OBJECTIVE To study the hospital infection among surgical system inpatients in order to work out more effective management plans concerning hospital infection.METHODS Totally 5963 surgical patients from Dec 2000 to Nov 2002 were analyzed by means of the retrospective study.RESULTS Among them there were hospital infections in 243 cases.The surgical hospital infection rate was 4.08% and the neurosurgical hospital infection rate was 5.37% which was the highest among all departments.The main part of infection mostly located in lower respiratory tract(21.30%),then were higher respiratory and urinary tracts(9.88%),incision site(10.70%),gastrointestinal tract(9.05%) and the others(6.17%).The infection rate in male patients was higher than in the females.The sex ratio was 2.2∶1.The infection rate was 4.67%.The highest infection rate after admission in hospital and at 31 to 60 days from January to March(4.95%) as well as from October to December(4.58%).The bacteriological rate was 28.40%,lower than the rate of≥50.00% demanded by the Ministry of Health.CONCLUSIONS The hospital infection in surgical patients is closely related to the departments,sex,duration of hospital stay,season and invasive clinical procedures.

Objective To explore the relationship between visuospatial abilities of the students ma-jor in air traffic management and their performances,and then provide theories of their vocational classified. Methods 104 healthy male college students were tested by the cognitive laterality battery (CLB),which included visuospatial tests and verbal-sequential tests.At the same time,their performances assessed by air traffic management stimulators.Results Subjects with higher scores achieved by operating on air traffic management stimulators have higher visuospatial abilities,which was confirmed by the visual spatial scores (A) ((0.183±0.094) vs (0.060±0.338), t=41.57, P=0.000) and cognitive laterality quotient (CLQ) ((0.087±0.108) vs (-0.096±0.101), t=43.14, P=0.000)).However,compared with others in lower scores group,their scores on the phonological tests (P) reduced ((0.096±0.081) vs (0.157±0.092), t=6.81, P=0.012) ) .Moreover,there were the significant positive correlation between their performance on air traffic management stimulators and A ( r=0.749, P<0.01) ,CLQ ( r=0.663, P<0.01) ,cognitive performance quotient (CPQ) ( r=0.394, P<0.01).Conclusion For air traffic management occupation,the higher visual spatial abilities were the base of having the higher performance.Thus the visuospatial abilities may be as a good index of selecting and vocational classified for air traffic management students.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Tongfeng trace elements nutrient balance agent on the various growth indicators, physiological indicators, and the contents of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid in one-year old Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

METHODThe plants of G. uralensis growing in Chifeng of Inner Mongolia and medicinal garden of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine were fertilized for two times, respectively. The photosynthetic physiological indicators were measured by LI-6400 photosynthetic instrument. The pigments and antioxidase activities of the leaves were determined. Then contents of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid in the plants were determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe application of this trace element nutrient balance agent could significantly improve the height, chla and chlb, and the photosynthetic physiology indicator such as P(n), C(i), and G(s). Similarly, it could significantly increase the fresh weight of shoots and dry weight of the roots. Compared with control block (CK), the fertilizer which was diluted by 300 times (T(1)) and 600 times (T(2)) significantly increased the content of glycyrrhizic acid by 24.72% and 20. 23%. There was significant difference between different treatments (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe Tongfeng trace elements nutrient balance agent could promote growth, physiology and the content of active constituents of G. uralensis, especially the effect of T(1) was superior to T(2).

Enzyme Activation ; drug effects ; Fertilizers ; Flavanones ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; metabolism ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; metabolism ; Oxidoreductases ; metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; drug effects ; Trace Elements ; pharmacology

Good anticoagulant biomaterials need good surface chemical properties, good mechanics performances and particularly good characteristics of biocompatibility, including tissue compatibility and hemocompatibility. In order to understand with greater clearness the anticoagulant biomaterial, we have to characterize them by different methods. In this paper, the approaches to assessing and displaying the characteristics of anticoagulant biomaterial are reviewed in three aspects, namely the surface chemical properties and structure, the mechanics performances the and the biocompatibility of anticoagulant biomaterial.
Anticoagulants ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Prostheses and Implants ; adverse effects ; Prosthesis Design ; Surface Properties

