Objective: To investigate the apoptotic effects and its mechanisms on K562 cells caused by Interferon-alpha (INF-?) and Cytarabine (Ara-C). Methods: The variation of both morphology and inhibitory rate of K562 cells was observed in culture medium with IFN-? and various concentrations of Ara-C at different time in vitro. The variation of telomerase activity and P53 protein expression were detected before and after apoptosis occurred. Results: INF-? and Ara-C used concurrently could cause apoptosis and inhibit the growth of K562 cells as well as decrease the telomerase activity and increase P53 protein expression significantly. All these processes showed both in time- and dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: INF-? and Ara-C used concurrently can inhibit the growth of K562 cells and induce apoptosis, inhibiting the telomerase activity and increasing the expression of P53 protein may be one of the most important mechanisms.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of orindonin induced apoptosis on NB4 (Human acute promylocytic leukeamia cell line) cells. Methods: The variation of both morphology and inhibitory rate of NB4 cells were observed in culture medium with various concentrations of orindonin at different time in vitro. The activity of Caspase3 was detected before and after apoptosis occurred. Results: orindonin could increase the activity of Caspase3, inhibit the growth and cause apoptosis on NB4 cells significantly. The variations were both in time and dose dependent manner. Conclusion: Orindonin can inhibit the growth of NB4 cells and induce apoptosis. Increasing the activity of Caspase3 may be one of the most important mechanism.

Interactions between FMDV and cardiac cells are multifaceted and complex ,these interactions leads to pro-teins alterations in cardiac cells inevitably .To understand the pathogenesis of myocarditis after FMDV infection in mice ,the suckling mouse model for myocarditis induced by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was established in this study .Suckling mice within 3 days old was selected to infect by FMDV .Myocarditis caused by FMDV in suckling mice was confirmed with clinical symptom monitor .The observation of Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E stain) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed after samples processing .According to conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods ,prim-ers of VP1 gene was designed ,synthesised and specific FMDV VP1 gene was amplified from the heart muscle of suckling mice . The results indicated that suckling mice appeared low spirit condition ,dyspnea ,and dull reaction within 36 hours after chal-lenge with FMDV .Infiltration of inflammatory cells and dissolution of myocardial fibers were observed with H&E stain and TEM .Special target gene of FMDV was amplified from the heart of infected group .Obvious inflammation in the heart of suck-ling mice caused by FMDV was observed .It's suggested that suckling mouse model for myocarditis induced by FMDV was es-tablished successfully ,which would lay the foundation for researches of myocarditis mechanism in young cloven-hoofed ani-mals .

AIM:To demonstrate the inhibitoary effects of Longkai Granules(LKG) against experimental prostatic hyperplasia and evaluate its toxicity on animals taking the granules orally. METHODS: The prostate exponent,DNA content in prostate tissue、the activity of acid phosphatase in serum or the wet weight of spermatophores and testicles in normal immature mice and in the hyperplasia model mice induced by subcutaneous injecting testooslerone spropionate or by implanting of the urogenital sinus were determined after administrating of LKG intragastrically to the mice.The single maximum dosage of LKG in mice and its long-term(13 weeks) toxicity in Wistar rats and Beagle dogs in orally was evaluated. RESULTS: LKG could decrease the weights of prostates and DNA content in the tissue in the normal immature mice in the amount of 20 and 40 g/kg once a day.LKG,in the amount of both 10,20 and 40 g/kg for 10 days and 20 and 40 g/kg for 30 days,could inhibit the hyperplasia of ventral prostates in the model mice induced respectively by the injection of testooslerone spropionate and by implanting urogenital sinus.LKG,in the(amount) of 100 g/kg for 13 weeks to Wistar rats,would lead to prostatic atraphy in alight degree,and its epithelial cells change in shape from column to flat and prostatic cavity being small,which did not recover in 4 weeks after stopping administration of tested drug to the animals.The single maximum dosage by ig in mice was 200 g/kg.There was no significant toxicity reaction in rats in the amount of 10,40 and 100 g/kg for 13 weeks or in Beagle dogs in the amount of 12 and 60 g/kg for 13 weeks. CONCLUSION: LKG can inhibit the prostatic hyperplasia and shows no visible toxic reaction in animals orally.

