The BALB/c mice were immunized with rMS-Sj26GST and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine in Schistosoma japonicum by subcutaneous injection. After they were immunized for 8 weeks, the eyeballs were removed to get blood and macrophages of abdominal cavity and spleen cells were harvested. The lymphocytic stimulating index (SI) was used to measure the cellular proliferating ability and NO release was used to measure the phagocytic activity of the macrophages. By using ELISA kit, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in serum and the splenic lymphocytic cultured supernatant were detected. The results showed that after the mice were immunized with 10(6) CFU of rMS-Sj26GST and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine separately by subcutaneous injection, proliferating ability of splenic lymphocytes in the mice showed no difference (P > 0.05), but both were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05); The contents of NO in the intraperitoneal macrophages of rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.001) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.01); The levels of serum IL-2 in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.001), vector group (P < 0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.05); The contents of serum IFN-gamma in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.05), The contents of IFN-gamma in the cultured supernatant were significantly lower than those of rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.001), but were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). It was indicated that both vaccines could enhance the immune response of the mice, but rMS-Sj26GST vaccine had stronger immunogenicity than rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine.

Objective To analyze the current status of studies related to home enteral nutrition (HEN) in China,and provide scientific basis for the research and management of HEN in China.Methods We searched CNKI and WanFang Data since it built to January 1st,2018.The included studies were screened and categorized by publication information,study type,subjects of the study,topic,interventions and outcomes.Descriptive analysis was conducted after extraction of information.Results A total of 153 studies were included,of which 37 were observational studies,102 were experimental studies,12 were case report,and 2 were exploring articles.Since 2012,the number of studies has been increasing.Most of the subjects were elderly people who were diagnosed with diseases of digestive system,head and neck tumors and diseases of nervous system.These studies were featured as small sample size and short intervention time,follow-ups by telephone and home visit,less than 1/4 providing professional nutrition support team,and outcomes mainly as complication,nutritional biochemical indices,anthropometric indices and prognosis.Conclusion HEN in China is still in its infancy.The number of relative studies is still small and quality of literatures is very low,but it has been increasing.At present,there are some problems in the implementation of HEN in China,such as lack of standardized management model and professional team,short-term intervention,and single follow-up mode.The elderly and patients with digestive disease,head and neck tumors and nervous disease are the key subjects;more professional nutrition support team and scientific management model should be established in the future.

Objective:To clarify the incidence and the related risk factors of postoperative delirium in liver transplantation (LT) recipients to provide rationales for early identification of delirium and constructing the related models.Methods:The authors used the "肝移植""移植术""肝移植手术""肝脏移植""移植肝""谵妄""谵语""危险因素""相关因素""影响因素"and "liver transplantation""liver transplant""delirium""delirious""delirium confusion""risk factors""relevant factors""root cause analysis"as the Chinese and English keywords, searching Wanfang data, China Biomedical Literature Database, CNKI, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, BMJ and the literature for the incidence or risk factors of postoperative delirium in LT recipients. The researchers independently performed literature screening, methodological evaluation and data extraction. And RevMan 5.4 and State16.0 software were employed for data processing.Results:A total of 19 articles involving 5003 samples were retrieved and 22 risk factors identifies. Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of POD was 23%(1151/5003). The statistically significant risk factors included preoperative blood ammonia concentration >46 mmol/L ( OR=3.51, 95% CI: 1.53-8.09, P<0.001), model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score >15 points ( OR=4.24, 95% CI: 2.51-7.16, P<0.001), preoperative hepatic encephalopathy ( OR=3.00, 95% CI: 2.09-4.31, P<0.001), preoperative dosing of diuretics ( OR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.38-4.04, P<0.001), history of alcoholism ( OR=3.16, 95% CI: 1.06-9.40, P=0.040), longer anhepatic period ( OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.03-1.06, P<0.001) and elevated aspartate transaminase concentration at Day 1 post-operation ( OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.15-1.53, P<0.001). Conclusions:Preoperative blood ammonia concentration >46 mmol/L, MELD score >15, hepatic encephalopathy, dosing of diuretic, a history of alcoholism, longer anhepatic period and elevated aspartate transaminase at Day 1 post-operation are risk factors for postoperative delirium after LT. Postoperative reintubation is not a risk factor for postoperative delirium.

Objective To investigate the difference in intestinal flora among patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and normal population and to provide a basis for the early diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma as a marker. Methods DNA was extracted from biopsy tissue samples of 30 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (observation group) and 25 healthy people (control group) by microbial amplification sequencing. The integrity and quality of DNA were detected. The composition and abundance of intestinal flora in the samples of the two groups were determined. Results A great similarity in beta diversity was found between the two groups, but some differences were also observed. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Megamonas in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P=0.025). Conclusion Strengthening the study on the changes in intestinal flora among patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma may be of great significance for its prevention and treatment.

