BACKGROUND:The research and development of scaffold materials is the key to tissue engineering, as the scaffold can provide a stable external environment for cell growth.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the clinical advances in tendon tissue engineering materials.METHODS:We searched CBM, CNKI, CSTJ and PubMed database for relevant articles published from January 2004 to May 2016. The keywords were tissue engineering, tendon injuries, biological scaffold, tendon healing in Chinese and English, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The commonly used tissue engineering tendon materials include natural polymer materials, biological derivatives, synthetic materials and composite materials. Natural polymer materials retain the three-dimensional network structure of the normal tissue, with good biocompatibility but poor mechanical properties and degradation speed. Synthetic polymer materials present with good mechanical properties and biodegradability, but have low hydrophilicity and poor cell adhesion capability. Composite materials as an effective combination of the two above-mentioned materials exhibit a certain potential in clinical practice. Biological derivatives come from organisms, and have a net structure and biomechanical properties most similar to the human body after appropriate treatment. Additionaly, these derivatives also have the normal physiological activity and functions, which are considered as the future development direction of biomedical materials.

Objective:To explore the effect of different hemoperfusion times on the recovery of serum cholinesterase (ChE) in patients with severe acute oral organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP).Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study. Patients with severe AOPP admitted to our hospital were identified between January 2010 and December 2019. The clinical information of patients with severe AOPP was collected between January 2010 and December 2019, the patient's ChE vitality levels were collected on admission, at 1, 3 and 5 days after admission, and the sex, age, oral poison volume, and related treatments were recorded as well. The relationship between ChE, different HP treatment times and patients without HP treatment was analyzed by generalized estimation equations and multiple comparisons afterward.Results:A total of 159 patients with severe AOPP were included in our study. Among them, 60 (37.74%) patients were male and 99 (62.26%) were female, with a median age of 33 years old (range 13-75 years old). The median oral dose of OPs was 75 mL (range 15-500 mL). Multivariate analysis results showed that in the unadjusted generalized estimation equation, compared with patients without HP treatment, the average ChE value of patients with single HP treatment was 745.6 U/L higher (95% CI: 467.09 - 1024.1; P<0.01), the average ChE value of patients with 2 times HP treatment was 565.81 U/L higher (95% CI: 384.25-747.36; P<0.01), and the average ChE value of patients with 3 times HP treatment was 43.86 U/L higher (95% CI: 420.71-1 067.01; P<0.01), the differences were all statistically significant. After adjusting the amount of oral OPs at admission, age and PSS score in the multiple generalized estimation equations, the results showed that whatever single HP treatment or multiple HP treatment, the recovery rate of ChE was significantly faster than those without HP treatment. And the multiple comparison results of multiple models showed that the difference between 3 times HP treatment and 1 to 2 times HP treatment was not statistically significant, and the average difference between 2 times HP treatment and single HP treatment was also not statistically significant. Conclusions:Hemoperfusion therapy can accelerate the recovery rate of ChE in AOPP patients; Whatever single HP treatment or multiple HP treatments, the recovery rate of ChE in AOPP patients has no significant difference.

Objective From knowledge,attitude,practice,and environment dimensions to investigate the status of oral health self-management in adolescents receiving fixed orthodontics and analyze its influencing factors.Methods A self-designed questionnaire developed from an evaluation index system for adolescents receiving fixed orthodontics was used to investigate 300 adolescent orthodontic patients in a stonatological hospital in Shanghai,who were 11 to 17 years old,receiving fixed orthodontics for more than three months.Results For adolescents receiving fixed orthodontics,self-management knowledge score was 0.99-±0.18,attitude score was 0.92±0.13,practice score was 1.11±0.21,and environment score was 0.66±0.15.The scores of oral health self-management knowledge,attitude,practice,and environment were significantly different between boys and girls(P＜0.01).There was significant difference in the scores of oral health self-management practice in adolescents with different age(P＜0.05).The scores of oral health selfmanagement were significantly different for adolescents with different stages of receiving fixed orthodontics(P＜0.05).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that oral health self-management status was affected by gender and age.Conclusion The oral health self-management status of adolescents receiving fixed orthodontics needs to be further improved.Female adolescents have better oral health self-management status than male adolescents.The increasing of age cannot necessarily improve self-management status.Orthodontic time has the greatest influence on oral health self-management practice.Medical staffs can provide targeted health education and guidance based on the status and influencing factors for adolescent orthodontic patients in order to improve their oral health self-management status.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestation caused by local injections of botulinum toxin type A for cosmetic reason and the effect of antitoxin for adverse reaction.Methods Diagnosis and treatment process of 40 patients were retrospectively analyzed for adverse reactions due to botulinum toxin injections for beauty.Severe adverse reaction was assessed according to the patients clinical manifestation and the nervous system of physical assessment.The patients were given symptomatic treatment,observation or antitoxin therapy.Results Adverse reactions developed in 40 patients were mainly the nervous system abnormalities.Dyspnea developed in four cases.34 cases (85 ％) were given symptomatic treatment.4 cases (10 ％) were given botox treatment,and the patients were followed up for 1-3 months.The patients fully recovered to normal and did not leave any neurological sequelae.Conclusions The management of type A botulinum toxin injections should be strengthened.In case of poisoning,antitoxin therapy should be given as early as possible.

