus, cervix, OARs, CTV and PTV 1.0 h after bladder filling were delineated. The impact of bladder filling status on the displacements of cervix and corpus, volumetric changes of rectum, small intestine, and the volumes of small intestine, bladder and rectum within PTV were analyzed. The correlation between bladder filling status and uterine displacement and volume of OAR was also investigated, as well as the volume of cervix and corpus in the PTV with empty bladder and 1.5 h after bladder filling. Results: Bladder filling status is different for individual cases. The maximum movement range of cervix and uterine body with bladder filling state was 0-3.04 cm and 0-4.31 cm respectively. The anterior displacements of corpus (F=7.818, P<0.05), the volumetric changes of blander, as well the volume of bladder and small intestine in the PTV (F=46.197, 44.609, 29.546, P<0.05) were significantly different between different bladder filling status. The bladder filling status was correlated with the displacements of the anterior of corpus, volumetric changes of small intestine, and the volumes of bladder and small intestine within the PTV (r=-0.232, -0.298, 0.915, -0.336, P<0.05). The volumes of cervix and corpus out of the PTV were significantly different between the empty bladder and 1.5 h after bladder filling (t=-1.326, -1.559, P<0.05). Conclusions Bladder filling status was different for individual patients. The displacements of the anterior of the corpus were significantly affected by the bladder filling status. Increasing the anterior margin of PTV was recommended. The consistency of bladder filling status was critical for the precise cervical cancer IMRT.

The tumors of central nervous system refer to a group of benign and malignant diseases originating from tissues or structures within the central nervous system. Common tumors of central nervous system are sporadic, but a few have familial onset. Compared with sporadic brain tumors, the clinical symptoms, diagnostic ideas and follow-up review plans of familial brain tumors are more complicated. The multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment (MDT) mode usually refers to a treatment mode in which a case involving multiple organs and systems is discussed, and the best treatment plan is formulated for the patient based on the comprehensive opinions of various disciplines. Because familial brain tumors often involve multiple organs, multiple disciplines and multiple systems, and their low incidence leads to less clinical experience for neurosurgeons, the MDT model is more conducive to efficient diagnosis, treatment and management of familial brain tumors. This review elaborates on the neurosurgeon-led MDT model, and introduces the latest research on the epidemiology, genetic characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic ideas and multidisciplinary management of familial brain tumors.

Objective Compared with chest CT,endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) can more accurately determine the upper and lower margins of esophageal cancer,and marking the upper and lower margins of the esophageal cancer with titanium clip contributes to the delineation of target area of esophageal cancer during radiotherapy.To compare the effects of esophageal X-ray,chest computed tomography (CT)scan and EUS-assisted placement of marker clip in the determination of the length of gross target volume (GTV),aiming to provide reference for the determination of GTV during esophageal cancer radiotherapy.Methods Thirty patients who were initially diagnosed with thoracic esophageal cancer by histological and cytological examinations and scheduled to receive radiotherapy were recruited in this investigation.All patients received esophageal X-ray,CT scan,and EUS-assisted placement of marker clip.The length of GTV was quantitatively measured and statistically compared among three different methods.Results The length of GTV was (6.1 ± 1.4) cm,(6.8± 1.9) cm and (6.3± 1.9) cm determined by esophageal X-ray,CT scan and EUS-assisted placement of marker clip,respectively.Compared with CT scan,the length of GTV determined by EUS-assisted placement of marker clip did not significantly differ (P=0.11).The length of GTV determined by esophageal X-ray was significantly shorter than that by CT scan (P =0.03).Among all patients,the length of GTV determined by EUS-assisted placement of marker clip was longer compared with that by chest CT scan in 22.2％ of patients.The length of GTV determined by EUS-assisted placement of marker clip was the same as that by chest CT scan in 11.1％ of patients.The length of GTV determined by EUS-assisted placement of marker clip was shorter compared with that by chest CT scan in 66.7％ of patients.Conclusions EUS-assisted placement of marker clip differs from esophageal X-ray and CT scan in determining the length of GTV,which acts as one of the effective methods in the determination of the length of GTV during esophageal cancer radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the effect of decitabine (DAC) on human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line HL-60 and the