BACKGROUND: There are currently many cryopreservation methods for the aminotic membrane, which have varying effects on the ultrastructure and biological activity of amniotic membrane, but on no one is effective.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different cryopreservation methods on the ultrastructure and viability of aminotic membrane and to seek the ideal cryopreservation method.
METHODS: Aminotic membrane separated from the fresh placenta was preserved respectively with deep-frozen cryopreservation and vitrification, and everyway was run for 3 and 6 months. Fresh aminotic membrane was used as control. The ultrastructure of aminotic membrane was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the viability of aminotic membrane was assessed by microcomputer analysis system for biological oxygen consumption, and immunohistochemical staining combined with image analysis system was used for lactate dehydrogenase activity.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 3 and 6 months of crypreservation, the damage to the ultrastructure of aminotic membrane by vitreous cryopreservation was slighter than that of amniotic membrane cryopreserved at-80℃. Compared with the fresh aminotic membrane, the gray value of lactate dehydrogenase and partial pressure of oxygen were significantly decreased in the cryopreserved aminotic membrane by deep-frozen cryopreservation at 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05) and by vitreous cryopreservation at 6 months (P < 0.05), but there was no statisticaly significant difference in the change rate of oxygen partial pressure and the gray value of lactate dehydrogenase between the fresh aminotic membrane and the cryopreserved aminotic membrane by vitreous cryopreservation at 3 months. The present study led to the conclusion that vitreous cryopreservation protocol alows to not only maintain the integrity of AM, but also to preserve the viability of the cels. So the vitreous cryopreservation is superior to the deep-frozen cryopreservation for cryopreservation of aminotic membrane.

The BALB/c mice were immunized with rMS-Sj26GST and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine in Schistosoma japonicum by subcutaneous injection. After they were immunized for 8 weeks, the eyeballs were removed to get blood and macrophages of abdominal cavity and spleen cells were harvested. The lymphocytic stimulating index (SI) was used to measure the cellular proliferating ability and NO release was used to measure the phagocytic activity of the macrophages. By using ELISA kit, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in serum and the splenic lymphocytic cultured supernatant were detected. The results showed that after the mice were immunized with 10(6) CFU of rMS-Sj26GST and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine separately by subcutaneous injection, proliferating ability of splenic lymphocytes in the mice showed no difference (P > 0.05), but both were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05); The contents of NO in the intraperitoneal macrophages of rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.001) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.01); The levels of serum IL-2 in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.001), vector group (P < 0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.05); The contents of serum IFN-gamma in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.05), The contents of IFN-gamma in the cultured supernatant were significantly lower than those of rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.001), but were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). It was indicated that both vaccines could enhance the immune response of the mice, but rMS-Sj26GST vaccine had stronger immunogenicity than rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine.

Objective To analyze the levels of serum thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor ( TAFI) in patients with chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ) with different degrees of hepatic fibrosis , and to evaluate the value of TAFI in the evaluation of liver fibrosis .Methods Forty six patients with CHB who underwent liver biopsy from June 2016 to March 2017 in Zhejiang Provincial People' s Hospital were enrolled.According to liver fibrosis stage (S0-4), they were divided into mild liver fibrosis group (S0-1, n=16), significant liver fibrosis group (S2, n=15) and severe liver fibrosis group (S3-4, n=15).At the same time, 16 healthy subjects were randomly selected as health controls in the physical examination center of the hospital .Serum TAFI levels were analyzed in each group , and the receiver operating curve ( ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of TAFI in CHB patients with significant liver fibrosis and severe liver fibrosis (S≥2).The SPSS 23.0 software was used to analyze the data .Results Serum TAFI levels in the mild liver fibrosis group , significant liver fibrosis group , severe liver fibrosis group and health controls were (63.4 ±18.2), (43.8 ±20.4), (27.5 ±19.2) and (71.3 ±25.6) ng/mL, the difference between the four groups was statistically significant (F=13.512, P<0.01).The level of TAFI in the significant liver fibrosis group was lower than that in the healthy control group and the mild liver fibrosis group (t=3.283 and 2.822, P<0.01).The level of TAFI in the severe fibrosis group was lower than that in the significant liver fibrosis group (t=2.260, P<0.05).Serum TAFI levels were negatively correlated with liver fibrosis stage (r=-0.562, P<0.01).The area under the ROC curve of TAFI for predicting liver fibrosis (S≥2) was 0.832, and the sensitivity and specificity were 81.3％and 78.3％, respectively. Compared with the APRI score and the FIB4 index, the difference was not statistically significant ( P >0.05).Conclusion The serum TAFI level is negatively correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis in CHB patients, which has a good diagnostic value for liver fibrosis (S≥2) in patients with CHB.