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Scale(NIAS)in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Methods Based on convenience sampling method,304 patients from the Treatment Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease of two Grade Ⅲ Level hospitals A in Jiangsu Province were selected as the research objects,and they were investigated by a general information questionnaire,NIAS,and the Satisfaction with Food-Related Life(SWFL).Item analysis(discrimination analysis,correlation coefficient)and reliability analysis of the total scale and subscales(Cronbach's α coefficient)were performed.Exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,criterion-related validity,con-vergent validity,and discriminant validity were used to test the validity of the scale.Results The Chinese version of NIAS contained 9 items,including 3 subscales of picky eating,appetite and fear;the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good construct validity in 3-factor model[x2/df=2.340,root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA)=0.078,standardized root mean square residual(SRMR)=0.046,incremental fit index(IFI)=0.969,comparative fit index(CFI)=0.969,normed fit index(NFI)=0.948,goodness of fit index(GFI)=0.951,the Tucker-Lewis index(TLI)=0.951];the correlation coefficient between the total score of the Chinese version of NIAS and the SWFL scale was-0.353,indicating a strong correlation;the aggregated validity CR values for each dimension of the scale were 0.821 to 0.855,and the AVE values were 0.606 for appetite,0.621 for picky eating,and 0.664 for fear.The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the Chinese ver-sion of the NIAS scale was 0.82,and the Cronbach's α coefficients for dimensions of picky eating,appetite and fear were 0.87,0.71 and 0.92 respectively,indicating the Chinese version of the NIAS scale had good internal consistency and stability.Conclusion The Chinese version of the NIAS scale has good reliability and validity,and can be used to evaluate avoidant and restrictive food intake disorder behaviors in IBD patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of silencing LncRNA SNHG7 on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte injury and its targeted regulation on miR-181b-5p. METHODS: Rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control group, H/R group, H/R + si-NC group, H/R + si-SNHG7 group, H/R + si-SNHG7 + anti-miR-NC group and H/R + si-SNHG7 + anti-miR-181b-5p group. The content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialedhyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected. Flow cytometry was carried out to detect the rate of apoptosis. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of SNHG7 and miR-181b-5p. Dual luciferase report experiment was used to verify the targeting relationship between SNHG7 and miR-181b-5p. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the H/R group showed significantly increased SNHG7 expression in cardiomyocytes, reduced miR-181b-5p expression, higher levels of LDH and MDA, reduced activity of SOD, increased cell apoptosis rate, higher level of Bax protein, and reduced level of Bcl-2 protein (all P< 0.05). Compared with the H/R and H/R + si-NC groups, the H/R + si-SNHG7 group had significantly reduced level of LDH and MDA, increased activity of SOD, reduced apoptosis rate, reduced level of Bax protein, increased level of Bcl-2 protein (all P< 0.05). The dual luciferase report experiment confirmed that SNHG7 could target miR-181b-5p. Interference with the expression of miR-181b-5p could reduce the effect of silencing SNHG7 on H/R-induced cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Silencing SNHG7 may inhibit H/R-induced cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of miR-181b-5p, thereby exerting a protective effect on cardiomyocytes.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Hypoxia ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Rats

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of different denture cleaning methods on surface roughness in resin denture base. METHODS: We established 20 wafer samples of fuser base resin (14 mm×14 mm×3 mm), and then randomly divided them into 4 groups: group A was the control group, which were placed in water, while group B, C and D were the experimental groups, whose cleaning methods were toothbrush and water, toothbrush and toothpaste, denture cleaning tablets, respectively. Each procedure in group B and C lasted for 3 seconds, but group D lasted 5 min and repeated for 1080 times. We cleaned twice a day to simulate the method of cleaning dentures. Surface roughness was checked after different procedures by laser scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS: Significant difference on surface roughness was found between group B, C and A (P<0.05), while no significant difference in the surface roughness between group A and D (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Significant surface roughness alterations have been observed in toothbrush and toothpaste group, but no change has been found in denture cleaning tablets group, which does not produce scratches on the surface of resin denture base.
Acrylic Resins ; Denture Bases ; Denture Cleansers ; Dentures ; Random Allocation ; Surface Properties ; Toothbrushing

