There are many abnormal signaling pathways in the occurrence, development and microenvironment of liver cancer. The abnormal activation or inhibition of cell signaling pathway can regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration, and then affect inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor migration. Experimental studies have shown that Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can prevent and treat hepatocellular carcinoma by intervention with the transduction of related signaling pathways, which mainly includes hedgehog signaling pathway, IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway. At present stage, TCM has a definite effect on the prevention and treatment of liver cancer, but the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated, and the regulation of TCM on liver cancer related signaling pathways still needs further exploration.

Objective The research was to achieve Shanghai resident satisfaction of primary health service after new health reform.Methods During self-compiled questionnaire survey,the research adapted stratified random sampling to select 9 community health centers in Shanghai urban,rural and suburb areas.Results Shanghai resident satisfaction rate of new health reform was 85.2％.Satisfaction rate of basic medical security system was 85.0％.Satisfaction rate of basic medical service was 96.5％.Satisfaction rate of basic public health service was 95.1％.Age,region,job,education and income were main factors to satisfaction of primary health service.Conclusion From an overall point of view,Shanghai resident satisfaction of primary health service after new health reform was high.However,the level of basic medical security and convenience of reimbursement were not high.Medical expenses of primary health care institution had not been effectively controlled.Basic medicine could not fully meet the medication needs of primary health care institutions.

With the development of economy and society, the change of heath concept and increased demands for health care , the cultivation of postgraduates majoring in clinical medicine is facing a lot of problems which seriously affects the quality of culti-vation.The article analyzed the problems and reasons in the clinical medicine postgraduate cultivation.We stated the competency of clinical medicine postgraduates according to the transition of health demands, global medical development and practical requirements for clinical personnel in China.We elaborated the required post competence for clinical medicine postgraduates on the basis of its con-tent and characteristics.We proposed to strengthen the cultivation of clinical medicine postgraduates by the reform and support of the government, enhanced construction of teachers, improved course plan and cultivation process, perfected assessment system in order to make the students competent to their posts.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound, compression elastography (CE) and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) in diff erential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors. Methods: A total of 98 patients with liver lesions were included in the study. The images of conventional ultrasound, CE and the values of virtual touch tissue quantiifcation (VTQ) of breast lesions were obtained. hTe diagnostic performance of conventional ultrasound, CE and ARFI were assessed by using pathology as the gold standard, and then evaluate the diagnosis effciency of these three approaches in differential diagnosing benign and malignant breast tumors. Results: The specificity, sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of malignant breast tumors for conventional ultrasound were 80.0%, 81.1% and 81.7%, respectively, whereas for CE elastic score were 85.7%, 86.7% and 86.3%, respectively. With a cutoff value of 3.71 for the SR, the sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy in diagnosis of malignant breast tumors were 97.1%, 83.3% and 88.4%, respectively. With a cutoff value of 3.78 m/s for VTQ, the sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy in diagnosis of malignant breast tumors were 94.3%, 91.7% and 92.6%, respectively. The difference in diagnosis efficiency among ARFI, CE and conventional ultrasound in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors was signiifcant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Conventional ultrasound, CE and ARFI are all useful for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors. But the diagnosis effciency of ARFI is superior to CE and conventional ultrasound. The three approaches can help each other in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of lung equivalent uniform dose (LEUD)-based predictive model for radiation pneumonitis (RP) induced by volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and to determine the optimal a value.Methods A total of 65 patients with primary lung cancer who received VMAT from July 2015 to February 2016 were divided into RP group and non-RP group according to the presence or absence of RP after radiotherapy.Their dose-volume histogram (DVH) data and other data were obtained and analyzed by the self-compiled numerical analysis program.The LEUD values in the two groups were calculated at a=[-50, 50], and then the a value was identified when the relative difference of LEUD between the two groups was maximal.The paired t test was used for analyzing the differences in V5, V20, V30, minimum lethal dose (MLD), and LEUD (aoptimal) between the two groups.A Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation of Vdose and LEUD (aoptimal) with RP.The logistic regression method was used to establish the predictive model of RP.Results The maximum relative difference in LEUD between RP group and non-RP group was obtained at a=0.3(627.94 cGy vs.510.23 cGy, relative difference[R]=23.07%).R decreased slowly at t=[-50,-5], increased sharply at t=[-5, 0], and reached the maximum value at a=0.3.After a rapid decrease at a=[0.3, 4], R decreased slowly at a=[4, 50].The correlation analysis of the traditional physical volume dose threshold also showed that the LEUD (at a=0.3) was correlated with V5, V10, V20, and MLD (r=0.929, P<0.05).Conclusions For patients receiving VMAT for thoracic cancer, LEUD (at a=0.3) can distinguish between patients with and without RP.Therefore, LEUD is recommended to be<510 cGy.A combination of LEUD and conventional physical dose has a good clinical predictive value for RP under non-uniform irradiation.

