Professor XIA Shouren is a famous acupuncture master in China and has devoted his life to clinical practice, teaching and scientific study of TCM. In his 50 years of medical career, he has studied Chinese and western medicine, innovated ancient masters' experiences, adhered to the theory of "less but highly-effective needling", specified at genjie points and deeply explored the specificity of acupoints. Additionally, the acupuncture stfudy has been firstly conducted in the diagnosis and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in China and his own unique academic thought has been formed. Professor XIA Shouren makes the contribution to the theory, practice and inheritance of acupuncture and moxibustion.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Male

Objective To study the effects of the active components of eight kin ds of Chinese herbs on cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) 1A1,2E1,3A4 and 3A5 mRNA expression. Methods The mRNA expression levels of four CYP enzymes were determin ed by real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results Baicalin,baicalein and artemisinin induced CYP1A1 expression at differe nt concentrations. Compared with baicalin and baicalein,the effect of artemisin in was weaker. The expression of CYP3A4 gene was significantly obvious after ind uced by sodium aescinate,baicalein and artemisinin. Conclusion HepG2 cells shou ld be an appropriate in-vitro system for investigating potential human CYP indu cing agents. CYP1A1 and CYP3A4 expression could be significantly induced by baic alin,baicalein,artemisinin and sodium aescinate,which would supply the eviden ce for the interaction of herbal medicine and western medicine based on cytochro me P450 and toxicology.

Objective: To investigate the pyroptosis-inducing effects of celastrol on tumor cells and to explore the potential mechanisms involved, specifically focusing on the role of the caspase-3/gasdermin E (GSDME) signaling pathway and the impact of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. Methods: Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH) assay, and Hoechst/propidium iodide (PI) double staining were employed to validate the mode of cell death. Western blot was used to detect the cleavage of GSDME and the expression of light chain 3 (LC3) and BIP. Results: Celastrol induced cell swelling with large bubbles, which is consistent with the pyroptotic phenotype. Moreover, treatment with celastrol induced GSDME cleavage, indicating the activation of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis. GSDME knockout via CRISPR/Cas9 blocked the pyroptotic morphology of celastrol in HeLa cells. In addition, cleavage of GSDME was attenuated by a specific caspase-3 inhibitor in celastrol-treated cells, suggesting that GSDME activation was induced by caspase-3. Mechanistically, celastrol induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in HeLa cells, and other ER stress inducers produced effects consistent with those of celastrol. Conclusion These findings suggest that celastrol triggers caspase-3/GSDME-dependent pyroptosis via activation of ER stress, which may shed light on the potential antitumor clinical applications of celastrol.

Objectives: To examine the influence factors on axillary evaluation in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients, and the prognosis of different choices of axillary evaluation in a single-center retrospective study. Methods: Totally 1 557 DCIS patients admitted in Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 2006 to November 2016 were retrospectively enrolled. All patients were female. The median age was 49 years (range: 21 to 85 years). Surgical methods included modified radical mastectomy, simple mastectomy (with or without axillary evaluation) and breast conservation surgery (with or without axillary evaluation). Axillary evaluation included axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). T tests, χ² test and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze influence factors on axillary evaluation, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank analysis were used to evaluate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and loco-regional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) in patients with different surgical methods. Results: Among the 1 557 DCIS patients, there were 1 226 cases received axillary evaluation, while 331 cases not received axillary evaluation. Patients were separated into 3 groups by different axillary evaluation choices: SLNB group (957 cases, 61.46%), ALND group (197 cases, 12.65%) and no evaluation group (403 cases, 25.88%). The patients in SLNB group increased significantly (P=0.000), from 3.85% (60/1 557) in 2006 to 75.19% (1 170/1 557) in 2016. The independent influence factors of receiving axillary evaluation were high nuclear grade (OR=3.191, 95%CI: 1.722 to 5.912, P=0.001) and tumor size>15 mm (OR=1.698, 95%CI: 1.120 to 2.573, P=0.012). Also, patients received breast conservation surgery were more likely to refuse axillary evaluation (OR=0.155, 95%CI: 0.103 to 0.233, P=0.000). There were no significant differences in RFS and LRRFS in patients with different axillary evaluation choices. Conclusions The investigation in trends and influence factors of different axillary evaluation choices provided basis on surgical precision medicine in DCIS patients. Patients received SLNB increased significantly. The independent influence factors of axillary evaluation were nuclear grade, tumor size and surgical methods. There was no significant differences in prognosis among the groups receiving different axillary evaluations.

