0.05). Conclusion: There is surface potential in teeth and the potent ial can be affected by the electrolyte surroundings.

Objective To investigate the cause and development of atrioventricular block (AVB) occurred during and after transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD), and to explore its feasible prevention and treatment. Methods From Mar, 2005 to Dec, 2005, 157 patients who suffered from congenital VSD underwent transcatheter interventional occlusion. Transient Ⅲ degree AVB occurred in 2 patients during the transcatheter therapy and Ⅱ degree AVB in 2 patients and Ⅲ degree AVB in 3 patients were observed 4 hours to 8 days after the therapy. Two of them suffered from Adams-Stokes syndrome. All patients were treated by intravenous injection of glucocorticosteroid, diuretic and dehydrator. One of them was also treated with temporary pacing. Results AVB did not re-occurred after the transcatheter closure in 2 patients who suffered from transient Ⅲ degree AVB during the transcatheter interventional therapy. The cardiac rhythm in 3 patients who suffered from Ⅲ degree AVB after the transcatheter closure reverted to sinus rhythm in 7, 8 and 18 days after the operation respectively. However, 2 of them suffered recurrent Ⅲ degree AVB after discharge, and one of them could not be restored to sinus rhythm. Three patients who suffered from the Ⅱ degree AVB resumed to sinus rhythm in 5, 7 and 8 days after the transcatheter closure respectively, and the type Ⅰ and the type Ⅱ of Ⅱ degree AVB alternated before the rhythm completely reverted. Conclusion AVB is a frequent complication during and after transcatheter closure of VSD. AVB occurred after transcatheter occlusion should be treated actively, or it may become permanent AVB. Improving the cardiac transcatheter interventional device and technique can prevent the high degree AVB in certain degree.

cancer,and prostatic cancer has been reported.

Background When focusing on a target,the accommodative system exhibits small variations in power within a range,termed microfluctuations.Exploring the correlation between the characters of microfluctuations and the aberrations of the eyes through a critical period-teenager can deepen the understanding of the onset and development of myopia.Objective This study was to investigate the correlation between accommodative microfluctuations and wavefront aberrations of human eyes,and to explore the role of accommodative microfiuctuations in the development of myopia.Methods A cross-sectional study was designed and performed.Fifty-four teenagers aged from 12 to 15 years were enrolled in this study in Eye Hospital,Wenzhou Medical University from 2010 to 2011,including 19 emmetropic subjects,18 incipient myopic subjects and 17 progressive myopic subjects,who were chosen based on the refractive changes for the last two years.The accommodative response and microfluctuations were measured by WAM-5500 infrared autorefractor with RSVP at 25,33 and 50 cm respectively,each RSVP distance was tested for 5 minutes.The accommodative values were divided into low frequency component (LFC) (0-0.6 Hz),middle frequency component(MFC) (0.6-0.9 Hz) and high frequency component (HFC) (1.0-1.4 Hz) after Fourier spectrum analysis.The wavefront aberrations of the whole eye and corneal were recorded by i-Trace aberrometer and Humphrey corneal topography.The differences of accommodative response,microfluctuations and aberrations were evaluated and compared among the emmetropic group,incipient myopic group and progressive myopic group.The correlations of accommodation and aberrations were analyzed.This study followed Declaration of Helsinki,and informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results Under the 25 cm and 33 cm reading distance,the accommodative response values were (2.78 ± 0.35) D and (2.19 ± 0.27) D in the emmetropic group,which were significantly higher than (2.44±0.33) D and (1.89±0.35)D in the progressive myopic group (P=0.002,0.003).LFC,MFC and HFC were remarkably increased as the reading distance decreased (Fdistance =8.480,14.270,21.400;all at P ＜0.01).A significant difference was seen in LFC among different reading distances (Fgroup =4.115,P＜0.05),and the LFCs in the progressive myopic group were considerably higher than those in the emmetropic group in the 25,33 and 50 cm reading distances (P=0.044,0.038,0.032).No significant differences were found in MFC and HFC among the three groups (Fgroup =0.859,0.682;both at P＞0.05).Under the 25 cm and 33 cm reading distances,significant positive correlations were found between LFC and corneal coma,intraocular coma,whole ocular aberrations or intraocular higher order aberrations (all at P＜0.05),however,no significant correlations were seen between MFC or HFC and wavefront aberrations (all at P＞0.05).Conclusions In teenagers,the accommodative response of emmetropia is much stronger than that of progressive myopia,and the accommodative microfluctuation in emmetropia and incipient myopia is much less than that in progressive myopia.These shifts are possibly associated with the variability,and microfluctuations of accommodation is greater in progressive myopes than emmetropes.There are certain correlations between wavefront aberrations and accommodative microfluctuations.The refractive group differences in the accommodative microfluctuations may be related to differences in the wavefront between myopes and emmetropes.Under near reading distance,LFC is correlated with higher order aberrations.

