Chinese traditional culture is the soil for the survival and development of traditional Chinese medi-cine,among them,the concept of A thing is valued if it is rare portal factions and master has influenced the development,communication and popularization of traditional Chinese medicine.But the spirit and thinking of harmony unity of heaven and man comparative state benevolence and self-cultivation and self-re-straint has played an active role in the development of traditional Chinese medicine.Thus this paper put forward the suggestions and opinions of strengthening the cultivation of humanistic spirit of higher traditional Chinese medi-cine talents:establishing a comprehensive evaluation standards of higher traditional Chinese medicine talents,es-tablishing scientific development concept to treat the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine cul-ture,perfecting the curriculum provision of relevant professions,creating the conducive environment for the trans-mission of traditional Chinese medicine culture,hoping to provide a reference for the explanation of the relationship between traditional culture and traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the associations of a single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin (IL)-6 gene with the migraine of a Han Chinese northeastern population.Methods We collected 252 patients of the migraine attack,who were diagnosed at People' s Hospital of Liaoning Province from March 2012 to June 2013,all being Han nationality in the northeast of China.At the same time,we collected 270 healthy people over the same period who had health examination or were healthy workers of People' s Hospital of Liaoning Province.We used polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing to analyze the genotype and allele frequencies of the-572G/C (rs1800796) IL-6 polymorphisms between migraine cases (n =252;including migraine without aura (MO) group (n =168) and migraine with aura group (n =84);the male group (n =109) and the female group (n =143)) and control group (n =270;the male group (n =116) and the female group (n =152)),as well as analyzed the genotype and allele frequencies distribution between the subgroups.Results We found higher frequencies of the distribution of the C/C genotype and the C allele of the-572G/C polymorphism in migraine cases than in control group (32.54％ (82/252) vs 19.63％ (53/270),x2 =12.061,P =0.002;55.56％ (280/504) vs 45.37％ (245/540),x2 =10.818,P =0.001),higher distribution frequencies of the C/C genotype and the C allele in female group (21.83％ (55/252) vs 12.59％ (34/270),x2 =10.187,P =0.006;33.73％ (170/504) vs 26.48％ (143/540),x2 =10.073,P =0.002).Between MO group and controls,these distribution frequencies had statistically significant difference (24.60％ (62/252) vs 19.63％ (53/270),x2 =18.172,P=0.000;39.88％ (201/504) vs 45.37％ (245/540),x2 =17.307,P=0.000).After correction by conditional Logistic regression,the frequency distribution difference of the C/C genotype between the migraine cases and controls remained statistically significant (OR =22.861,95％ CI 5.218-27.098,P =0.023).Conclusion Our data indicate that the SNPs of the IL-6 are associated with migaine and the C/C genotype increases the migraine susceptibility in a Han Chinese northeastern population.

Objective To understand the molecular epidemiology of penicillin resistance Streptococcus pneumonia (PNSP) isolated from children in Guangzhou area to provide the experimental basis for clinical prevention and control of Streptococcus pneumonia infectious diseases.Methods Specific primers were designed according to Genebank,penicillin binding protein(PBP) genes PBP1A,PBP1B,PBP2A,PBP2B,PBP2X,PBP3 were amplified by PCR.The sequencing analysis was performed.The PCR products were digested by Hinf I,and the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was analyzed.Results DNA of PNSP was successfully extracted,the PCR results showed that in 50 strains of PNSP,the positive rates of bacterial strains containing PBP1A,PBP1B,PBP2A,PBP2B,PBP2X and PBP3 were 48.9%,64.4%,71.1%,31.1%,40.0% and 31.1% respectively.The sequencing showed that their homologies with known sequences in GenBank were 99%,98%,100%,97%,95% and 100% respectively.Using RFLP in Hinf I showed that PBP1A,PBP1B,PBP2A and PBP3 only had one kind of genotype,PBP2B and PBP2X had two kinds of genotypes,the positive rates were 71.4%,28.6%,66.7% and 33.3% respectively.Conclusion The gene distribution of PNSP strains among children in Guangzhou is dominated by PBP2A,PBP1B and PBP1A,there are two subtypes in PBP2B,PBP2X when digested by Hinf I,in which the predominant subtype >65%.

Purpose Median arcuate ligament (MAL) compression is the most common reason for celiac artery stenosis or occlusion, celiac artery compression of asymptomatic MAL is often misdiagnosed. This study aims to evaluate the multi-slice spiral CT manifestations of the celiac artery compression of median arcuate ligament. Materials and Methods CT features of 26 patients with celiac artery compression of median arcuate ligament were retrospectively studied. Eleven cases were symptomatic and fifteen cases were asymptomatic. Results In 14 cases (53.8%), the location of compression was at the level of superior 1/3 of the L1 vertebral body. There was statistic difference in location of the origin of compression between the celiac artery narrowing group and the non-narrowing group (P<0.05). CT manifestations included: narrowing of the celiac artery were observed in 26 patients on sagittal reformatted images with hollow on the anterior wall; a characteristic hooked appearance was observed. Narrowed celiac artery on the transverse images was seen in 21 patients, and a soft-tissue band extending across the anterior aspect of artery in 12 of them. Poststenotic dilatation was revealed in 20 patients. Collateral circulation was seen in 8 patients. Conclusion Multi-slice spiral CT can be helpful in demonstrating the location of celiac artery compression of median arcuate ligament and tell the characteristic imaging features.