OBJECTIVE To study the mitochondrial toxicity effect of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praepa?rata(Fuzi)on H9c2 cardiomyocytes. METHODS H9c2 cells were exposed to Fuzi decoction 6.25, 12.5,25,50 and 100 g·L-1 for 24 h. Fluorescence staining and CCK-8 assay were used to detect cell viability. H9c2 cells were exposed to Fuzi decoction 6.25,12.5 and 25 g · L-1 for 24 h,while the effect on mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species(ROS)was detected by flow cytometry. The fluorescence molecular probe and laser scanning confocal microscope were used to observe the effect on Ca2+ in cells,Ca2+ and superoxide in mitochondria. The effect on ATP concentration in cells was detected via firefly luciferin and the expression of Pgc-1α,Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA evaluated by real-time PCR,while the expression of Pgc-1α protein was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS H9c2 cell viability was significantly inhibited by Fuzi decoction 12.5-100 g · L-1(P<0.05,P<0.01). The IC50 value was 47.4669 g · L-1,while the 95%confidence limit was 32.5997-69.1145 g · L-1. After treatment with Fuzi decoction 25 g · L-1 ,the fluorescence intensity of ROS in the normal control group increased from 204±67 to 454±78(P<0.05),that of mitochondrial superoxide increased from 5.4±1.8 to 26.8±8.5 (P<0.01),mitochondrial membrane potential decreased from 1.7±0.5 to 0.8±0.4(P<0.05),the fluores?cence intensity of intracellular Ca2+increased from 7.8±0.8 to 22.1±0.5(P<0.05)while that of mitochon?drial Ca2+decreased from 38.0±4.3 to 9.2±1.6(P<0.01),and intracellular ATP concentration decreased from (10.6 ± 0.4)μmol · g-1 to (5.3 ± 1.1)μmol · g-1 protein (P<0.05). qPCR and Western blotting test results showed that compared with the normal control group ,Pgc-1αand Bcl-2 mRNA relative expression level in Fuzi decoction 25 g·L-1 group was decreased from 1.00±0.10 and 1.00±0.10 to 0.09±0.06(P<0.01)and 0.43±0.06(P<0.01),respectively, while the relative expression of Bax mRNA was increased from 1.00 ± 0.03 to 1.17 ± 0.06 (P<0.05),and the expression of Pgc-1α protein was decreased from 0.906±0.034 to 0.541±0.003(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Fuzi has some mitochondrial toxicity to cardiomy?opathy. This effect arises from the combined action of different mechanisms. Mitochondrial toxicity of myocytes may account for the cardiac toxicity of Fuzi.

