Pertussis is an severe infectious respiratory disease that continues to be a serious public health problem,which is caused by Bordetella Pertussis.Because it's highly infectivity,it is still an important etiological factor associated with persistent cough in adults and adolescents.With the introduction of mass vaccination in 1974,there has been a dramatic decrease in the morbidity and mortality.However,in recent years,increasing numbers of pertussis are reported in adolescents and adults in many countries where with high vaccination coverage.The thesis summarize and discuss the progress of pertussis cpidemiology and clinical characteristics.

Objective:To investigate the roles of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD(ASC),one of differentially expressed proteins in neutrophil death induced by ONO-AE-248.Methods:Human neutrophils were cultured in vitro with or without ONO-AE-248(5?10-5 mol/L).The expression of ASC mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.PMN proteins were extracted at 12 h and then separated by 2D electrophoresis.20 differentially expressed proteins were selected and determined by PDQest 2-DE software.Results:ONO-AE-248 decreased the expression of ASC mRNA strikingly in 2 hours;ASC was one of the important differentially expressed proteins between spontaneous apoptosis and non-apoptosis programmed cell death induced by ONO-AE-248 in 12 hour and ASC protein point was weaker in ONO-AE-248 group.Conclusion:ASC might act as double switch that leads to apoptosis of neutrophils in the high expression and removes the forbiddance of pathway of ONO-AE-248 signals in the low expression,resulting in non-apoptosis programmed cell death of neutrophils.

Purpose To explore the effects of progesterone receptor isoforms A and B ( PR-A,PR-B) on carcinogenesis and progres-sion of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma ( OSC) . Methods The expressions of PR-A and PR-B in 52 cases of OSC, 22 cases of o-varian borderline serous cystadenoma ( OBSC) , 22 cases of umbrella of normal fallopian ( UNF) were detected by immunohistochmical Elivision technique. Results The expression of PR-A in OSCs, OBSCs and UNFs were 94. 5%, 94. 5%, and 68. 38%, respective-ly, with there were statistical significance among three groups (P<0. 05). The expression of PR-B in OSCs, OBSCs and UNFs were 100%, 77. 27%, and 40. 38%, respectively, with there were statistical significance among three groups (P<0. 05). The difference of PR-A/PR-B ratio in OSCs, OBSCs and UNFs was statistical significance ( P<0. 05 ) . The expressions of PR-A and PR-B in OSCs were lower, there were statistical significance between the clinical stageⅠ+Ⅱ andⅢ+Ⅳ (P<0. 05), and histological gradeⅠandⅡ. The difference of PR-A/PR-B ratio between the histological gradeⅠandⅡin OSC was statistical significance. There was statistical significance of PR-B between OSCs with lymph metastasis and without lymph metastasis (P<0. 05). Expression of PR-A and PR-B in OSC was positive correlation (P<0. 05). Conclusion With the carcinogenesis and progression of OSC, the expressions of PR-A and PR-B gradually declined, and the downregulation of PR-B is more obvious, may be an important biological sign of malignant transfor-mation in ovarian tissue. The increasing ratio of PR-A to PR-B in OSC may indicate poor differentiation. The relatively higher expres-sion of PR-B may inhibit the lymph metastasis in OSC.

Intracranial branch atheromatous disease (BAD) was proposed by Caplan in 1989.It has been widely studied in Japan in recent years.With the application of high-resolution magnetic resonance,BAD has become a hot topic.This article reviews the concept,etiology,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of BAD as well as its relationship with ischemic stroke.

Object To select the cell line of Ginkgo biloba L that may produce high yield of ginkgolide B (GB) in suspension culture and to study the stability of GB in subculture Methods Calculus was induced with stem, root and leaf of selected elite species and high yield suspension cell lines chosen by hypoxia stress Results Seven suspension cell lines with improved yield of GB were obtained Among which cell line MH 3 gave a 3 71 fold increase of cellular bioproduct with an increased content up to 302 ?g/g DW after culturing for 18 d, a leading record country wide In shaking bottle culture, it showed a consistent yield of GB with a content of 291 ?g/g DW in 6 successive subcultures, coefficient of variation=0 131 Conclusion The suspension cell line selected by hypoxia stress gave a higher yield and stability in successive transfer culture

