Thyroid diseases are often accompanied with dyslipidemia.In me past,low level of myroid hormone(TH) was considered a main factor in causing elevated level of blood cholesterol in hypothyroid patients.However,some clinical features can not be explained by this traditional theory. For example,in subclinical hypothyroid cases,both levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and serum total cholesterol (TC) increase,while TH level remains normal.From this phenomenon,we speculate that in case with hypothyroidism,not only there is a relationship between serum TC and TH levels,but also serum TC level change is related to TSH in some way,which has not been noticed.The purpose of this paper is to review the new and most advanced progress in the research of TSH and cholesterol.

Objective To explore the effectively of N -acetylcysteine effervescent tablets combined tiotropium bromide powders for inhalation in treatment of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods 72 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomly divided into control group(36 cases)and treatment group(36 cases)according to random number table method.In treatment group,patients were given N -acetylcysteine effervescent tablets(600mg,2 times/d,oral)and tiotropium bromide powders for inhalation(18 μg,one time /d)for a month,and in the control group,patients were given tiotropium bromide powders for inhalation (18 μg,one time /d).Pulmonary function and clinical changed symptoms were observed as evaluation index before and after treatment in patients of the two groups Results The total effective rate were 61.1%,83.3% in the treatment group and control group respectively,there was a statistically significant difference (χ2 =4.430,P =0.035).Before the treatment,there was no significant differences between the two groups of patients with pulmonary function(P >0.05).After a month,pulmonary function of patients′FEV1 ,FVC and FEV1 /FVC in the treatment group were (1.9 ±0.6)L,(3.1 ±0.3)L and (67.9 ±8.4)% respectively,which in the control group were (1.6 ±0.5)L,(2.7 ±0.2)L and (59.3 ±7.4)%,there were significant differences(t =2.304,6.564,4.609, P =0.021,0.000,0.000).Conclusion N -acetylcysteine effervescent tablets combined with tiotropium bromide powders for inhalation can improve the clinical curative effect for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,which can be used to improve the patients'clinical symptoms and pulmonary function.

Objective To derive reference limits of cardiac functional parameters (CFP) determined by gated myocardial SPECT imaging, and to analyze the influence of gender, age and weight on CFP. Methods One hundred and seventy-five consecutive outpatients (89 males with age of (48.3±10.7) years and 86 females with age of (49.8±10.4) years) were defined as patients with low-likelihood coronary heart disease (LCHD). All patients underwent adenosine or exercise stress 99Tcm-MIBI G-MPI from February 2008 to April 2011. The EF, EDV and ESV of the left ventricle were measured by quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) software. The reference limits were derived by means of Gaussian distribution or percentiles. The influence of gender, age and weight on CFP was analyzed by multiple regressions for linear models. Two-sample t test was used to analyze data of 2 groups. Parameters between different age groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance. Results The lower reference limit of EF for males was 50%, the upper limit of EDV and ESV was 112 ml and 49 ml respectively. For females, the corresponding reference limits were 54%, 77 ml and 30 ml. Men had higher EDV, ESV (EDV: (75.8±18.3) ml vs (53.3±11.7) ml, t=9.35, P<001; ESV: (27.1±10.9) ml vs (14.3±7.9) ml, t=8.59, P<0.01) and lower EF than women ((65.1±76)% vs (74.7±10.0)%, t=-6.92, P<0.01). The incidence of small hearts in women was 76%(65/86). The gender and age was the primary and secondary predictors of both of EF and ESV, while the body weight was a significantly third predictor for cardiac volume. Patients were dived into different age (≤40 years, 41-49 years, ≥50 years) groups. For males, EDV, ESV and EF were not significantly different among the different age groups (F values: 1.106, 0.954, 1.029, all P>0.05). For females, EDV was not different (F=2408, P>005), while ESV and EF were significantly different among 3 groups (F values: 5.010, 6.229, both P<0.05). Conclusions The CFP determined by G-MPI in LCHD patients are significantly affected by gender and age. The age-related changes of CFP in males are different from those in females.