Objective To study the geometric difference between six different ITV generation methods from 4DCT for patients with non?small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy technique ( SABR) . Methods Between Dec. 2013 and Mar. 2014,16 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients underwent imaging with 4DCT scans. The MI and DI index were evaluated between six ITV generation methods:combining GTV from all 10 respiratory phases ( ITV10 );combining GTV from four respiratory phases, including two extreme phases ( 0% and 50%) plus two intermediate phases ( 20% and 70%) ( ITVYeo ) which was proposed by Seung?Gu Yeo of Soonchunhyang University;combining GTV from two extreme phases ( ITVEI+EE ) . And combining GTV from five odd phases (10%,30%,50%,70%,90%)(ITVodd).Accordingly the ITVEVEN which was combined from the remaining five even phases (20%,40%,60%,80%,0%),and ITVAVG,ITVMIP were contoured from two reconstructed 4DCT sequences,finally,a method which was not sensitive to the tumor volume and motion characteristic was selected for clinical use. Data were compared using a variance analysis followed by Student?Newman?Keulsa test both in same group or between groups. At the same time, the volume and the three dimensional movements of the tumor, the relativity of MI and DI were analyzed by Multi?parameter regression analysis. Results The mean (range) tumor motion (RLR,RAP,RCC,and R3D) are 3. 5 mm (1. 4?8. 4 mm),4. 5 mm (1. 1?8. 6 mm),9. 5 mm (0?10 mm),12. 3 mm (2. 5?55. 3 mm) respectively. The IGTVx volume are Underestimated by 25. 7%,35. 6%,17. 9%,12. 8%,3. 6%,4. 8%( P=0. 000) respectively. The MI index comparisons between six ITV generation methods and ITV10 showed statistical significance:0. 69,0. 62,0. 80, 0. 86,0. 93,0. 91 ( P=0. 006 ) . The DI index showed no statistical significance:0. 98, 0. 98, 0. 97, 0. 97, 0. 99,0. 98(P=0. 130).The tumor size and motion amplitude were certified not the independent factors for the MI index of ITVodd and ITVEVEN . Conclusions IGTVODD/EVEN based on odd or even 4DCT phases is not sensitive to the tumor size or motion characteristic and is proved to have a good marching with ITV10 meanwhile maintaining a reasonable contouring efficiency,it can be recommend to the institutions which was not equipped with the deformable registration systems.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the catheter to vein ratio and the formation of peripheral insertion of central venous catheter (PICC) related upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (PICC-UEDVT) in cases having undergone PICC in patients at intensive care unit (ICU) and further identify the best optimal ratio cut-off point to reduce the incidence of PICC-UEDVT.Methods A retrospective study was conducted, including 69 patients having undergone PICC with complete clinical data admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from August 2013 to December 2016; their ages were > 18 years old and catheter indwelling times were > 1 week; the patients' basic information, disease related laboratory parameters and catheter insertion situation were collected. According to the occurrence of PICC-UEDVT, they were divided into PICC-UEDVT group and non PICC-UEDVT group; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the catheter to vein ratio versus the incidence ofPICC-UEDVT was plotted to assess the optimal ratio to reduce the incidence of PICC-UEDVT.Results In the 69 patients, there were 7 patients in the PICC-UEDVT group and 62 patients in the non PICC-UEDVT group, the incidence of PICC-UEDVT being 10.14%. Four, 5 and 6 French (Fr) catheters were indwelled in 43, 23 and 3 cases respectively, and the range of catheter to vein ratio was 20% - 67%. The comparisons between PICC-UEDVT group and non PICC-UEDVT group in various aspects were as follows: the incidence of DVT in the PICC-UEDVT group was significantly higher than that in non PICC-UEDVT group [42.9% (3/7) vs. 6.5% (4/62)], the rate of using vasopressor drugs [57.14% (4/7) vs. 17.74% (11/62)], D-dimer level [mg/L: 9.0 (3.0, 12.3) vs. 1.8 (1.0, 3.6)], patients of indwelling 5Fr catheter [71.4% (5/7) vs. 29.0% (18/62)] and the percentage of patientsapplying catheter to vein ratio 45%-67% [57.14% (4/7) vs. 17.74% (11/62)] in PICC-UEDVT group were all higher than those in the non PICC-UEDVT group, the differences being