0.05). In the control test against tne sera of normal persons, the false positive rate of the two antigens was both 7.7%(4/52).It is suggested that O. armillata adult worm may be used as a heteroantigen for diagnosis of filariasis.

A 13 year old male farmer suffered from cutaneous and nail phaeohyphomycosis for five years is reported in this paper. The lesions were dull red, nodules and well defined plaques with ulcerations, mainly on the face, extremities, palmar and plantar surfaces and buttocks. Some of them were covered with thick greyish black crusts. General examination did not reveal abnormal findings except the skin lesions. Histopathology showed granulomatous response with numerous light brown septate branching hyphae. The colonies were greyish brown on SDA and PDA at 25℃ and 37℃ with brownish black ascomata. The ioslated strain was identified as Chaetomium globosum based on the morphological features of ascomata, ascomal hairs and ascospores.

Objective To observe the protective effects of AG on the myocardial ultrastructure of diabetic rats.Methods STZ-induced diabetic male SD rats were divided into two groups: aminoguanidine(AG group,50 mg?kg~(-1) body weight by daily gavage) and diabetes mellitus groups(DM group).Age-matched normal male SD rats served as normal control(NC group).After 10 weeks of treatment the level of blood glucose was measured and the rats were killed.Cardiac muscle were observed by transmission electronic microscope.Results The changes of cardiac ultrastructure had no significant difference between AG-group and NC-group and were better in AG group than in DM group as following:(1) Myofibril arranged tidily with intact regular edge;(2) Mitochodria were big and normomorph with crests arranging densely,some mitochondria gathered locally;(3)Base membrane of blood vessels didn′t thicken with lumen not narrowed;(4) The collagenous fiber in stroma reduced but amorphous material didn′t reduced. Conclusions The ultrastructure pictures of diabetic cardiomyopathy is inhibited or delayed by AG,which suggests that AGEs may play some role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

[Objective] To explore the in-vitro determination method for the recovery rate of sinomenine in microdialysis probe and to investigate the influencing factors. [Methods] The recovery rate of sinomenine was detected by concentration difference method (by gain and by loss) and zero-net flux method. [Results] The recovery rate detected by increment method was as the same as that by decrement method; the recovery rate had no correlation with the sinomenine concentration in the solvent. Sinomenine recovery assessed by concentration difference method had a good intra-day stability and intra-day reproducibility. Sinomenine concentration and recovery in the solvent could be determined accurately by zero-net flux method. [ Conclusion ] Microdialysis sampling can be used for the pharmacokinetic study of sinomenine and decrement method (ie. retrodialysis) can be used for the determination of recovery rate of sinomenine.

Objective To study preventive measures against conversions to open surgery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Methods The study was based on 25 cases of conversions to laparotomy out of 852 cases of LC(2.93%)from December 1999 to October 2005 in this hospital.The clinical data revealed a bile duct injury in 3 cases,bleeding in 1 case,severe adhesion in abdominal cavity or between the gallbladder and neighboring tissues in 9 cases,disturbed anatomy and adhesion in the region of the Calot's triangle in 5 cases,cholecystoduodenal fistula in 2 cases,and Mirizzi syndrome(type Ⅱ)in 5 cases.Results The conversion to open surgery was successfully completed in all the 25 cases.No complication was encountered.Follow-up examinations for 1～2 years showed no bile duct stenosis.Conclusions Proper preoperative patient selection and use of intraoperative preventive measures are helpful to minimize the possibility of conversion to open surgery.

Objective To investigate the mycologic features and variation in gene sequence of a hot-resistant Trichophyton rubrum which caused granulomatous skin lesion.Methods The isolate was identified by routine and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique.Ribosomal conserved sequence and trs-1(tandem repetitive subelement)sequence in the ribosomal non-transcribed spacer(NTS)were determined.Results The hot-resistant isolate was identified as T.rubrum by routine and PCR technique.The trs-1sequence variation in rDNA NTS was found in the strain.Conclusion The trs-1sequence variation suggests that this strain be one of isotypic variants of T.rubrum,which has much higher pathogenicity to cause granulomatous skin lesion,or sequence variation of the strain may be the result of adapting itself to environmental change(37℃),which needs further studies.