regulating of natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor (NKG2D) ligands(NKG2DL), and to detect the molecular mechanism of JAK-STAT3-SOCS signaling pathway. Methods The effect of DAC on the proliferation of HL-60 was detected by using CCK-8 assay. The cell apoptosis was analyzed by using Annexin-V/PI double standard method. The expressions of receptor NKG2DL including MICA/B and ULBPs in HL-60 cells were detected by using flow cytometry (FCM). The killing activity of NK cells was analyzed by using carboxy fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE). The expressions of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway or molecules including STAT3, its upstream kinases JAK1, JAK2 and the negative regulator of STAT3,SOCS-1,SOCS-3 were examined by Western blot.Methylation level of the SOCS-1,SOCS-3 gene after the treatment of DAC was analyzed by using methylation-sensitive high resolution melting(MS-HRM). Results There was an obvious inhibitory effect of DAC on HL-60 cells. The cell viability of HL-60 treated with 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 μmol/L DAC for 48 h was decreased by (25±11) %, (39±8) % and (50±7)%(P<0.01)respectively compared with those cells without DAC treatment.The incidence of apoptosis was (24.77±7.50) %, (27.10±4.48) % and (30.53±3.93) % after DAC treatment for 48h respectively, which were higher than that of untreated cells[(3.11±0.50)%](P<0.01).DAC induced a significant up-regulation of MICA/B, ULBP-1, ULBP-3 in HL-60 cells, and enhanced the sensitivity of HL-60 cells to NK cytotoxicity. Western blot results showed that a down-regulating expression of STAT3 and JAK1, JAK2 protein was detected, in addition to the phosphor-STAT3 and phosphor-JAKs in HL-60 cells after DAC treatment, but the expressions of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 protein were increased. HRM results showed that DAC could inhibit the methylation of SOCS-3 gene. Conclusion DAC can inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells, upregulate the expression of NKG2DL and enhance the cytotoxicity of NK targeted to HL-60 cells, which might be related to the activity regulation of intracellular JAK-STAT3-SOCS signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate high risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)prevalence among married women in Beijing and to study the high risk flactors.nethods During March 2007 to September 2008.a total of 6185 married women sampled from 137 communities in 12 districts were screened bv HR-HPV DNA test and cytogical test.The interview was carried out with unified questionnaires.The databage was set up and twice entered in EpiDam 3.0.After checked up,the data were analyzed in SPSS 15.0.Results (1) The HR-HPV infection rate was 9.89%.The HR-HPV infection rate of the city zone,the suburb and the exurb were 9.34%,10.51% and 9.51% (P>0.05).The HR-HPV infection rate of the native and the oudander were 9.53%,11.30% (P<0.05).(2) The age distribution of HR-HPV infection was that the rate was around 10% among 25 to 44 age groups,which was the highest(11.21%) in 30 to 34 age group;then the rate was descended as the age raising,the rate of 50 to 54 age group was the lowest(7.78%).(3) Multiple logistic regression showed that the related risk factors of HR-HPV infection mainly included 1000 RMB and above of family income per person per month.possessing more than 1 sexual partner of her husband,outlander and hish levels of education.(4) The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)in HR-HPV positive group wag significantly higher than that in HR-HPV negative group(29.76% vs 3.32%,P<0.01).Conclusions(1)The HR-HPV infection rate among aged 25 to 54 years was 9.9% and there was no significant difference in area distribution.(2)The hish risk population which should strengthen screening was the married bearing-age women with high level of family income,outlander,high levels of education and her husband possessing more than 1 sexual partner.(3)HR-HPV infection is the main risk factor for CIN and cervical cancer.while does not provide a causal relationship with them.The high risk population should be checked regularly to understand the development of HR-HPV infection and CIN incidence.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of diabetic patients combined with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to compare the prognosis between diabetic and non- diabetic patients in 4-5 years after the onset of AMI. Methods: Followed the certain inclusive and exclusive criteria, a total of 420 patients with acute myocardial infarction were included and divided into diabetes group (group D) and non-diabetes group (group N) with numbers as 161 people and 259 respectively. Baseline data, clinical information, short-term outcome and long-term prognosis of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: Among the patients with diabetes, the average age was older (65.65±11.33 vs. 63.30±15.34), with fewer males (64.59% vs. 79.92%); and more likely to have other complications as hypertension (64.60% vs. 53.28%) or hyperlipidemia (42.24% vs. 26.25%). 