Objective:To analyze qualitative research on safety culture cognition of medical staff and patients in medical institutions, for references to promote the development of safety culture in medical institutions.Methods:This study searched English databases such as PubMed and Embase, as well as Chinese databases such as CNKI and Wanfang, to collect qualitative research related literature on the safety culture cognition of medical staff and patients in medical institutions. The search period was from database establishment to July 15, 2023. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for literature, and the Australian JBI critical appraisal tool for qualitative research were used to screen the literature, and a meta-synthesis method was used to integrate and analyze the research results.Results:A total of 13 articles were included, and 30 research results were extracted and integrated into three levels: individual, organizational, and interpersonal. Among them, the individual level included three categories: responsibility and ability, personal factors, and patient factors. The organizational level included five categories: patient safety as the primary principle, management level, regulations and processes, work environment, and safety culture atmosphere. The interpersonal level included two categories: cooperation and communication.Conclusions:The development and construction of safety culture were influenced by various factors. Medical institutions should attach importance to the core competency building of medical personnel and advocate for patient participation in safety culture construction; Promote the development of safety culture in medical institutions and improve the management system for adverse events; Improve team collaboration efficiency, standardize communication and exchange modes, and improve the quality of medical safety.

Objective:To explore effects of nursing model based on family empowerment on breast feeding of premature infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) .Methods:A total of 145 premature infants who were admitted to the NICU of Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January to December 2018 were selected by the convenient sampling method. According to the time of admission, 72 premature infants and their families admitted from January to June in 2018 were included in the control group, and 73 premature infants and their families admitted from July to December in 2018 were included in the observation group. The differences in breast feeding rate, breast feeding knowledge score and nutritional status of premature infants between the two groups were observed and compared between two groups.Results:After intervention, the breastfeeding rate, breast feeding knowledge score and premature infant nutritional status of the observation group were all higher than those of the control group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The nursing model based on family empowerment is conducive to improving the breast feeding rate of NICU premature infants, which is worthy of clinical reference and promotion.

The BALB/c mice were immunized with rMS-Sj26GST and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine in Schistosoma japonicum by subcutaneous injection. After they were immunized for 8 weeks, the eyeballs were removed to get blood and macrophages of abdominal cavity and spleen cells were harvested. The lymphocytic stimulating index (SI) was used to measure the cellular proliferating ability and NO release was used to measure the phagocytic activity of the macrophages. By using ELISA kit, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in serum and the splenic lymphocytic cultured supernatant were detected. The results showed that after the mice were immunized with 10(6) CFU of rMS-Sj26GST and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine separately by subcutaneous injection, proliferating ability of splenic lymphocytes in the mice showed no difference (P > 0.05), but both were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05); The contents of NO in the intraperitoneal macrophages of rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.001) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.01); The levels of serum IL-2 in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.001), vector group (P < 0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.05); The contents of serum IFN-gamma in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.05), The contents of IFN-gamma in the cultured supernatant were significantly lower than those of rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.001), but were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). It was indicated that both vaccines could enhance the immune response of the mice, but rMS-Sj26GST vaccine had stronger immunogenicity than rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine.
Animals ; Antigens, Helminth ; genetics ; immunology ; BCG Vaccine ; immunology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; immunology ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mycobacterium smegmatis ; genetics ; immunology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Random Allocation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Schistosoma japonicum ; enzymology ; genetics ; immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; genetics ; immunology