The important role of nursing work environment has received much attention in the management of nursing workforce and the quality of health care services. This paper analyzed current studies on nursing work environment, and suggested that the government and hospital administrators pay more attention to the development of nursing workforce, adequate clinical nurse staffing levels and promoting healthy work environment for nurses.

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The reform and practice of Preventive Medicine Experiment Center of Fujian Medical University are introduced in this paper. How to construct a preventive medicine experiment center to adapt to modern medicine mode was explored in the aspects of experimental teaching concept,teaching system,teaching team and management system.

Objective To explore the effects of lycopene on interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression and motor function after spinal cord injury in rats. Methods 36 healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (A), methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP) treatment group (B) and lycopene treatment group (C) with 12 rats in each group, and spinal cord injury model at T9 was established with modified Allen's technique (10 g×25 mm). 30 minutes after modeling, group A received no treatment, group B was injected MP 30 mg/ kg, group C was given lycopene 20 mg/kg. They were tested with inclined plate test 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after injury. The expression of IL-6 was examined with immunohistochemistry, then. Results The inclined plate test scores were higher in the group C than in the group A 1 day and 7 days after injury (P<0.05), and in the group B than in the group A 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after injury (P<0.05). The expression of IL-6 was significantly lower in the groups B and C than in the group A 1 day, 3 days, 7 days after injury (P<0.001). Conclusion Lycopene can inhibit the expression of IL-6 in acute spinal cord injury to reduce the inflammation and facilitate the recovery of nerve and motor function.

Objective To describe the prevalence and change of rationing of nursing care (RNC) in medical and surgical units of level 2 and level 3 general hospitals across Guangdong province. Methods RNC were measured by asking nurses about the completion status of 12 necessary nursing care activities, and the prevalence of RNC in 2014 was compared with the study results from the China Hospital Nursing Workforce Research(CNWR) in 2009 (exclusively using the data of Guangdong province) to describe the change of RNC. Results Six activities were rationed averagely in 2014, and the most frequent activities rationed wereComfort/talk with patients accounted for 69.8% (975/1 396) andEducating patients and familiesaccounted for 67.3%(940/1 396). According to the CNWR in 2009, the average number of nursing care activities rationed was 3 which was statistically lower than the number in 2014 (P < 0.01). Conclusions RNC is prevalent in level 2 and level 3 general hospitals across Guangdong province, especially psychosocial care to the patients; the prevalence of RNC has not decreased since 2009.

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of low dose Peginterferon-alpha-2a (PEG-INF-α-2a) combined with Ribavirin treating chronic hepatitis C in renal transplant recipients.Methods A total of 13 cases of HCV hepatitis were randomly divided into treatment and control groups.Seven cases in treatment group were given PEG-INF-α-2a (90 μg/week) and ribavirin (600mg/day) for 16 to 48 weeks,and the rest 6 cases in control group were subjected to general liver protection and anti-inflammatory treatment. All patients were followed up for more than 2 years.Results There were 5 cases getting early response in treatment group for 16 weeks,including four cases of complete response and no non-effects response patients. In 4 cases voluntarily receiving treatment for 48 weeks,1 case had facial muscle myalgia and increased Cr level at 35th week,humoral graft rejection was confirmed pathologically,and the treatment was terminated; 1 case had recurrence of HCV RNA replication and PEG-INF-α-2a was withdrawn at 38th week.As results,5 patients in the treatment group obtained complete response after two years,including 2 cases whose HCV-IgG had got negative,HCV RNA replication was significantly lower than in the control group,and the average Cr higher than in control group (P＞ 0.05). There were adverse reactions during this treatment protocol: fever,muscle myalgia,agranulocytosis, anemia and humoral graft rejection.Conclusion The efficacy of low lose PEG-INF α-2a combined with ribavirin is definite in the treatment of chronic HCV hepatitis in kidney transplant recipients.The 16-week treatment duration is reasonable.It is remarkable that PEG-INF-α-2a may cause humoral graft rejection and Cr crawling.