59.29% of the patients in group D showed pathological changes in 3 major coronary arteries, which were significantly more than its counterpart (40.83%). The proportion of patients that had undergone the coronary artery bypass, grafting (11.11% vs. 5.31%) appeared also higher. There was no significant difference seen in the short-term outcomes between the two groups, but results from the long-term follow-up program showed that both the incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) (50.67% vs. 27.72%) and the all-cause mortality (20.00% vs. 9.90%) in group D were higher than those appeared in group N (27.72%). Conclusions Patients suffered from the combination of both diabetes and acute myocardial infarction appeared older in age, more in females, with more complications and the coronary artery lesions were more severe and wider. During hospitalization, no significant difference was seen regarding the short-term outcomes between the two groups but the results from long-term follow-up process showing that the risk of MACE events was significantly higher in patients with type2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE：To study the protective effects of butein on oxidative stress injury of PC12 cell and its effects on mitochondrial function. METHODS：Rats PC12 cells were divided into normal control group，model group，solvent control group（1 ‰ dimethyl sulfoxide），butein high，medium and low concentration groups（2，1，0.5 μmol/L）. The latter 4 groups were given relevant reagent/medicine for intervention；24 h later，other groups were given 100 mU/mL glucose oxidase to induce oxidant stress model except for normal control group. After 4 h culture，cell survival rate，apoptosis rate，the levels or activities of ROS，MDA，SOD，CAT，GSH-Px，ATP，IL-1β and TNF-α as well as the change of MMP were detected. RESULTS：Compared with normal control group，cell survival rate，the levels or activities of SOD，CAT，GSH-Px and ATP were all decreased significantly，and apoptotic rate，the content of ROS，the levels of MDA，IL-1β and TNF-α were all increased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while the MMP was decreased significantly. Compared with model group，above indexes of solvent control group had no significant change （P＞0.05），cell survival rates，the levels or activities of SOD （except for medium and low concentration groups），CAT，GSH-Px（except for medium and low concentration groups），ATP（except for low concentration group）were increased significantly in butein high，medium and low concentration groups，while apoptotic rates，the content of ROS，the levels of MDA，IL-1 β and TNF-α were decreased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while the MMP were increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS：Butein can increase the antioxidant enzyme activity， stabilize mitochondrial function， inhibit oxidative stress and inflammationthus， increase energy generation inhibiting neuronal cell apoptosis ultimately exerting a neuroprotective effect.

Objective: To understand the consciousness of the cancer early detection among urban residents and identify the influencing factors from 2015 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. Self-designed questionnaires were used to collect population, socioeconomic indicators, self-cancer risk assessment, regular participation in physical examination and other information. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors of people who had not regularly participated in the regular physical examination in the past five years. Results: The self-assessment results of 32 357 residents showed that there were 27.54% (8 882) of total study population with self-reported cancer risk, 45.48% (14 671) without cancer risk and 26.98% (8 704) with unclear judgement on their own cancer risk. Among population with cancer risk, 79.84% (7 091) considered physical examination accounted. In the past five years, there were 21 105 (65.43%) residents participated in regular physical examination and 11 148 (34.56%) participated in non-scheduled one, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with unmarried and western region residents, divorced, middle and eastern region residents had a stronger consciousness to participate in the regular physical examination (P<0.05). Compare with residents with annual household income less than 20 000 CNY in 2014, cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, and self-assessment with cancer risk, residents with annual household income between 20 000 CNY and 59 000 CNY in 2014, occupational population, community residents, cancer patients, self-reported cancer-free risk, and self-assessment with unclear judgement of cancer risk were less likely to participate in the regular physical examination (all P values <0.05). Conclusion From 2015 to 2017, the Chinese urban residents had a acceptable consciousness of the cancer early detection. The marital status, annual household income, population group and self-assessment of cancer risk were related to the consciousness of the cancer early detection of people who had not participated in the regular physical examination in the past five years.