Objective To investigate the underlying mechnisms of Kangai-1(KAI1)gene,a tumor metastasis suppressor gene,on metastasis and prolification of pancreatic cancer cells.Methods The plasmin containing Ad-KAI1 was established and transfected into pancreatic cancer cell line PCNA Ⅰ.The PCNA Ⅰ cells were then divided into different groups according to the times induced by vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and epidermal growth factor(EGF).The morphology and migrational ability of PANC Ⅰ cells were compared before and after transfection by microscopy and transwell method,respectively.The expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9)in PANC Ⅰ cells were examined by immunocytochemistry before and after transfection.Results The migrational ability of PCNA Ⅰ cells transfected with Ad-KAI1 was siginificantly decreased compared with untransfected PCNA Ⅰ cells(P＜0.05).Immunocytochemistry study revealed that the expressions of ICAM-1 and MMP-9 were both positive in untransfected PCNA Ⅰcells,but were both negative in transfected PCNA Ⅰ cells.Conclusion The inhibitory mechanism of KAI1 gene on metastasis of pancreatic cancer is associated with down-regulation of ICAM-1 and MMP-9expressions.

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) on oxidized low-den-sity lipoprotein ( ox-LDL )-induced macrophage apoptosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms . METHODS:RAW264.7 macrophages were pretreated with EEP (7.5, 15 and 30 mg/L), 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA, 5 mmol/L) or diphenyleneiodonium ( DPI, 5μmol/L) for 1 h and then treated with ox-LDL (100 mg/L) or tunicamycin ( TM, 4 mg/L) for 24 h.The cell viability and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit , re-spectively.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondial-dehyde (MDA) in the cells were measured.The protein levels of caspase-12, a proapoptotic molecule under endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS) , were examined by Western blot analysis .RESULTS:Like PBA ( an ERS inhibitor ) , EEP pro-tected RAW264.7 macrophages from ox-LDL-induced injury in a dose-dependent manner , as assessed by the increased cell viability and the decreased apoptotic rate .The decrease in cell viability and increase in apoptotic rate induced by TM , an ERS inducer, were also attenuated by EEP .Moreover, EEP suppressed ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress as revealed by the decreased generation of ROS and MDA as well as elevated SOD activity , which were similar to DPI , an oxidative stress in-hibitor.Furthermore, EEP significantly suppressed ox-LDL-or TM-induced activation of caspase-12.Similar results were observed in the cells pretreated with PBA or DPI and then treated with ox-LDL.CONCLUSION: EEP may protect RAW264.7 macrophages from ox-LDL-induced apoptosis and the mechanism is at least partially involved in the ability of EEP to suppress oxidative stress and subsequent activation of caspase -12.

Objective To understand the status of water contact and labor practice of residents in plateau mountain schisto?somiasis endemic areas in Yunnan Province so as to provide the evidence for formulating the strategy of prevention and control of schistosomiasis in the next step of work. Methods A total of 412 residents aged 6-65 years old in 2 villages were randomly sampled and investigated with questionnaires for their water contacts and labor practices in plateau valley schistosomiasis endem?ic areas. Then the schistosome infection status of the residents was surveyed with the indirect hemagglutination assay IHA . Re?sults Among the 412 residents investigated the rate of water contact was 88.35% and the main causes of water contact were watering and swimming and playing. The percentages of residents who had schistosomiasis history were 1.16% 0.00%30.80% 3.85% and 0 in them who had swimming and playing water?contacts bathing watering washing hands and others respectively χ2=38.96 P<0.01 . The positives of IHA in the above?mentioned residents were 18.60% 0.00% 37.60%23.08% and 0 respectively χ2=12.61 P<0.05 . Conclusions The productive infested water contact is the main way of schistosome infection. Therefore the changes of labor practices and water contact of the residents are very important for the ef?fective prevention and control of schistosomiasis transmission.

Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures based on infection source control in plateau mountain areas of Yunnan Province. Methods From 2006 to 2004,four administrative villages were selected as test areas from plateau canyon and plateau basin endemic areas in Jindun Town,Heqing County,two villages each type,and the comprehensive control measures were implemented,including the examination and treatment of schistosomiasis,Oncomela?nia hupensis snail survey and control,health education,improving drinking water and lavatories,banning grazing,constructing sanitary pen of livestock,replacing cattle with machine,etc. The schistosome infection state and snail status in 2006 were treat?ed as the baseline information,and the effect of the comprehensive measures were evaluated. Results The infection rate of hu?man in plateau canyon areas decreased from 4.94%in 2006 to 0.06%in 2014,and that of livestock decreased from 1.11%to 0. In plateau basin areas,there was only 1 case of schistosomiasis found in Xiaolian Village in 2007,and no any other cases found in the other years,the infection rates of livestock dropped from 7.38%to 0. Compared with 2006,the snail areas in the two type areas decreased by 74.89%and 75.30%,respectively,meanwhile,the percentage of snail area,the occurrence rate of frames with snails,as well as the average density of living snails also decreased,and no infected snails were found since 2008. Xidian and Xinzhuang villages in plateau canyon area reached the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission controlled in 2009,and Xiao?lian and Kangfu villages in plateau basin reached the criteria of transmission interrupted in 2014. Conclusions The comprehen?sive schistosomiasis control measures based on infection source control can effectively control the endemic situation of schistoso? miasis in plateau areas of Yunnan Province. In the future,we should pay an equal attention to the infection sources control and snail control to consolidate and amplify the achievement of schistosomiasis control.

Postoperative asymptomatic patients with early cancer (lung cancer) have dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in their metastatic target organs, and the proliferation of these DTCs is the key link leading to clinical metastasis. The development of therapeutic agents to maintain DTCs dormant or eradicate dormant DTCs will prevent tumor metastasis and break through the bottleneck of improving the overall efficacy of treating malignant tumors. This paper reviews the methods of establishing in vitro and in vivo research models of DTCs with dormant characteristics to promote the understanding of dormant DTCs and improve the research and development efficiency of anti-tumor metastasis drugs.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in the isthmus (PTMCI) and the independent risk factors of central lymph node metastasis.Methods:58 consecutive patients with PTMCI admitted from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2018 (isthmus group) were retrospectively analyzed, including 15 males and 43 females,age (42.93±12.69) years old; According to the specific location of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in isthmus, PTMCI were subdivided into the right PTMCI and the left PT-MCI 67 patients with a single PTMC located in the unilateral lobe were randomly selected as a control (lobe group) , including 13 cases of male and 54 cases of female, age (47.18±11.34) years old. Index included the patient’s age, gender, tumor diameter, TPOAb, aspect ratio, microcalcification, capsular invasion, lymph node metastasis, surgical methods, operation method, and scope of lymph node dissection. SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The quantitative data of normal distribution was expressed as ± s,and the difference between the two groups was compared by chi-square test.The risk factors of CLNM of the isthmus group were analyzed with univariate chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The difference was statistically significant if P<0.05. Results:Compared with PTMC, PTMCI showed a higher rate of capsule invasion ( P=0.003) ,lymph node metastasis ( P=0.049) ,lymph node metastasis in central region ( P=0.033) ,and surgical methods between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05) ;But PTMCI was significantly lower than PTMC in aspect ratio>1 ( P<0.05) . Univariate analysis showed that capsule invasion ( P=0.001) and microcalcification ( P=0.012) were risk factors for PTMCI lymph node metastasis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that capsule invasion ( P=0.016) and microcalcification ( P=0.046) were independent risk factors for central lymph node metastasis in PTMCI. Conclusions:Compared with PTMC,PTMCI indicates a higher rate of capsular invasion,lymph node metastasis in prelaryngeal and central lymph node;Compared with PTMC, PTMCI indicates a lower rate of aspect ratio>1; Capsule invasion and microcalcification are independent risk factors for central lymph node metastasis in PTMCI. For patients with the right PTMCI or the left PTMCI and also without capsular invasion and calcification,ipsilateral central lymph node dissection should be considered.

Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality among the Chinese.Tumor node metastasis(TNM)staging established by the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)and International Union Against Cancer(UICC)is a commonly used criterion,but it still has limitations in judging the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.With the advantages of real-time and convenient sampling,the immune score based on peripheral blood biomarkers have the ability to predict prognosis and efficacy of NSCLC patients,which have been developed and validated in clinical studies.However,clinical impleruentation of peripheral immune scores is still not widely in NSCLC patients.Therefore,this study introduces and evaluates the 6 peripheral immune scores and reviews the reseach progress of them in the treatment of NSCLC.