This study was aimed to establish an HPLC method to simultaneous determine 6 kinds of monoester and diester aconitum alkaloids. The content of alkaloids in aconite roots, black and white prepared lateral root of aconite and the compatibility of aconite roots with rhubarb were determined. This study provided reference for the interpreta-tion of the attenuation of processing and compatibility of medicines from chemical component aspect. The HPLC analysis was performed on a Phenomenex Gemini C18 (4.6 mm í 250 mm, 5 μm) with 40 mmol·L-1 ammonium ac-etate (adjusted to pH 9.8 with ammonia water) and acetonitrile as mobile phase, with a gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1 and a detection wavelength of 235 nm. The results showed that 6 alkaloids in aconite roots achieved favorable separation and a good linearity relationship (r > 0.999) over the studied concentration range. The extraction recoveries were ranged from 96.9% to 102.4% for the 6 alkaloids. The content of diester alkaloids de-creased markedly in processed products and the compatibility of aconite roots with rhubarb compared with the raw a-conite roots. It was concluded that this method was stable, reliable, simple and practical. It can be used for the si-multaneous determination of 6 kinds of monoester and diester aconitum alkaloids in aconite roots. This processing and compatibility can significantly reduce the content of alkaloids in aconite roots in order to reduce its toxicity.

Objective To learn the impact of county-level public hospital reform on the expenditure of medical insurance fund.Methods Using the difference-in-differences model to analyze the differences incurred in both hospitalization expenditure and expenditure of the fund at two county-level public hospitals.Results The reform has reduced both the drug expenditure and examination expenses per hospitalization at such hospitals at 318.5 yuan and 410.2 yuan respectively,yet with an increase of treatment expenditure of 535.6 yuan per hospitalization.No significant growth rate was incurred by the reform to the medical insurance fund.A significant difference of both hospitalization expenditure of patients and the fund was found among patients covered by different medical insurance funds.Conclusions The reform has achieved initial success at such hospitals in reducing inpatients′drug and examination expenditures.However,it is important to prevent from the treatment expenditure from an offset increase;to further reform the payment modes for safety of the fund,to remove the differentiation found in the existing medical insurance system,and leverage the regulating role of various medical insurance funds on medical service behaviors and expenditures.

Objective To screen genes differentially expressed between dermal papilla cells from occipital and vertex scalp of patients with androgenic alopecia (AGA) through a 3D culture system.Methods Dermal papilla cells isolated from the occipital scalp tissue of patients with AGA were cultured in a 2D system for several days.Then,the third-passage dermal papilla cells were subjected to a 3D culture with the presence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for 72 hours (experimental group).The dermal papilla cells isolated from the vertex scalp tissue of patients with AGA,which were cultured in a 3D system with dimethyl sulfoxide,but not DHT,served as the control group.Subsequently,total RNA was extracted from the cells and reversely transcribed into cDNA followed by labeling with Cy3 and hybridization to a NimbleGen microarray.Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis was carried out to screen differentially expressed genes between the experimental and control group.Real time PCR was conducted to validate the results of microarray analysis.Results As the genome-wide expression profile analysis showed,there were 622 genes differentially expressed between the experimental group and control group,of which,359 were up-regulated and 263 were down-regulated in the experimental group compared with the control group.The above results were corffirmed by real time PCR.GO analysis revealed that the up-regulated genes,such as the CHEK1 and Tobl genes,were mainly involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of cell apoptosis,while the down-regulated genes,such as the BAMBI,EFNA3,Dlx3 and UCGC genes,were associated with the acceleration of cell proliferation as well as the growth and development of epidermis.Pathway analysis showed that cell circle-controlling molecules were the most abundant molecules.Conclusions Numerous signalling molecules and pathways are involved in the development of AGA,which are mainly responsible for the modulation of cell circle,proliferation and apoptosis.

A UPLC-MS/MS method based on metabonomic skills was developed to study the serum metabolic changes of rats after acute liver injury induced by CCl4 and to evaluate the action mechanism of Si-Ni-San. The integrated data were exported for principal components analysis (PCA) by using SIMCA-P software, in order to find the potential biomarkers. It showed that clear separation of healthy control group, model group, silymarin group, Si-Ni-San group was achieved by using the PCA method. Nine significantly changed metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of acute liver injury. Compared with the health control group, the model group rats showed higher levels of phenylalanine, tryptophan and GCDCA together with lower levels of LPC 16 : 0, LPC 18 : 0, LPC 18 : 1, LPC 16 : 1, LPC 20 : 4 and LPC 22 : 6. These changes of serum metabolites suggested that the disorders of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis and anti-oxidative damage were related to acute liver injury induced by CCl4. Si-Ni-San might have the anti-liver injury effect on all these four metabolic pathways.