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a method for measuring cerebral artery blood flow velocity, which has the advantages of low cost, non-invasive, high temporal resolution. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) is to study the instantaneous change of cerebral blood flow (CBF) at the moment of arterial blood pressure or intracranial pressure change, that is, the ability to recover CBF in the face of sudden change of perfusion pressure. After the onset of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), effective dCA can maintain the stability of cerebral hemodynamics and avoid excessive or insufficient perfusion at the injured site. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate dCA in patients with AIS. However, at present, there is no recognized optimal evaluation method for dCA. This article mainly summarizes the advantages of TCD in evaluating dCA compared with other methods and the application of TCD combined with transfer function analysis (TFA) in evaluating dCA in AIS.

Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are the two most common subtypes of myeloproliferative diseases. Recent studies have shown that cerebral thrombosis is one of the major complications of PV and ET, which is closely related to the poor outcomes of patients. Meanwhile, PV and ET also increase the risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events in patients with cerebral thrombosis. This article reviews the research progress on the correlation between PV and ET and cerebral thrombosis, in order to provide the basis for clinical prevention and treatment of PV and ET.

BACKGROUND: There is a great debate but little research addressing the cell suspension obtained from the digested mantle tissues can effective amplify and form pearl sac in vitro, thus producing pearl. OBJECTIVE: To establish an effective technique and method of in vitro separation and culture of mantle of the pearl oyster (Pinctada martensii), and to determine the optimal method of forming pearl sac with the intact structure and secretion function, thus producing pearl. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Single sample observation was performed at the School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, between August and December in 2008. MATERIALS: Pearl oyster (Pinctada martensii) aged 1.0 2.0 years, were offered by Yingpan Pearl Industrial Co., Ltd. Of Beihai City, China; the self-modified marine shellfish balanced salt solution; the self-prepared concha pteriae serum and concha pteriae body fluid; keratinocyte growth factor was purchased from Sigma, USA. METHODS: The mantle of pearl oyster (Pinctada martensii) was digested with 2.5 g/L trypsin, the harvested cells were cultured using M199 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and supplemented with 10 μg/L keratinocyte growth factor, 10% self-prepared concha pteriae serum and concha pteriae body fluid. The cultivation was performed for 30 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cell growth characteristics and growth state. RESULTS: The pearl mantle epithelial cells cultured in vitro were shown to proliferate rapidly, secrete productively, and the muscle cells showed a great proliferation, finally encapsulated the mantle epithelial cells to form pear sac with the intact structure and strong secretion function. CONCLUSION: Using the modified culture technology and culture system, the addition of keratinocyte growth factor can obtain the well growing and secreting pearl sac during in vitro culture of mantle cells.

INTRODUCTIONThe increasing prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an important public health issue due to the high costs of kidney replacement therapies. We examined the impact of ethnicity and other factors in ESRD management and hospitalisation in a multiracial Asian population in the fi rst year after diagnosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODSWe analysed a prospectively collected database of 168 new ESRD patients from the National University Hospital, Singapore (NUH) in 2005. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess factors for mortality and hospitalisation.

RESULTSSixteen patients eventually chose conservative treatment, 102 haemodialysis, 41 peritoneal dialysis and 9 patients underwent kidney transplantation for their long-term treatment. Although more Chinese patients had dialysis plans (56.7% vs 36.8%, P = 0.022), many still required urgent dialysis initiation via catheters (61.3%). These dialysed patients who required urgent treatment had more admissions (3.6 vs 2.6, P = 0.023) and longer length of stay (9.3 days, P = 0.014). Approximately 40 (7.4%) admissions were related to vascular access complications (thromboses, dislodgements and infections), and 15 (2.8%) were for new tunnelled catheter insertions. Deaths were 23.8% in the fi rst year after diagnosis and median survival was 125 days. Age, fi nal treatment modality, type of therapy centre, history of coronary artery disease, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%, and having no plans for dialysis were associated with mortality.

CONCLUSIONSThe care of ESRD patients requires substantial commitment of healthcare resources particularly in the fi rst year after diagnosis. Steps to reduce urgent initiation of dialysis will help reduce resource utilisation and improve patient outcomes.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Databases as Topic ; Female ; Hospitalization ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; ethnology ; mortality ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Patient Participation ; Prospective Studies ; Renal Dialysis ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

Background: Replacing damaged anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs) with tissue-engineered artificial ligaments is challenging because ligament scaffolds must have a multiregional structure that can guide stem cell differentiation. Here, we designed a biphasic scaffold and evaluated its effect on human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under dynamic culture conditions as well as rat ACL reconstruction model in vivo. Methods: We designed a novel dual-phase electrospinning strategy wherein the scaffolds comprised randomly arranged phases at the two ends and an aligned phase in the middle. The morphological, mechanical properties and scaffold degradation were investigated. MSCs proliferation, adhesion, morphology and fibroblast markers were evaluated under dynamic culturing. This scaffold were tested if they could induce ligament formation using a rodent model in vivo. Results: Compared with other materials, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PLGA/PCL) with mass ratio of 1:5 showed appropriate mechanical properties and biodegradability that matched ACLs. After 28 days of dynamic culturing, MSCs were fusiform oriented in the aligned phase and randomly arranged in a paving-stone-like morphology in the random phase. The increased expression of fibroblastic markers demonstrated that only the alignment of nanofibers worked with mechanical stimulation to promote effective fibroblast differentiation. This scaffold was a dense collagenous structure, and there was minimal difference in collagen direction in the orientation phase. Conclusion Dual-phase electrospun scaffolds had mechanical properties and degradability similar to those of ACLs. They promoted differences in the morphology of MSCs and induced fibroblast differentiation under dynamic culture conditions. Animal experiments showed that ligamentous tissue regenerated well and supported joint stability.