Objective To explore the effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) combined with Xianling Gubao capsule on treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCF).Methods 118 postmenopausal women diagnosed as OVCF and meeting the standard were collected from Mar.2012 to Jul.2016 in our hospital.They were randomly divided into two groups:observation group and the control group.General information of the two groups were comparable.The patients of the control group received PKP combined with traditional anti-osteoporosis therapy.The patients of observation group received Xianling Gubao capsule on the basis of the control group.The lumbar bone density (BMD,greater trochanter BMD,femoral neck BMD,Ward triangle BMD,the Japanese orthopaedic association(JOA)score,the visual analogue score (VAS) score,the serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG),receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)and adverse reactions were recorded during the treatment.Results The lumbar BMD,greater trochanter BMD,femoral neck BMD,Ward triangle BMD of observation group at 6-month after operation were higher than those before operation and those of control group (P＜0.05).The VAS score and JOA score of the observation group were superior to those of the control group at 6-month after operation (P＜0.05).The serum levels of OPG of observation group were higher than those of control group,while the serum levels of RANKL of observation group were lower than those of control group at 6-month after operation (P＜0.05).No severe adverse reactions occurred in the two groups during the treatment.Conclusion Xianling Gubao capsule can significantly improve bone metabolism of postmenopausal women with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous kyphoplasty,increasing BMD,improving lumbar function,relieving pain,without increasing complication rates.

Objective To explore the protective effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) metasta-sis associated in lung denocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) involved in hyperoxia-induced lung injury in preterm infants.Methods This study had downloaded chip data set GSE25286 (Mouse GEO Genome 430 2.0 Array) from gene expression database gene expression omnibus (GEO),according to the state of hyperoxia exposure,the MALAT1 mRNA expression in rats normal lung tissues and hyperoxic lung tissues was compared at day 14th and 29th.In chip data set GSE43830(Human Exon 1.0 ST Arrays) from GEO,the expression of multi-ple genes[cell division cycle 6(CDC6),death effector domain containing 2(DEDD2),and Cyclin B1 (CCNB1)] in WI38 cells(lung fibroblasts) was compared before and after MALAT1 was knockout.At the same time,the peripheral blood samples of premature infants were collected to verify.Totally 40 premature infants were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in our hospital from Jan 2015 to Dec 2016,the pe-ripheral blood samples of 40 premature infants were collected.RNA was extracted and Real time-PCR was performed after reverse transcription,clinical data of these 40 cases were retrospectively analyzed. Results (1) By using Affymetrix Expression console and Affymetrix Transcriptome analysis console software source files of the chip of pretreatment and difference expression gene screening,the expression of lncRNA MALAT1 gene in lung tissues of hyperoxia lung injury mice significantly upregulated[fold change(FC) =2.33,P=0.001].(2) After MALAT1 in WI38 cell was knockout,MALAT1 expression was significantly reduced(FC= -15.6,P=0.000),the expression of CDC6(FC= -2.37,P=0.001) and CCNB1(FC=-2.16,P=0.002) were down regulated,DEDD2 expression was up regulated(FC =2.46,P =0.000). (3) The results of peripheral blood samples from preterm infants showed that the expression of MALAT1 was significantly increased in preterm infants with hyperoxia-induced lung injury(0.375 5 ± 0.081 9,t =4.634, P=0.015),compared with normal preterm infants(0.273 4 ± 0.067 3).Conclusion Through inhibiting cell apoptosis,lncRNA MALAT1 can protect preterm infants with hyperoxia-induced lung injury,it may provide a new strategy for prevention and treatment of hyperoxia-induced lung injury in premature infants.

