Objective To explore the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α induced protein 6 (TSG-6) on acute kidney injury (AKI) following paraquat poisoning in rats.Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=8),model group (n=8) and TSG-6-treated group (n=8) using a randomized number table.Rats were given an injection of 50 mg/kg of paraquat intraperitoneally (total volume was equalled to sterile normal saline) in model and TSG-6-treated groups.Rats in sham group were given 2 mg/kg of sterile saline.Mter 1 hour of paraquat administration,rats were treated with 30 μg of recombinant human TSG-6 intraperitoneally in TSG-6-treated group.After 6 hours of paraquat administration,serum was collected to assess renal function,then rats were sacrificed and renal tissues were immediately harvested.AKI score was evaluated by renal histopathology and gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in kidney was assayed with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results Compared with sham group,blood urea nitrogen (BUN),creatinine (Cr) and AKI score were significandy increased in model group [BUN (mmoUL):22.64 ±2.36 vs.7.09 ±0.65,t=6.986,P=0.000; Cr (μmol/L):177.28 ± 18.67 vs.60.32 ± 3.11,t=7.134,P=0.000; AKI score:9.14 ± 0.28 vs.0.30 ± 0.23,t=9.013,P=0.000].Moreover,the mRNA expressions of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly elevated in model group (IL-1β mRNA:3.23 ± 0.28 vs.1.00 ±0.07,t=5.874,P=0.000; IL-6 mRNA:4.16 ±0.37 vs.1.00 ±0.08,t=7.125,P=0.000; TNF-α mRNA:3.85 ±0.31 vs.1.00 ±0.10,t=6.342,P=0.000).However,serum BUN,Cr,AKI score and the mRNA expressions of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in TSG-6-treated group were significantly lower than those in model group [BUN (mmol/L):14.07 ± 5.23 vs.22.64 ± 2.36,t=2.533,P=0.026; Cr (μmol/L):112.76 ± 14.81 vs.177.28 ± 18.67,t=2.778,P=0.016; AKI score:5.35 ±0.19 vs.9.14 ±0.28,t=2.885,P=0.013; IL-1β mRNA:2.26 ± 0.19 vs.3.23 ±0.28,t=2.457,P=0.023; IL-6 mRNA:2.92 ±0.29 vs.4.16 ±0.37,t=2.975,P=0.011; TNF-α mRNA:2.58 ± 0.23 vs.3.85 ± 0.31,t=2.564,P=0.019].Conclusion TSG-6 attenuates AKI following paraquat poisoning by suppressing inflammatory response.

BACKGROUND: Porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds have good osteogenesis in vivo and in vitro. However, little research has been done on the complex regulation mechanisms of miRNAs involved. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of related miRNA expression in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic mineralization by porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds. METHODS: Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated, cultured and identified in vitro. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with porous hydroxyapatite scaffold were as experimental group, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured alone served as blank control group, both of which underwent osteogenic induction for 7 days. During the osteogenic mineralization, miRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the changes of miRNA expression profiles followed by GO analysis. The miRNA molecules with obvious expression differences were screened and verified by qRT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the blank control group, in the experimental group, the expression levels of BMP2, ALP and Runx2 mRNA were up-regulated, and the expression level of BMP2 was up-regulated significantly (P < 0.05). (2) Results of miRNA high-throughput sequencing showed that 13 miRNAs such as miR-210-3p and miR-146a-5p were up-regulated, and 17 miRNAs such as let-7c-3p and let-3615 were down-regulated significantly. (3) GO analysis revealed that up-regulated miRNA target genes were mainly involved in biological regulation, cellular gene expression, and gene expression regulation, mainly including nuclear factor-κB, Toll-like receptor 9, intercellular adhesion, interleukin-1 regulation, and signaling pathways such as angiogenesis and Hippo. (4) Real-time fluorescence quantitative qPCR results showed that miRNA-210 was up-regulated 15 times and miR-146a-5p was up-regulated 10 times in the experimental group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the new microchannel porous hydroxyapatite scaffold can promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by up-regulating miRNA-210-3p and miR-146a.