Objective To explore the effectively of N -acetylcysteine effervescent tablets combined tiotropium bromide powders for inhalation in treatment of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods 72 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomly divided into control group(36 cases)and treatment group(36 cases)according to random number table method.In treatment group,patients were given N -acetylcysteine effervescent tablets(600mg,2 times/d,oral)and tiotropium bromide powders for inhalation(18 μg,one time /d)for a month,and in the control group,patients were given tiotropium bromide powders for inhalation (18 μg,one time /d).Pulmonary function and clinical changed symptoms were observed as evaluation index before and after treatment in patients of the two groups Results The total effective rate were 61.1%,83.3% in the treatment group and control group respectively,there was a statistically significant difference (χ2 =4.430,P =0.035).Before the treatment,there was no significant differences between the two groups of patients with pulmonary function(P >0.05).After a month,pulmonary function of patients′FEV1 ,FVC and FEV1 /FVC in the treatment group were (1.9 ±0.6)L,(3.1 ±0.3)L and (67.9 ±8.4)% respectively,which in the control group were (1.6 ±0.5)L,(2.7 ±0.2)L and (59.3 ±7.4)%,there were significant differences(t =2.304,6.564,4.609, P =0.021,0.000,0.000).Conclusion N -acetylcysteine effervescent tablets combined with tiotropium bromide powders for inhalation can improve the clinical curative effect for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,which can be used to improve the patients'clinical symptoms and pulmonary function.

This study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of kaempferol on inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated HMC-1 mast cells. The cytotoxicity of kaempferol to HMC-1 mast cells were analyzed by using MTT assay and then the administration concentrations of kaempferol were established. Histamine, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α were measured using ELISA assay in activated HMC-1 mast cells after incubation with various concentrations of kaempferol (10, 20 and 40 µmol.L-1). Western blot was used to test the protein expression of p-IKKβ, IκBα, p-IκBα and nucleus NF-κB of LPS-induced HMC-1 mast cells after incubation with different concentrations of kaempferol. The optimal concentrations of kaempferol were defined as the range from 5 µmol.L-1 to 40 µmol.L-1. Kaempferol significantly decreased the release of histamine, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α of activated HMC-1 mast cells (P<0.01). After incubation with kaempferol, the protein expression of p-IKKβ, p-IKBa and nucleus NF-κB (p65) markedly reduced in LPS-stimulated HMC-1 mast cells (P<0.01). Taken together, we concluded that kaempferol markedly inhibit mast cell-mediated inflammatory response. At the same time, kaempferol can inhibit the activation of IKKβ, block the phosphorylation of IκBα, prevent NF-KB entering into the nucleus, and then decrease the release of inflammatory mediators.

ObjectiveTo investigate changes of Th17/Treg ratio in peripheral blood of patients with traumatic sepsis and discuss the underlying clinical significance.MethodsThrity-five multi-trauma patients enrolled in the study were divided into trauma group (n =22) and sepsis group (n =13 ).Another nine healthy volunteers were designed as the control group.Peripheral blood was collected from all the groups so as to determine the ratios of Th17 and Treg by flow cytometry,detect the mRNA expressions of RORγt and FoxP3 by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR and measure serum levels of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,IL-17A,IL-23,transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β),interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and C-reaction protein (CRP) by ELISA.Further,the change of Th17/Treg ratio and its clinical significance were analyzed.ResultsThe proportion of Th17 in the trauma group showed no significant difference with that in the control group, whereas the ratio of Th17/Treg was lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of Th17 and ratio of Th17/Treg in the sepsis group were higher than those in the trauma group and control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).Serum concentrations of TGF-β,IL-6 and IL-23 in the sepsis group were all significantly higher than those in the control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Serum levels of TGF-β had no significant difference between the sepsis group and the trauma group,while serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-23 in the sepsis group were higher than those in the trauma group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Serum level of IL-17A and mRNA expression of RORγt in the sepsis group were higher than those in the trauma and control groups ( both P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionTh17/Treg imbalance is closely correlated with the development of sepsis in patients with severe trauma.

Objective To report a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Curvularia clavata in China. Methods The skin specimen was collected, and examined by KOH preparation, fungus culture and histopathology. Results A 17-year-old male farmer had dull red, warty and well-defined plaques with some ulceration on his face and his left upper arm for nine years and a history of trauma of his face before the appearance of the lesions. General examination did not reveal abnormal findings except the skin lesions. KOH direct examination showed septate hyphae with irregular branches. On the culture medium the colonies were black in color. Under microscope the conidia were borne singly or in groups at the tip or at the sides of the conidiophores, they were light brown to brown, smooth, straight or slightly curved and clavate, measuring 15 ~ 30 ?m long and 6 ~ 12 ?m thick, with 3 ~ 4 septates. Histopathology showed a granulomatous response. PAS staining showed irregularly swollen or toruloid conidia with branched hyphae. The isolated strain was identified as Curvularia clavata Jain. Conclusion It is the first case report of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Curvularia clavata in China.