Internally, there is internal quality self-evaluation by the higher education institutions, and externally, there are institutional accreditation and professional accreditation by accrediting agencies. About 80 accrediting agencies take charge of such kind of accreditation respectively. They are recognized by non-governmental Council for Higher Education Accreditation, or by US Department of Education, or by both. State quality reviews of higher education are reviews for state licensure which affect private institutions and reviews for accountability which primarily affect public institutions. A multi-level wide spectrum of higher education accreditation system of United States is so clearly analyzed. Additionally, variety of ranking of higher education institutions and programs are produced through statistical analysis of questionnaires fry different commercial publishers.

The existing higher educational systems in different countries of Europe are so complicated and diversified that they cause a lot of trouble when the economic process of integration is underway.Thus, the trend is towards reformation of the national educational systems.The main purpose of the reformation is to pursue convergence as well as internationalization. Three important conferences on the reformation have been held since 1998. The conclusions of the conferences are presented, and both analysis and synthesis of the reformation extending all over Europe are given. It is hoped that the European idea and practice of reformation will be an inspiration to and used for reference by the higher education in China as it will also move towards internationalization after the joining of WTO.

Objective To investigate the effects of nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) on proliferation,adhesion,migration and invasion of remal cell curcinomai (RCC) cells. Methods We constructed a NOV expression plasmid and transfected the plasmid into RCC cell line 786-O and analyzed the effects of NOV expression on proliferation,adhesion,migration and invasion of RCC cells by growth curve assay,WST-1 assay,cell adhesion assay,matrigel invasion assay and transwell migration assay. Results The stable NOV transfected 786-O cells (786-O-NOV) showed decreased growth rate,at 48 h and 72 h,the proliferation activities of 786-O-NOV cells were inhibited by 29.14％ and 32.46％ the proliferation activities of empty vector cells were inhibited by 9.25％ and - 8.16％,respectively,compared to 786-O cells (P ＜0.05); while the 786-O cells transfected with empty vector (786-O-mock) had no difference with 786-Ocells.Adhesion assay indicated significantly increased adhesion of 786-O-NOV cells to fibronectin (0.26 ±0.03) and laminin (0.28 ±0.04),compared to 786-O cells (0.15 ±0.01,0.12±0.10) and 786-O-mock cells (0.14 ±0.02,0.13 ± 0.08).Invasion assay displayed that the numbers of cells penetrated through matrigel membrane were significantly higher in 786-O-NOV cells (240.25 ± 23.12) compared to 786-O cells ( 56.16 ± 6.25 ) and 786-O-mock cells ( 50.28 ± 7.13 ).Migration assay displayed that the numbers of cells passed through polycarbonate filters were significantly higher in 786-O-NOV cells (267.25 ± 20.94) compared to 786-O cells ( 66.10 ± 5.68 ) and 786-O-mock cells ( 56.28 ± 4.11 ).Conclusion NOV exhibits anti-proliferative effects on RCC cells; however,it promotes adhesion,migration and invasion of RCC cells.