Objective:To investigate the association between body composition and coronary artery calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods:This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with CKD hospitalized from May 2019 to April 2022 at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China. Skeletal muscle mass index and visceral fat area were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Coronary artery calcification was assessed by computed tomography. Patients were divided into coronary artery calcification group and non-coronary artery calcification group according to the incidence of coronary artery calcification. Patients were categorized into tertile groups according to their skeletal muscle mass index and visceral fat area levels ranging from the lowest to the highest levels (T1 to T3). We defined skeletal muscle mass index≤30.4% as low muscle mass and visceral fat area≥80.6 cm 2 as high visceral fat based on the results of the restricted cubic spline graph. All individuals were divided into 4 phenotypes: normal body composition, low muscle mass, high visceral fat, and low muscle mass with high visceral fat. Spearman correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between skeletal muscle mass index, visceral fat area and coronary artery calcification. Results:A total of 107 patients with CKD were enrolled, with an age of (60.0±14.1) years, including 41 female patients (38.3%). Patients of coronary artery calcification group had lower skeletal muscle mass index ((32.0±4.8) vs. (34.3±4.8), P=0.016) and higher visceral fat area ((70.8±32.6) cm 2 vs. (47.9±23.8) cm 2, P<0.001) than those of non-coronary artery calcification group. Patients in the T3 group of skeletal muscle mass index had a lower prevalence of coronary artery calcification (17 (48.6%) vs. 28 (77.8%)) and a lower coronary artery calcification score (0.5 (0, 124.0) vs. 12.0 (0.3, 131.0)) than those in the T1 group ( P<0.05). Similarly, patients in the T1 group of visceral fat area had a lower prevalence of coronary artery calcification (14 (40.0%) vs. 29 (80.6%)) and a lower coronary artery calcification score (0 (0, 3.0) vs. 37.0 (2.0, 131.0)) than those in the T3 group ( P<0.05). Likewise, patients with both low muscle mass and low muscle mass with high visceral fat had a higher prevalence of coronary artery calcification (11(78.6%) vs. 33 (47.8%); 15 (83.3%) vs. 33 (47.8%)) and a higher coronary artery calcification score (31.1 (0.8, 175.8) vs. 0 (0, 16.4); 27.6 (6.4, 211.4) vs. 0 (0, 16.4)) than those with normal body composition ( P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that skeletal muscle mass index was inversely correlated with coronary artery calcification score ( r=-0.212, P=0.028), and visceral fat area was positively correlated with coronary artery calcification score ( r=0.408, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased skeletal muscle mass index was inversely associated with coronary artery calcification prevalence (T2: OR=0.208, 95% CI: 0.056-0.770, P=0.019; T3: OR=0.195, 95% CI: 0.043-0.887, P=0.034), and reduced visceral fat area was inversely associated with coronary artery calcification prevalence (T1: OR=0.256, 95% CI: 0.071-0.923, P=0.037; T2: OR=0.263, 95% CI: 0.078-0.888, P=0.031). Consistently, both low muscle mass and low muscle mass with high visceral fat were associated with coronary artery calcification prevalence ( OR=6.616, 95% CI: 1.383-31.656, P=0.018; OR=5.548, 95% CI: 1.062-28.973, P=0.042). Conclusion:Reduced skeletal muscle mass index and increased visceral fat area are significantly associated with both the prevalence and severity of coronary artery calcification in patients with CKD.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

The geographical origin of forensic evidence provides important information for crime investigation and solving cases,and is one of the key elements of criminal cases.Previous studies have shown significant differences in the distribution of microorganisms in different regions.Detecting environmental DNA samples and inferring the geographical and spatial sources can provide clues and evidence for case handling.However,due to the diversity of criminal environments and the trace amount of frequently encountered exhibits,stable and reliable technical methods for inferring geographical origin from environmental DNA are not yet available.This article summarizes the sample collection and DNA extraction methods for four types of environmental samples:dust,soil,water,and air.It compares the differences between amplicon sequencing and metagenomic sequencing in studying environmental biological populations,outlines the full process of high-throughput sequencing-based data analysis,and focuses on reviewing the research progress in inferring geographical sources of environmental samples based on bacteria,fungi,and other eukaryotes,to provide references for establishing sequencing and analysis methods for environmental DNA in forensic DNA laboratories and exploring environmental DNA information for forensic applications.