Objective To evaluate the influence factors on surgical methods in DCIS (Ductal carcinoma in situ) patients,and the prognosis of different surgical methods in a 10-year single-center retrospective study.Methods We retrospectively included 1557 DCIS patients who received treatments in our center from Jan.2006 to Nov.2016.T tests,Chi-square analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze influence factors on surgical methods.Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank analysis were used to evaluate recurrence-free survival(RFS) and loco-regional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) in patients with different surgical methods.Results Of the enrolled 1557 DCIS patients,surgical methods included modified radical mastectomy,simple mastectomy (with or without axillary evaluation) and breast conservation surgery (with or without axillary evaluation).The number of DCIS cases in our center increased (P＜0.001),so did the percentage of DCIS in annual malignant surgery cases (P=-0.026).Significant decrease was found in modified radical mastectomy (P=0.012).More than half of the patients received simple mastectomy after 2010,and more than one fifth of the patients received breast conservation surgery after 2008.About 13.99％ patients who received mastectomy had breast reconstruction.The independent influence factors of refusing breast conservation surgery were age ≥ 50(P＜0.001),medium nuclear grade (P=0.044),tumor size ＞ 15mm (P＜0.001) and spontaneous discharge (P＜0.001).Patients with smaller tumor size (≤ 15mm) and no spontaneous discharge had 4.18-fold and 7.04-fold greater preference for breast conservation surgery,respectively(OR=0.232,P＜0.001;OR=0.144,P＜0.001).There were no significant differences in RFS and LRRFS in patients with different surgical methods.Conclusion The evaluation in trends and influence factors of different surgical methods provides basis on surgical precision medicine in DCIS patients.

Objectives To examine the influence factors on axillary evaluation in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients, and the prognosis of different choices of axillary evaluation in a single?center retrospective study. Methods Totally 1 557 DCIS patients admitted in Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 2006 to November 2016 were retrospectively enrolled. All patients were female. The median age was 49 years (range: 21 to 85 years). Surgical methods included modified radical mastectomy, simple mastectomy (with or without axillary evaluation) and breast conservation surgery (with or without axillary evaluation). Axillary evaluation included axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). T tests, χ2 test and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze influence factors on axillary evaluation, respectively. Kaplan?Meier curve and Log?rank analysis were used to evaluate recurrence?free survival (RFS) and loco?regional recurrence?free survival (LRRFS) in patients with different surgical methods. Results Among the 1 557 DCIS patients, there were 1 226 cases received axillary evaluation, while 331 cases not received axillary evaluation. Patients were separated into 3 groups by different axillary evaluation choices: SLNB group (957 cases, 61.46%), ALND group (197 cases, 12.65%) and no evaluation group (403 cases, 25.88%). The patients in SLNB group increased significantly (P=0.000), from 3.85% (60/1 557) in 2006 to 75.19% (1 170/1 557) in 2016. The independent influence factors of receiving axillary evaluation were high nuclear grade ( OR=3.191, 95%CI : 1.722 to 5.912, P=0.001) and tumor size>15 mm ( OR=1.698, 95 %CI : 1.120 to 2.573, P=0.012). Also, patients received breast conservation surgery were more likely to refuse axillary evaluation ( OR=0.155, 95%CI : 0.103 to 0.233, P=0.000). There were no significant differences in RFS and LRRFS in patients with different axillary evaluation choices. Conclusions The investigation in trends and influence factors of different axillary evaluation choices provided basis on surgical precision medicine in DCIS patients. Patients received SLNB increased significantly. The independent influence factors of axillary evaluation were nuclear grade, tumor size and surgical methods. There was no significant differences in prognosis among the groups receiving different axillary evaluations.