Objective: To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)H19 in gallbladder cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Methods: 74 cases of allbladder cancer resected in our hospital were collected and studied. At the same time, 66 cases of benign gallbladder lesions were selected as benign lesion group. The expression of lncRNA H19 in tissues was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The correlation between lncRNA H19 expression and clinicopathological parameters of gallbladder cancer patients was analyzed.The patients were followed up for 3 years and COX was used to analyze the prognostic factors affecting the survival rate.The survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve. The survival differences of lncRNA H19 expression groups were detected by Log-Rank method. Results: The expression level of lncRNA H19 in gallbladder cancer was significantly higher than that in benign lesions (P<0.05). The expression of lncRNA H19 was correlated with stage, differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Age, sex, histological grade, stage and depth of invasion of gallbladder cancer had no significant correlation with 3-year survival rate (P>0.05). The survival rate of patients with differentiated tumors and non-metastatic lymph nodes were higher (P<0.05). The survival rate of patients with low expression of lncRNA H19 was significantly higher than those with high expression of lncRNA H19 (P<0.05). Tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and lncRNA H19 expression were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer. Conclusions LncRNA H19 is highly expressed in gallbladder cancer, which is closely related to the degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis and survival rate of patients.

APOBEC3B is one member of APOBEC with the activity of cytosine deaminase.Researches show that APOBEC3B can take park in the development and progression of breast cancer by means of mediating the genome mutations,which can promote cancer metastasis and drug resistance,thus influencing the treatment effect of patients with cancers.APOBEC3B is closely related with clinical prognosis of breast cancer,which has a potential value in the early diagnosis and biological therapy of breast cancer and provides a new hope for the treatment of breast cancer.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the common primary glomerulonephritis, which is also an important risk factor for end-stage renal disease. Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage renal disease induced by IgAN, whereas there is still a risk of recurrence of IgAN after kidney transplantation. At present, research progress upon IgAN recurrence after kidney transplantation is relatively lacking. The pathogenesis of IgAN recurrence remains elusive, and its pathological manifestations are not specific. The diagnosis of IgAN recurrence still depends on renal biopsy. Besides, no effective prevention and treatment are available for recurrent IgAN. In this article, research progress on IgAN recurrence after kidney transplantation was illustrated from the perspectives of pathogenesis, diagnosis, risk factors and treatment, aiming to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of IgAN recurrence after kidney transplantation and improve clinical prognosis of kidney transplant recipients.

Objective To study the culture results of renal graft cold storage solution and therapeutic strategies.Methods This study retrospectively studied the bacterial culture,drug sensitivity test and fungal culture results of donor kidney preservation fluid in 172 cases in our hospital from February 2016 to December 2017.The prevention and treatment strategies of our hospital,and relevant literatures retrieved were comprehensively analyzed.Results Positive culture results were found in 13.4％ (22/172) cases.Among them,17 cases were positive for bacteria,including 1 case positive for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,2 for Enterococcus faecium,2 for Acinetobacter baumannii (1 case of extensive drug resistance),4 for Klebsiella pneumoniae (2 cases of extensive drug resistance),1 for Klebsiella oxytoca,3 for Escherichia coli (2 expressing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase),1 for Enterobacter cloacae,1 for Staphylococcus epidermidis,1 for both Enterococcus faecium and Klebsiella pneumoniae,1 for both Escherichia coli expressing extendedspectrum beta-lactamase and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Three cases were positive for fungi,including 2 for Canidia albicans and 1 for Candida krusei.Two cases were positive for both bacteria and fungi,including 1 for Candida tropical and Enterococcus faecium,1 for Candida glabrata and Klebsiella pneumoniae with extensive drug resistance.One recipient died of serious cardiac arrhythmia on the 32nd day after implantation with positive results of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.One recipient positive for Candida tropicalis fecal faecium had graft nephrectomy because of rupture of renal artery at day 14 after implantation.The remaining 15 and all culture-negative cases had good graft outcome during 6 months of follow-up.Conclusion Culture of renal graft cold storage fluid as well as targeted prevention and treatment strategies based on positive results can effectively reduce the incidence of infectious vascular complications in recipients.