Evidence suggests that explicit reappraisal has limited regulatory effects on high-intensity emotions, mainly due to the depletion of cognitive resources occupied by the high-intensity emotional stimulus itself. The implicit form of reappraisal has proved to be resource-saving and therefore might be an ideal strategy to achieve the desired regulatory effect in high-intensity situations. In this study, we explored the regulatory effect of explicit and implicit reappraisal when participants encountered low- and high-intensity negative images. The subjective emotional rating indicated that both explicit and implicit reappraisal down-regulated negative experiences, irrespective of intensity. However, the amplitude of the parietal late positive potential (LPP; a neural index of experienced emotional intensity) showed that only implicit reappraisal had significant regulatory effects in the high-intensity context, though both explicit and implicit reappraisal successfully reduced the emotional neural responses elicited by low-intensity negative images. Meanwhile, implicit reappraisal led to a smaller frontal LPP amplitude (an index of cognitive cost) compared to explicit reappraisal, indicating that the implementation of implicit reappraisal consumes limited cognitive control resources. Furthermore, we found a prolonged effect of implicit emotion regulation introduced by training procedures. Taken together, these findings not only reveal that implicit reappraisal is suitable to relieve high-intensity negative experiences as well as neural responses, but also highlight the potential benefit of trained implicit regulation in clinical populations whose frontal control resources are limited.
Humans ; Emotional Regulation ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials/physiology* ; Cognition/physiology* ; Emotions/physiology*

Objective:To evaluate the value of 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-3Q PET/CT imaging in prostate cancer patients with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) less than 1.00 μg/L after radical prostatectomy. Methods:From May 2021 to August 2022, 18F-PSMA-3Q PET/CT images and clinical data of 58 patients with prostate cancer (age 52-82 years) after radical prostatectomy with PSA less than 1.00 μg/L in Chinese PLA General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. According to the level of PSA, patients were divided into three groups (0-0.19 μg/L group, 0.20-0.49 μg/L group, and 0.50-0.99 μg/L group). 18F-PSMA-3Q PET/CT images were analyzed according to the standardized evaluation criteria of molecular imaging, and lesions with the scores of molecular imaging PSMA (miPSMA)≥1 were defined as recurrent or metastatic lesions. The detection rates of 18F-PSMA-3Q PET/CT for patients in different PSA level groups were compared ( χ2 test). The PSA levels of patients with positive and negative scans were compared by using independent-sample t test. Results:Of the 58 patients, 36(62.1%, 36/58) patients and 85 lesions were found by 18F-PSMA-3Q PET/CT. There was 91.7%(33/36) with oligofocal lesions (1≤number of foci≤3) and 8.3%(3/36) with multiple lesions (number of foci>3). According to the location, 5.2%(3/58) of the recurrent lesions were found in the prostatic bed, 39.7%(23/58) in the bone lesions, 37.9%(22/58) in the pelvic lymph nodes, 12.0%(7/58) in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and 5.2%(3/58) in the left clavicular lymph node metastases. There were 15 cases in 0-0.19 μg/L group, 22 cases in 0.20-0.49 μg/L group, and 21 cases in 0.50-0.99 μg/L group. The detection rates of 18F-PSMA-3Q PET/CT in the above groups were 5/15, 59.1%(13/22) and 85.7%(18/21), respectively ( χ2=10.33, P=0.006). There was significant difference in PSA level between patients with positive ( n=36) and negative ( n=22) 18F-PSMA-3Q PET/CT scans ((0.48±0.28) vs (0.28±0.25) μg/L; t=2.67, P=0.010). Conclusions:18F-PSMA-3Q PET/CT can be used to detect the recurrence or metastasis in prostate cancer patients with PSA level lower than 1.00 μg/L after radical prostatectomy. In this kind of patients, the common sites of lesions are bone, pelvic lymph nodes, retroperitoneal lymph nodes, left clavicular lymph nodes and prostatic bed, and oligofocal patients are more common.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by emotion dysregulation. Whether implicit emotion regulation can compensate for this deficit remains unknown. In this study, we recruited 159 subjects who were healthy controls, had subclinical depression, or had MDD, and examined them under baseline, implicit, and explicit reappraisal conditions. Explicit reappraisal led to the most negative feelings and the largest parietal late positive potential (parietal LPP, an index of emotion intensity) in the MDD group compared to the other two groups; the group difference was absent under the other two conditions. MDD patients showed larger regulatory effects in the LPP during implicit than explicit reappraisal, whereas healthy controls showed a reversed pattern. Furthermore, the frontal P3, an index of voluntary cognitive control, showed larger amplitudes in explicit reappraisal compared to baseline in the healthy and subclinical groups, but not in the MDD group, while implicit reappraisal did not increase P3 across groups. These findings suggest that implicit reappraisal is beneficial for clinical depression.
Humans ; Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology* ; Emotional Regulation ; Depression ; Emotions/physiology* ; Cognition/physiology*