Objectives To examine the influence factors on axillary evaluation in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients, and the prognosis of different choices of axillary evaluation in a single?center retrospective study. Methods Totally 1 557 DCIS patients admitted in Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 2006 to November 2016 were retrospectively enrolled. All patients were female. The median age was 49 years (range: 21 to 85 years). Surgical methods included modified radical mastectomy, simple mastectomy (with or without axillary evaluation) and breast conservation surgery (with or without axillary evaluation). Axillary evaluation included axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). T tests, χ2 test and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze influence factors on axillary evaluation, respectively. Kaplan?Meier curve and Log?rank analysis were used to evaluate recurrence?free survival (RFS) and loco?regional recurrence?free survival (LRRFS) in patients with different surgical methods. Results Among the 1 557 DCIS patients, there were 1 226 cases received axillary evaluation, while 331 cases not received axillary evaluation. Patients were separated into 3 groups by different axillary evaluation choices: SLNB group (957 cases, 61.46%), ALND group (197 cases, 12.65%) and no evaluation group (403 cases, 25.88%). The patients in SLNB group increased significantly (P=0.000), from 3.85% (60/1 557) in 2006 to 75.19% (1 170/1 557) in 2016. The independent influence factors of receiving axillary evaluation were high nuclear grade ( OR=3.191, 95%CI : 1.722 to 5.912, P=0.001) and tumor size>15 mm ( OR=1.698, 95 %CI : 1.120 to 2.573, P=0.012). Also, patients received breast conservation surgery were more likely to refuse axillary evaluation ( OR=0.155, 95%CI : 0.103 to 0.233, P=0.000). There were no significant differences in RFS and LRRFS in patients with different axillary evaluation choices. Conclusions The investigation in trends and influence factors of different axillary evaluation choices provided basis on surgical precision medicine in DCIS patients. Patients received SLNB increased significantly. The independent influence factors of axillary evaluation were nuclear grade, tumor size and surgical methods. There was no significant differences in prognosis among the groups receiving different axillary evaluations.

BACKGROUND:MRI is important for the diagnosis of early knee osteoarthritis.MRI image recognition and intelligent segmentation of knee osteoarthritis using deep learning method is a hot topic in image diagnosis of artificial intelligence. OBJECTIVE:Through deep learning of MRI images of knee osteoarthritis,the segmentation of femur,tibia,patella,cartilage,meniscus,ligaments,muscles and effusion of knee can be automatically divided,and then volume of knee fluid and muscle content were measured. METHODS:100 normal knee joints and 100 knee osteoarthritis patients were selected and randomly divided into training dataset(n=160),validation dataset(n=20),and test dataset(n=20)according to the ratio of 8:1:1.The Coarse-to-Fine sequential training method was used to train the 3D-UNET network deep learning model.A Coarse MRI segmentation model of the knee sagittal plane was trained first,and the rough segmentation results were used as a mask,and then the fine segmentation model was trained.The T1WI and T2WI images of the sagittal surface of the knee joint and the marking files of each structure were input,and DeepLab v3 was used to segment bone,cartilage,ligament,meniscus,muscle,and effusion of knee,and 3D reconstruction was finally displayed and automatic measurement results(muscle content and volume of knee fluid)were displayed to complete the deep learning application program.The MRI data of 26 normal subjects and 38 patients with knee osteoarthritis were screened for validation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The 26 normal subjects were selected,including 13 females and 13 males,with a mean age of(34.88±11.75)years old.The mean muscle content of the knee joint was(1 051 322.94±2 007 249.00)mL,the mean median was 631 165.21 mL,and the mean volume of effusion was(291.85±559.59)mL.The mean median was 0 mL.(2)There were 38 patients with knee osteoarthritis,including 30 females and 8 males.The mean age was(68.53±9.87)years old.The mean muscle content was(782 409.18±331 392.56)mL,the mean median was 689 105.66 mL,and the mean volume of effusion was(1 625.23±5 014.03)mL.The mean median was 178.72 mL.(3)There was no significant difference in muscle content between normal people and knee osteoarthritis patients.The volume of effusion in patients with knee osteoarthritis was higher than that in normal subjects,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).(4)It is indicated that the intelligent segmentation of MRI images by deep learning can discard the defects of manual segmentation in the past.The more accuracy evaluation of knee osteoarthritis was necessary,and the image segmentation was processed more precisely in the future to improve the accuracy of the results.

Via an insufficient coat protein complex I (COPI) retrieval signal, the majority of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) is resident in host early secretory organelles and a tiny amount is leaked out in cell surface. Only surface-exposed S can be recognized by B cell receptor (BCR) or anti-S therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that is the trigger step for B cell activation after S mRNA vaccination or infected cell clearance by S mAbs. Now, a drug strategy to promote S host surface exposure is absent. Here, we first combined structural and biochemical analysis to characterize S COPI sorting signals. A potent S COPI sorting inhibitor was then invented, evidently capable of promoting S surface exposure and facilitating infected cell clearance by S antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Importantly, with the inhibitor as a probe, we revealed Omicron BA.1 S is less cell surface exposed than prototypes because of a constellation of S folding mutations, possibly corresponding to its ER chaperone association. Our findings not only suggest COPI is a druggable target against COVID-19, but also highlight SARS-CoV-2 evolution mechanism driven by S folding and trafficking mutations.