Objective Toinvestigatethechangesinbrainfunctionofheroindependentindividualsafternucleusaccumbens(NAC) ablativesurgery.Methods Twenty-fourheroindependentindividualsafterNACablativesurgery(NACgroup),27heroindependent individualsinshort-termabstinence(HDgroup)and32healthycontrol(HCgroup)wereincludedaresting-statefMRIstudy.Amplitudeoflow-frequencyfluctuations(ALFF)valuesofeachparticipantswerecalculated.DiffernecesinALFFvalueamongthethreegroupswere analyzed by One-Way ANOVA .Results Brain regions with statistically significant A L F F differences a m ong the three groups included left cerebellum,rightposteriorcentralgyrus,leftcaudatenucleus,rightmiddlefrontalgyrus,leftcuneusandbilateralinferiortemporal gyrusI.ntherightcentralposteriorgyrus,theALFFvalueofHDgroupwaslowerthanthatofNACandHCgroupI.ntheleftcerebellum,the ALFFvalueofHDgroupwashigherthanthatofNACandHCgrouprespectivelyI.nbilateralinferiortemporalgyrusandleftcaudatenucleus, ALFFvaluesofNACandHDgroupswerelowerthanHCgroup.ALFFvaluesofNACandHDgroupswerehigherthanHCgroup inrightmedialfrontalgyrusandleftcuneus.Conclusion InheroindependentindividualsafterNACablativesurgery,theALFFvaluesofleft cerebellumandrightposteriorcentralgyrustendtobenormal.NodifferenceinALFFvalueinregionsofdefaultmodenetworkbetweenNACand HDgroups.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of modified PPH combined with partial internal anal sphincterotomy in the treatment of circular mixed hemorrhoids.Methods Patients with annular mixed hemorrhoids were divided into two groups by a completely randomized controlled method.54 patients in the experimental group were treated with modified PPH combined with partial internal anal sphincterotomy,while 51 patients in the control group were treated with conventional PPH.The postoperative indicators,perioperative and long-term complication rates of the two groups were compared,and the clinical efficacy and safety were observed.Results The operation time in the experimental group was(48.35±4.37)minutes,which was higher than that in the control group(36.42 ±6.21)minutes(P＜0.05).The incidence of postoperative anastomotic stenosis in the experimental group was 1.9％,lower than 15.6％ in the control group(P＜0.05).Anal pain,urinary retention,first defecation time,long-term anal distention,the experimental group was significantly better than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);The hospitalization time in the experimental group(4.8±0.62)days was not significantly different from that in the control group(5.1±0.54)days(P＞0.05).The amount of intraoperative bleeding and anastomotic bleeding in the experimental group[(17.28±2.22)ml,3.7％]were not significantly different from those in the control group[(16.75± 2.13)ml,3.9％](P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared with conventional PPH,the modified PPH combined with partial internal anal sphincterotomy slightly increases the operation time,but does not increase the risk of anastomotic bleeding,the incidence of rectal fistula,the amount of surgical bleeding,and the length of hospital stay.It can significantly improve postoperative anal pain,urinary retention,long-term distention symptoms,shorten the time of first defecation,ease the difficulty of defecation,and significantly reduce postoperative anastomotic stenosis,The long-term efficacy and safety are good.

Objective: To evaluate the comprehensive intervention effect of lunch for primary and secondary school students in Minhang District, so as to provide a theoretical and practical basis for lunch intervention in school. Methods: From October to December 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 1 937 students from one primary and secondary school in Minhang District.A comprehensive intervention measure focusing on "reducing oil and salt" for lunch recipe optimization and nutrition education was carried out, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the intervention effect three months later. Chi square test and Wilcoxon rank test were used to compare the data before and after the intervention. Results: After intervention, the use of cooking oil and salt, the supply of protein and fat in primary and secondary school lunches were reduced, and had no obvious impact on energy and other major nutrients. After intervention, compared to before intervention, the proportion of primary school students who felt that lunch was greasy decreased (8.9%, 6.2%, χ 2=4.35), and the proportion of primary and secondary school students who felt that lunch were delicious decreased significantly (33.2%, 23.2%; 63.9%, 53.5%, χ 2=26.39, 17.52) ( P < 0.05 ). Secondary school students also felt reduced variety of food ingredients (46.9%, 38.3%, χ 2=16.05, P <0.05). In addition, after intervention, the total surplus rate of primary school students meals decreased (7.4%, 4.4%, χ 2=5.73), mainly reflected in the decrease of the surplus rate of staple foods (7.1%, 2.4%, χ 2=17.39), while the surplus rate of vegetable dishes increased ( 16.0 %, 21.2%, χ 2=6.01) ( P <0.05). Although there was no significant change in the total surplus rate of meals for secondary school students, the surplus rate of staple foods decreased (12.9%, 5.4%, χ 2=33.52), while the surplus rates of meat and vegetable dishes increased (11.2%, 26.9%; 17.5%, 33.2%, χ 2=74.26, 61.88) ( P <0.05). After intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the overweight and obesity rates of primary school students ( χ 2=0.11,0.43) and secondary school students ( χ 2=0.01,0.00) compared to before intervention( P >0.05). After intervention, the lung capacity of primary school students [1 564 (1 269,1 890) mL] and sitting forward flexion [11.3 (7.6, 15.2) cm] increased compared to before intervention [1 522 (1 259, 1 819 ) mL, 10.5 (6.3, 13.5) cm] ( Z =2.20, 4.68, P <0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference in lung capacity and sitting forward flexion of secondary school students before and after intervention ( Z =-0.46, -0.08, P >0.05). Conclusion The comprehensive intervention of school lunch has promoted a significant decrease in the use of oil and salt in lunch and improved the quality of recipes, and has a positive impact on the situation of leftover lunch and the health of students to a certain extent.