Objective:To compare the effect of interlocking intramedullary nail and locking plate in the treatment of varus proximal humeral fractures in the elderly.Method:A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 46 elderly patients with varus proximal humeral fractures treated in Central Theater General Hospital of PLA from June 2016 to January 2019, including 27 males and 19 females, at age of 60-84 years［（71.9±5.7）years］. All fractures were fresh. Overall 25 patients were treated with interlocking intramedullary nail（intramedullary nail group）, and 21 patients were treated with locking plate（bone plate group）. The incision length, operation time, intraoperative bleeding and fracture healing time were compared between the two groups. Visual analogue scale（VAS）was used to evaluate the degree of pain relief at 1 week and 1 month after operation, and Constant-Murley score was used to evaluate the recovery of shoulder function at 1 month, 3 months and 1 year after operation. The cervical trunk angle was recorded at 2 days and 1 year after operation to judge whether there was a loss of cervical trunk angle. Postoperative complications were observed.Results:All patients were followed up for 12-32 months［（19.7±6.6）months］. The incision length［（7.1±0.6）cm］, operation time［（60.8±5.2）minutes］, intraoperative bleeding［（64.4±8.4）ml］and fracture healing time［（10.0±1.0）weeks］in intramedullary nail group were significantly less than those in bone plate group［（13.6±0.9）cm,（80.2±8.1）minutes,（151.0±15.2）ml,（11.0±1.5）weeks］（ P<0.05）. In both groups, the VAS decreased significantly over time, and markedly increased Constant-Murley score was detected as well（ P<0.05）. The VAS in intramedullary nail group［（2.8±0.2）points,（1.1±0.2）points］was significantly lower than that in bone plate group［（4.0±0.2）points,（1.5±0.1）points］at 1 week and 1 month after operation（ P<0.05）. The Constant-Murley score in intramedullary nail group［（59.9±6.9）points,（79.1±6.8）points］was higher than that in bone plate group［（50.1±8.5）points,（73.6±8.4）points］at 1 month and 3 months after operation（ P<0.05）, but the score showed no significant difference between intramedullary nail group［（89.1±5.3）points］and bone plate group［（86.4±6.4）points］at 1 year after operation（ P>0.05）. According to Constant-Murley score, 10 patients were evaluated as excellent and 15 patients as good in intramedullary nail group at 1 year after operation, with the excellent and good rate of 100%, while 8 patients were evaluated as excellent, 11 patients as good and 2 patients as fair in bone plate group at 1 year after operation, with the excellent and good rate of 91%（ P>0.05）. The cervical trunk angle in intramedullary nail group［（140.2±2.9）°,（139.6±2.3）°］had significant difference from that in bone plate group［（139.6±3.2）°,（138.8±3.3）°］at 2 days and 1 year after operation（ P<0.05）. In both groups, the cervical trunk angle had slight lost at 1 year after operation compared with that at 2 days after operation, but the difference was not statistically significant（ P>0.05）. In intramedullary nail group, 1 patient had subacromial impact. In bone plate group, 1 patient had screw cutting, 2 patients subacromial impact, and 2 patients delayed fracture healing. The incidence of complications in intramedullary nail group was 4%（1/25）, lower than 24%（5/21）in bone plate group（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:Compared with locking nail plate, interlocking intramedullary nail in the treatment of senile varus proximal humeral fracture has the advantages of small trauma, early fracture healing, less pain, early function recovery and less complications.

Objective:To investigate the role of three-dimensional dose distribution-based deep learning model in predicting distant metastasis of head and neck cancer.Methods:Radiotherapy and clinical follow-up data of 237 patients with head and neck cancer undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) from 4 different institutions were collected. Among them, 131 patients from HGJ and CHUS institutions were used as the training set, 65 patients from CHUM institution as the validation set, and 41 patients from HMR institution as the test set. Three-dimensional dose distribution and GTV contours of 131 patients in the training set were input into the DM-DOSE model for training and then validated with validation set data. Finally, the independent test set data were used for evaluation. The evaluation content included the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, concordance index and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis.Results:In terms of prognostic prediction of distant metastasis of head and neck cancer, the DM-DOSE model based on three-dimensional dose distribution and GTV contours achieved the optimal prognostic prediction performance, with an AUC of 0.924, and could significantly distinguish patients with high and low risk of distant metastasis (log-rank test, P<0.001). Conclusion:Three-dimensional dose distribution has good predictive value for distant metastasis in head and neck cancer patients treated with IMRT, and the constructed prediction model can effectively predict distant metastasis.

In recent years, studies have shown that transplanted neural stem cells (NSCs) help neural tissues regenerate and return to normal through paracrine action rather than just replacing cells. Exosomes are essential paracrine mediators that can participate in cell communication through substance transmission. This review focuses on NSCs regulated by exosomes and their application in treatment of nervous system diseases, in order to provide important references for further research and clinical application of NSCs exosomes..