Objective To develop a three-dimensional element model of pig mandible impact injury and test the simulation results in an attempt to determine the feasibility and reliability of finite element numerical simulation method used in the maxillofacial impact injury.Methods CT data was used to develop a three-dimensional finite element model of pig mandible impact injury,and the dynamic process of impact injury was simulated.The simulation results were compared with the animal experiment and had energy check to validate the reliability and feasibility of the modeling and simulation methods.Results The three-dimensional finite element model was established successfully,containing 61,512 hexahedrons,5,450 tetrahedrons,4,030 trihedrons,and 67,159 nodes.The simulation process was realistic,and the simulation results showed no statistical difference with the animal experiment with regard to strain,acceleration,and other biomechanical properties (P ＞ 0.05).The simulated damage shape had a high similarity with animal specimens,and the result of energy check also complied with energy conservation law.Conclusion Finite element method is effective to simulate the dynamic process of mandible impact which ensures a correct and reliable model and simulation,and thus can be used to analyze the mechanism of maxillofacial impact injury.

Objective Finite element numerical simulation technique was applied to simulate the dynamic projectile injury process of human chin in different injury conditions and the mechanism of injury was discussed by using biomechanical analysis . Methods The 3D finite element model of human mandible projective injury was established to simulate the dynamic projectile inju‐ry process of human chin in different injury conditions (high ,medium and low speeds) ,and the simulation results were used to com‐parative analysis of biomechanics .Results The dynamic damage process of human chin projectile injury was simulated successfully in different injury conditions ,and the more serious injury of mandible was caused by faster speed .Conclusion The finite element method can simulate the projectile injury of mandible effectively ,and can provide a new thought and method for basic research and clinical treatment of oral and maxillofacial war injury .

Objective To simulate a finite element model for biomechanical analysis of mandible chin blast injury and analyze the mechanism of maxillofacial blast injury.Methods The three-dimensional element model of human mandible blast injury was established to simulate the dynamic process of injury to the mandible chin.Von Mises stress and effective strain were evaluated in biomechanical study of the simulation results.Results The dynamic damage process of human mandible chin blast injury was simulated successfully.In the condition of 1 000 mg and 3 cm,the Von Mises stress and effective were maximum at condylar neck region (9.1 × 106 Pa,0.62 × 10-3ε),were second at mandibular angle region (6.1 × 106 Pa,0.42 × 10-3ε),and minimum at mental foramen region (6.1 × 106 Pa,0.39 × 10-3ε).Blast distance rather than blast equivalent produced more effect on the mechanical parameters and damage degree.Conclusions Von Mises stress and effective strain can be applied to the evaluation of bone tissue damage.The finite element method is effective in simulating mandible blast injury and can provide a new thought and approach to clinical treatment of oral and maxillofacial blast injury.

Objective The simulation of the human mandible injury was carried out by using the finite element simulation technology ,and the biomechanical analysis of simulation results was developed to explore the mechanism of injuries .Methods The Chinese Visible Human digital data were used to establish the three-dimensional element model of mandible injuries ,and the dynam-ic processes of human mandible injuries in different conditions were simulated ,and the biomechanical analysis were carried out by u-sing the Von Mises stress and effective strain .Results The three-dimensional element model of mandible injuries was established , the dynamic damage and fracture of human mandible were simulated successfully ,the mandibular angle and condylar were the predi-lection parts of high-stress ,high-strain and fractures .Conclusion The Von Mises stress and effective strain can be used to predict and judge the bone tissue injuries ,the finite element method can simulate the impact injuries of mandible effectively ,and the simula-ted results can provide guidance and reference for basic research and clinical treatment of oral and maxillofacial injuries .

Objective To investigate the expressions of peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) of testis in rats with chronic ethanol feeding.Methods Forty rats were treated with different ethanol dosages for twenty weeks, the morphology of testis and protein expressions of PBR and StAR were observed.Results In the ethanol-feeding rats, seminiferous tubular wall of testes became thin and the layer of germ cells was significantly reduced, moreover, the broken spermatozoon′s flagella were frequently observed and few integrated spermatozoa were produced.Compared with control group, the protein expressions of PBR and StAR protein were reduced by 13.8%, 20.9%, 50.4% and 34.5%, 37.7%, 95.2% in low-, middle- and high-dose ethanol feeding group respectively by immunoprecipitation.Similarly, both locating at interstitial cells in testes were also decreased by 33.27 %, 37.71 %, 63.59 % and 27.12 %, 51.84 %, 58.41% in the same ethanol feeding groups respectively by immunohistochemistry.Conclusion Both PBR and StAR protein expressions are decreased in interstitial cells of testes in chronic ethanol-feeding rats, which shows positive correlation with ethanol dosage.