The BALB/c mice were immunized with rMS-Sj26GST and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine in Schistosoma japonicum by subcutaneous injection. After they were immunized for 8 weeks, the eyeballs were removed to get blood and macrophages of abdominal cavity and spleen cells were harvested. The lymphocytic stimulating index (SI) was used to measure the cellular proliferating ability and NO release was used to measure the phagocytic activity of the macrophages. By using ELISA kit, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in serum and the splenic lymphocytic cultured supernatant were detected. The results showed that after the mice were immunized with 10(6) CFU of rMS-Sj26GST and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine separately by subcutaneous injection, proliferating ability of splenic lymphocytes in the mice showed no difference (P > 0.05), but both were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05); The contents of NO in the intraperitoneal macrophages of rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.001) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.01); The levels of serum IL-2 in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.001), vector group (P < 0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.05); The contents of serum IFN-gamma in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.05), The contents of IFN-gamma in the cultured supernatant were significantly lower than those of rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P < 0.001), but were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). It was indicated that both vaccines could enhance the immune response of the mice, but rMS-Sj26GST vaccine had stronger immunogenicity than rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine.
Animals ; Antigens, Helminth ; genetics ; immunology ; BCG Vaccine ; immunology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; immunology ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mycobacterium smegmatis ; genetics ; immunology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Random Allocation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Schistosoma japonicum ; enzymology ; genetics ; immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; genetics ; immunology

Objective: To develop a native adaptive behavior scale for children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) and to explore its reliability and validity. Methods: Items of ASD adaptive behavior rating scale were selected based on the scale development theory, ASD knowledge and adaptive behavior concept through preliminary survey and statistical, and 301 ASD children aged 2 to 12 from hospitals in Guangzhou, Huizhou, Shenzhen who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition were selected, data was analyzed by the item analysis. Results: After item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, the final version of the scale contains 58 items, and 64.24% of the total variation could be explained by 6 factors; The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the full scale was 0.98, and the coefficient value of dimen sional factors were 0.94，0.93，0.91，0.95，0.88，0.94. The test-test reliability r of full scale was 0.86, the r of the factor were 0.88，0.81，0.81，0.87，0.88，0.79. The criterion-related validity r with the ABAS-Ⅱ scale was -0.77, the criterion-related validity r with the CARS scale was 0.64. Conclusion The ASD Child Adaptive Behavior Scale showed good reliability and validity, and could be used widely.

Traumatic events have lasting effects on mental and physical health, and significantly increase the incidence risk of psychiatric disorders. Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and depression are common psychopathological changes after traumatic stress. Studies have shown that the high comorbidity between PTSD and depression is the most common clinical complex syndrome after traumatic stress. This review systematically summarized PTSD and depression comorbidity studies from several aspects.In this paper, the clinical characteristics of PTSD and depression comorbidities were reviewed, suggesting that PTSD and depression comorbidities may have specific pathophysiological changes.Then the commonly used animal models of traumatic stress and the applications were introduced in the study of PTSD and depressive symptoms. Finally, clinical and basic research evidence of PTSD and depression comorbidity was outlined from several aspects, including brain circuit, neurotransmitter system, neuroendocrine, immune inflammation and neural plasticity, suggesting that PTSD and depressive symptoms comorbidity may have specific neurobiological basis.Existing studies support the need and importance to explore the pathological mechanisms of PTSD and depression comorbidities in depth and develop effective therapeutic targets for comorbidity.