Objective:To explore the molecular basis for an individual with a rare variant of Bw37 phenotype.Methods:Tube agglutination testing was used to determine the ABO blood groups. Genotyping were carried out using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) and direct sequencing for exons 6 and 7 of the ABO locus. Results:Serologic testing of the proband showed that he was weak B for the positive ABO blood typing and B for the negative blood typing. The genotype of him was determined as B/B by PCR-SSP. DNA sequencing showed that he has harbored c. 297A>G, c. 526C>G, c. 657C>T, c. 703G>A, c. 796C>A, c. 803G>C and c. 930G>A variants, which have resulted in p. R176G, p. G235S and p. G268A substitutions. The genotypes of the proband and his mother were identified as ABO*Bw37/B101 and ABO*O.01.02/ ABO*O.01.01, respectively. Conclusion:Serological identification combined with genotyping should be considered for the verification of ABO subtypes.

Objective:To explore the correlation between post-transplant non-HLA antibodies and humoral rejection(HR)after kidney transplantation(KT).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted for KT recipients with non-HLA antibody level detected from September 2019 to January 2021.The recipients with biopsy confirmed HR and donor-specific HLA antibodies negative or feeble positive at the time of HR were designated as HR group while recipients with stable renal allograft function from 2 weeks post-KT to the time of detecting non-HLA antibody as stable group.The levels of HLA antibody, MHC classⅠchain-related gene A(MICA)antibody and 32 non-HLA antibodies were tested by Luminex single antigen bead and the levels of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor(AT1R)antibody quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Inter-group differences in positive rate of non-HLA antibodies and number of positive non-HLA antibodies were analyzed.Results:Twenty-four recipients had positive non-HLA antibodies while the remainders had no positive non-HLA antibodies.Three HR recipients were positive for actin antibody, collagen Ⅲ antibody, glutathione S-transferase theta-1 antibody or IFN-γ antibody respectively.However, all four non-HLA antibodies of stable recipients were negative.There was significant inter-group difference( P=0.017). Four HR recipients were positive for collagenⅡantibody while only 1 stable recipient was positive for collagenⅡantibody.The positive rate of collagenⅡ antibody was significantly higher in HR recipients than that in stable recipients( P=0.023). HR recipients had an average of 2.36 positive non-HLA antibodies while stable recipients had an average of 0.90.There was significant inter-group difference ( P=0.008). Conclusions:A high level of non-HLA antibodies may elevate the risk of HR after KT.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analysis three ABO variant Bw subtypes. METHODS: Serological assays were carried out to identify the ABO blood group of the proband. ABO gene was identified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The genotype of three individuals are ABO*Bw.11/0.01.02, ABO*Bw.12/0.01.01, ABO*Bw.34/A1.02, receptively. Sequencing results showed that there were c.695T>C, c.278C>T, c.889G>A, resulting in variants in Leu232Pro, Pro93Leu and Glu297Lys, receptively. CONCLUSION Bw11, Bw12 and Bw34 subgroups were identified, and gene testing can be used as a supplement to determine the ABO blood group subtypes.
ABO Blood-Group System/genetics* ; Alleles ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Exons ; Genotype ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Sequence Analysis

Objective:To explore the protective effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC)on ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)in mice.Methods:A total of 30 C57BL/6 mice were randomly grouped into 6 groups of control, Norm-BMSC-exo, Hypo-BMSC-exo, IRI, Norm-BMSC-exo+ IRI and Hypo-BMSC-exo+ IRI.The model for IRI(25 min)was constructed.The serum levels of creatinine(Cr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and histomorphology were examined at 24 h post-reperfusion.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β)monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)and interleukin-10 (IL-10)were measured.The survival rate was observed for 7 days post-IRI.We also detected macrophage polarization glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).Results:Compared with IRI group, Norm-BMSC-exo+ IRI group showed low levels of creatinine(Cr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and mild pathological injury.The protective effects were enhanced in Hypo-BMSC-exo+ IRI group.BMSC-exo pretreatment could significantly improve the survival rate of mice post-IRI.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)revealed that BMSC-exo significantly lowered the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1 and elevated the level of IL-10.BMSC exosomes polarized macrophage toward an M2 phenotype.And Hypo-exo could reprogramme macrophages to undergo a metabolic switch toward OXPHOS and away from glycolysis.Conclusions:Hypo-BMSC-exo could improve kidney injury via inducing M2 polarization in macrophages through promoting OXPHOS and suppressing glycolysis.