Objective To understand the distribution of inhaled allergens throughout Hainan province and explore effective preventive measures against allergen by examining the serum allergen of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), which will provide evidence for specific immunotherapy for treating CRS. Methods Three hundred and eighteen CRS patients underwent Phadiatop blood test by using the UniCAP 100 , a completely automatic autoanalyser. Allergen-specific IgE of 7 common allergens were tested and the concentration of total immunoglobulin E (TIgE) was collected and evaluated. Results The positive rates of the serum TIgE and inhaled allergens were 64.15% and 37.74% respectively. The incidences of the positive serum SIgE is 33.96%. Among the positive cases, 28.30% of the inhaled allergens were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, 27.36% for tropical mites, 21.07% for dermatophagoides farinae, 13.52% for cockroach, 11. 64% for house dust, 7. 86% for cat dander and 0.63% for dog dander. The incidences of positive TIgE and SIgE were not significantly different between patients with nasal polyps and sinusitis only. Conclusions Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, tropical mites and dermatophagoides farinae are the main inhaled allergens for CRS patients in Hainan.

Objective To determine the level of peripheral blood CD34 positive (CD34+) cells in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI),and to explore its clinical significance.Methods The level of peripheral blood CD34+ cells was determined by flow cytometry within 72 hours of onset of patients with acute cerebral infarction (infarct group,n=45),cerebrovascular risk factors in patients without cerebral infarction (high risk group,n=27) and healthy subjects (control group,n=20).The neural function defect score,infarction lesion volume and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) were determined in patients with infarction group.Results The percentages of peripheral blood CD34 cells in infarction group (0.034 ±0.012)％ and the high risk group of patients (0.047±0.009)％ were lower than that of control group(0.063±0.009)％,and were lower in infarction group than in high-risk groups (all P＜0.05).The percentages of peripheral blood CD34+cells were significantly decreased compared with control group (P＜0.05) in infarction patients with mild [(0.047±0.009)％],moderate [(0.036±0.009)％],severe [(0.022±0.007)％] infarction nervous function defect score.Wherein,the percentages were lower in severe group than in the moderate group,moderate group was lower than in mild group (all P＜0.05).The percentages of peripheral blood CD34 cells in infarction patients with small,moderate,large infaret lesion volume were lower than in control group (P＜0.05),wherein,were lower in large group than in moderate group,lower in moderate group than in treatment group (all P＜0.05).Infarction patients were confirmed with carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) by carotid ultrasound.The extent of lesion were divided into carotid artery intimal thickening group [(0.043±0.010)％],carotid artery plaque group [(0.036±0.010)％],and carotid artery stenosis group [(0.023±0.009)％].The levels of peripheral blood CD34+ cells in three groups of patients were decreased compared with control group.The levels were lower in carotid artery stenosis group than in carotid artery plaque group,lower in carotid artery plaque group than in carotid artery intimal thickening group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The level of peripheral blood CD34+ cells in acute cerebral ischemia is reduced,it can become a sensitive and early indicator of cerebral ischemia,and its level is related to neurologic impairment,infarction size and the degree of carotid artery atherosclerosis.

Objective To observe the change of peripheral blood CD34+ cell level in patients with acute cerebral infarction, and explore its relationships with cerebrovascular risk factors,neurological function and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). Methods The 45 patients with acute cerebral infarction (onset within 72 h) (infarction group) and 27 patients with cerebr ovascular risk factors but without cerebral infarction (high-risk group) were chosen for the study. The cerebrovascular disease risk factors including history of alcohol abuse, smoking, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, abnormal levels of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were recorded in all subjects. The peripheral blood CD34+ cell levels were measured by flow cytometry.The correlations of peripheral blood CD34+ cell level with cerebrovascular disease risk factors were analyzed. The neurological function and carotid artery IMT were recorded in infarction group, and the correlations of peripheral blood CD34+ cell level with neurological function and carotid artery IMT were analyzed. Results (1) The peripheral blood CD34+ cell level was significantly negatively correlated with coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and LDL-C level (r =- 0. 749,-0. 717, - 0. 688, - 0. 764, all P＜0. 01) ; (2) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that peripheral blood CD34+ cell level was an independent relative factor of acute cerebral infarction (P＜0.05); (3) The peripheral blood CD34+ cell level was lower in infarction group than in high-risk group, and was significantly negatively correlated with neurological deficit score (r=-0. 721, P＜0.01) and carotid artery IMT (r= -0. 695, P＜0. 01). Conclusions Peripheral blood CD34+ cell level could be an independent relative factor of acute cerebral infarction; The peripheral blood CD34+ cell level is significantly negatively correlated with neurological function and carotid artery IMT in patients with acute cerebral infarction; And it can be used as cytological marker which reflect early vascular endothelial function in patients with ischemic stroke.