Objective:To observe the relationship between inducible carbon monoxide synthase (iNOS) and delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP), and explore its mechanism of action in DEACMP.Methods:This study was designed as prospective cohort study. Patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning who met the diagnostic criteria and were admitted to Emergency Intensive Care Unit(EICU) of our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected as subjects. Patients were divided into the DEACMP group and non-DEACMP group according to the occurrence of DEACMP. Serum samples were collected on the first 24 h after admission and on day 7 and 14 after admission, and the serum nitric oxide (NO), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible carbon monoxide synthase (iNOS), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The generalized estimating equation was used to estimate the difference of NO, nNOS, iNOS and eNOS between DEACMP and non-DEACMP patients.Results:A total of 78 patients with carbon monoxide poisoning were included in our study finally, including 49 (62.82%) males and 29 (37.18%) females, with an average age of (53.96±14.95) years, 20 (25.64%) patients with DEACMP, and 1 (1.28%) death. Univariate analysis showed that patients with DEACMP had an average increase of 3 h (95% CI: 1.00, 5.00) in carbon monoxide exposure time and a 5-point decrease in GCS score (95% CI: 1.00, 6.00) than the patients without DEACMP, and the proportion of patients with severe carbon monoxide poisoning in the DEACMP group was higher than that of the non-DEACMP group (90.00% vs. 32.76%). According to the analysis of generalized estimation equation, on day 7 and 14 after admission, Compared with non-DEACMP patients, neither by performing unadjusted nor adjusted analysis with the iNOS of DEACMP patients was significantly higher than that in non-DEACMP patients regardless of whether exposure time, GCS score, coma time or severity of carbon monoxide poisoning were adjusted or not ( P <0.01 or P <0.05). Except for the level of nNOS in the GEE model adjusted with carbon monoxide exposure time, the levels of NO, nNOS and eNOS showed no significant difference between DEACMP and non-DEACMP patients ( P >0.05). Conclusions:The expression of iNOS level is increased in DEACMP patients, and its continuous expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of DEACMP.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1)ameliorating aristolochic acid 1(AAI)-induced liver injury in mice based on untargeted metabolomics techniques.Methods There were 83-week-old male hepatocyte-specific Yap1 gene knockout mice(genotyped as Yap1Flox/Flox,Albumin-Cre,aka.Yap1LKO)were randomly selected as the Yap1LKO+AAI group,and 8 Yap1Flox control mice as the Yap1Flox+AAI group.Both groups were injected intraperitoneally with AAI at a dose of 2.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 14 consecutive days.Genotypes were identified by tail PCR;serum alanine transaminase(ALT)and aspartate transaminase(AST)activities were determined by microplate assay;histopathological changes of liver tissue were observed by HE staining;and the protein expression of YAP1 in liver tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry.The untargeted metabolomics approach was used to analyze the liver tissue differential metabolites,and the samples were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbit trap high-resolution mass spectrometry,and the differential metabolites were screened by principal component analysis(PCA),Partial least square-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA);using HMDB database and METLIN database to identify metabolites,and the pathway enrichment of differential metabolites was analyzed by KEGG database.Results(1)After 14 days of AAI induction,the increase of body mass in Yap1LKO mice was lower than that in Yap1Flox mice,but there was no statistical significance(P＞0.05).On day 14,compared with the Yap1Flox+AAI group,the serum ALT and AST enzyme activities in the Yap1LKO+AAI group of mice were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the histopathological damage of the liver was significantly aggravated.The livers of the Yap1Flox mice had a positive protein expression of YAP1,whereas the Yap1LKO mice did not have a positive protein expression of YAP1.(2)A total of 139 differential metabolites with significant changes(VIP＞1 and P＜0.05)were screened by metabonomic analysis;compared with Yap1LKO+ AAI group,62 liver metabolites in Yap1Flox+AAI group were up-regulated,including choline,taurine,hypotaurine,α-linolenic acid,eleostearic acid,chenodeoxycholic acid and so on.Seventy-seven metabolites were down-regulated including glycerophosphocholine,L-phosphatidylcholine,L-glutamine,L-serine,L-glutathione,5-methionine,phenylalanine,glucose 6-phosphate,lactic acid,uric acid glycosides,etc..KEGG-enriched pathways were mainly choline metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,insulin resistance,glutathione metabolism,etc..Conclusion Hepatocyte-specific Yap1 gene knockout exacerbated AAI-induced liver injury in mice,and YAP1 was involved in the regulation of choline metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism through the up-regulation of unsaturated fatty acids,such as choline and taurine,which ameliorated AAI-induced liver injury in mice.