Objective To establish a differential model of phlegm and blood stasis pattern and qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern in stable angina pectoris using radiomics.Methods A total of 91 patients with stable angina pectoris who underwent coronary artery CT angiography in Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to January 2022 were collected,including 47 cases of phlegm and blood stasis pattern and 44 cases of qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern.The patients were divided into train set(64 cases)and test set(27 cases)according to the ratio of 7∶3 by stratified random sampling method.3D-slicer software was used to extract the radiomics features of pericoronary adipose tissue(PCAT)images.Principal component analysis was used to visualize the distribution of radiomics features of pattern of phlegm and blood stasis and pattern of qi deficiency and blood stasis.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis and support vector machine decreasing feature elimination were used for feature selection.The multinomial logistics regression was used for model construction.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to verify the model in the train set and the test set to evaluate the effectiveness of the radiomics features in differentiating phlegm and blood stasis pattern and qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern.Finally,Spearman coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the differential features and clinical physicochemical data.Results A total of 837 radiomics features were extracted from PCAT images by 3D-slicer software.In the principal component analysis,PC1 and PC2 explained 77.9%and 8.1%of the total variance,respectively,and there was a relatively obvious separation trend between the two pattern groups.After feature screening,7 radiomics features were used to construct the differential model of phlegm and blood stasis pattern and qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)of the differential model was 0.844 in the train set and 0.834 in the test set.Spearman correlation analysis showed that the differential features were significantly correlated with cTnI,neutrophil,triglyceride,total cholesterol,and leukocyte.Conclusion The CT radiomics model based on PCAT has a high discrimination efficiency for stable angina pectoris with phlegm and blood stasis pattern and qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern.

Background Job burnout is an early mental health condition caused by job stress and contributes to many negative effects on work and life. Employees of research and development (R&D) enterprises are exposed to constant pressure from innovation, production speed and sales expansion, and they are prone to burnout symptoms if such factors are not under effective control. Objective To evaluate the current situation of job burnout among employees of R&D enterprises in Minhang District of Shanghai and explore its influencing factors. Methods During November to December 2021, a cross-sectional study was developed and a convenient sampling method was used to enroll employees from 7 R&D enterprises in Minhang District of Shanghai. On the basis of voluntary participation with informed consent, a survey was conducted by using a self-made questionnaire (collecting data about general demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, behavior and lifestyle), the Chinese version of the Concise Occupational Stress Questionnaire, and the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. Occupational stress and its dimensions (job demand, job control, and social support) were divided into high, medium, and low levels according to tertiles. The positive rate of job burnout was reported according to score categorization (<1.5 refers to no job burnout, ≥1.5 refers to job burnout, where ≥1.5 and <3.5 refer to mild and moderate job burnout, and ≥3.5 refers to severe job burnout). Potential influencing factors of job burnout were evaluated by using one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, forward stepwise regression, and non-conditional binary logistic regression (α=0.05, two-sided test). Results A total of 3153 subjects were enrolled and 3014 samples were included in the analysis, with a valid response rate of 95.6%. Among the included subjects, 888 (29.46%) reported no job burnout, 1775 (58.89%) reported mild to moderate job burnout, and 351 (11.64%) reported severe job burnout. The mean of total job burnout score was 2.17±1.12, and the dimentional mean scores were 2.78±1.61 for emotional exhaustion, 1.60±1.60 for cynicism, and 4.05±1.57 for diminished personal accomplishment. Varied categories of sex, age, marital status, working position, sleep status, job demand, job control, and social support groups of workers resulted in significant differences in job burnout score. Compared with the low job demand group, the positive rate of job burnout was elevated in the medium and high job demand groups; the risk of job burnout in the medium job demand group was 1.42 (95%CI: 1.04-1.94) times higher, and that in the high job demand group was 2.64 (95% CI : 2.17-3.22) times higher versus the low job demand group. The risk of job burnout in the medium job control group was 1.35 (95%CI: 1.06-1.72) times higher versus the low job control group. Compared with the low social support group, job burnout was less reported in the other groups, and the OR (95%CI) values of the medium and high social support groups were 0.41 (0.31-0.53) and 0.15 (0.12-0.19) respectively. Conclusion The rate of reporting positive job burnout in R&D enterprises is high, which deserves sufficient attention. Relieving work pressure, increasing job control and social support, and maintaining adequate sleep are helpful to reduce job burnout.