statistically significant (allP < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that the catheter to vein ratio 44% was the optimal cut off or critical point, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) at that point was 0.755, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.554-0.955, sensitivity = 71.4% and specificity = 79.0%; compared with the patients using 45%-67% catheter to vein ratio, the incidence of PICC-UEDVT was 6.182 times higher than those using the ratio 20%-44% [odds ratio (OR) = 6.182, 95%CI = 1.208-31.634,P = 0.036]; however, there was no significant difference in incidence of PICC-UEDVT between 20%-32% and 33%-44% (P = 1.000).Conclusion It is found that the 44% catheter to vein ratio was the optimal critical point to reduce the incidence of PICC-UEDVT, possessing relatively high sensitivity and specificity; applying <44% catheter to vein ratio can decrease the risk of PICC-UEDVT occurrence in patients at ICU.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy,safety and influencing factors of decitabine (DAC)-based regimens in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory anemia with excess blasts (MDS-RAEB).Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 63 patients with MDS-RAEB treated with DAC,evaluated the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions,and analyzed the influencing factors affecting survival.Results Among 63 patients,23 were RAEB-1 and 40 were RAEB-2.The median treatment was 4 (2-13) courses.The total effective rate of DAC for MDS-RAEB was 58.7％ (37/63),and the complete response rate was 20.6％ (13/63).Among 37 patients who were effective,20 (54.1％) patients performed efficacy after 2 courses.The median course of treatment to achieve the best effect was 3.5 (3-4) courses.With a median follow-up of 14 (2-68) months,63 patients had a overall survival rate (OS) of 84.2％ and a 1-year progression-free survival rate (PFS) of 73％.In univariate analysis,the factors that prolonged OS were that the best effect after medication was stable disease (SD) (to achieve complete remission,partial remission,complete bone marrow remission,hematological improvement) (P =0.009) and no thrombocytopenia at first diagnosis (P =0.019),the factor that prolongs PFS is the best effect above SD (P =0.003).Multivariate analysis suggested that the factors affecting OS and PFS were the best curative effects above SD (P =0.015 vs P =0.008).The adverse effects of decitabine in the treatment of MDSRAEB were mainly bone marrow suppression and pulmonary infection.Conclusions Decitabine is an effective and well-tolerated drug in the treatment of MDS-RAEB.Response to decitabine treatment is one of the independent factors affecting the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the body mass index (BMI)/body mass index improved (BMIIMPd) and the dose of the small intestine as well as the acute radiation colitis in the intensity-modulated radiation therapy after cervical cancer surgery.Methods Thirty-nine cervical cancer patients underwent postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy.All patients received Philips large bore CT scan for enhanced CT scan,target delineation and organ at risk.All patients were treated with a single arc 10 MV VMAT plan.The correlation between the radiation dose of the small intestine and the acute radiation enteritis and BMI/BMIIMPd was analyzed.Results The BMI was calculated as (22.23±2.80) kg/m2,BMIIMPd was (21.49±3.95) kg/m2,the small intestine volume VSI was (1 155.71 ± 419.33)cc3.The volume of the small intestine received more than 10 Gy (V10_SI) VMAT was (66.50± 27.01) ％,and the equivalent uniform dose (EUD) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) were (4 098.87± 184.93) cGy and (7.98±8.73)％.One way ANOVA demonstrated that under the VMAT technology,the BMIIMPd,V30,V40,EUD (or=50) and NTCP in the small intestine were the influencing factors of the occurrence of acute radiation enteritis.Conclusions If the improved BMIIMPd is utilized to distinguish the BMI,the high dose area of the small intestine will be larger and the incidence of acute radiation enteritis will be higher for patients with BMIIMPd between 10.1 and 16.9(normal and thin).Conventional BMI cannot be utilized as a basis for the prediction of the incidence of acute radiation enteritis in patients with cervical carcinoma.