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Scale(NIAS)in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Methods Based on convenience sampling method,304 patients from the Treatment Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease of two Grade Ⅲ Level hospitals A in Jiangsu Province were selected as the research objects,and they were investigated by a general information questionnaire,NIAS,and the Satisfaction with Food-Related Life(SWFL).Item analysis(discrimination analysis,correlation coefficient)and reliability analysis of the total scale and subscales(Cronbach's α coefficient)were performed.Exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,criterion-related validity,con-vergent validity,and discriminant validity were used to test the validity of the scale.Results The Chinese version of NIAS contained 9 items,including 3 subscales of picky eating,appetite and fear;the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good construct validity in 3-factor model[x2/df=2.340,root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA)=0.078,standardized root mean square residual(SRMR)=0.046,incremental fit index(IFI)=0.969,comparative fit index(CFI)=0.969,normed fit index(NFI)=0.948,goodness of fit index(GFI)=0.951,the Tucker-Lewis index(TLI)=0.951];the correlation coefficient between the total score of the Chinese version of NIAS and the SWFL scale was-0.353,indicating a strong correlation;the aggregated validity CR values for each dimension of the scale were 0.821 to 0.855,and the AVE values were 0.606 for appetite,0.621 for picky eating,and 0.664 for fear.The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the Chinese ver-sion of the NIAS scale was 0.82,and the Cronbach's α coefficients for dimensions of picky eating,appetite and fear were 0.87,0.71 and 0.92 respectively,indicating the Chinese version of the NIAS scale had good internal consistency and stability.Conclusion The Chinese version of the NIAS scale has good reliability and validity,and can be used to evaluate avoidant and restrictive food intake disorder behaviors in IBD patients.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of shRNA interfered with expression of leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) on the malignant behaviors of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs).Methods The experimental study was conducted.The CSCs expressing Lgr5+ were sorted by fluorescence activated cell sorting.Lgr5+ cells that were transfected with Lgr5-shRNA lentiviral vector and nontarget shRNA lentiviral vector were respectively allocated into the experimental group and control group.The percentage of Lgr5+ cells was analyzed by flow cytometery.The relative expression of Lgr5 mRNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).The capacity of self-renewal was detected by sphere forming assay.The tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo were respectively measured by colony formation assay and xenografting experiment.The mRNA expressions of stem cells related genes (Oct4,Sox2,Nanog,KLF4),CSCs genes (CD133,CD44,ALDH) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway key genes (Axin2,Wnt5a,Wnt3a,Fzd3,c-myc,VEGF,Ascl2,claudin-1) were detected by qRT-PCR.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as-x±s.Comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test.Results (1)Transfection efficiency of shRNA lentiviral vector induced Lgr5 by flow cytometery was respectively 6.8％± 1.0％ in the experimental group and 92.7％±3.3％ in the control group,with a statistically significant difference (t =43.148,P＜0.05).The relative expression of Lgr5 mRNA measured by qPT-PCR was respectively 0.168±0.057 in the experimental group and 1.148±0.004 in the control group,with a statistically significant difference (t=28.778,P＜0.05).(2) The capacity of self-renewal was detected by sphere forming assay.The results of sphere forming assay:the number of spheres was 29±6 in the experimental group and 410± 10 in the control group,with a statistically significant difference (t =41.070,P＜0.05).The results of colony formation assay:the numbers of colonies in the experimental group and control group were respectively 72±4 and 412± 19,showing a statistically significant difference (t =31.433,P＜ 0.05).The results of tumorigenesis:the volumes of tumors in the experimental group and control group were respectively (81± 15)mm3 and (328±24)mm3,with a statistically significant difference (t=11.304,P＜0.05).(3) The effects of Lgr5 down-regulation on related genes,results of qRT-PCR detection:① The mRNA relative expressions of Oct4,Sox2,Nanog and KLF4 (stem cells related genes) were 0.377±0.093,0.662±0.104,3.591±0.300,0.425±0.091 in the experimental group and 1.957± 0.026,2.137±0.015,5.831±0.165,1.536±0.014 in the control group,with statistically significant differences (t=23.079,22.261,8.446,19.186,P＜0.05).② The mRNA relative expressions of CD133,CD44 and ALDH (CSCs genes) were 1.490±0.155,5.535±0.487,1.640±0.039 in the experimental group and 2.488± 0.061,9.908±0.332,5.718±0.292 in the control group,with statistically significant differences (t =8.170,9.667,27.849,P＜0.05).③The mRNA relative expressions of Axin2,Wnt5a,Wnt3a,Fzd3,c-myc,VEGF,Ascl2 and claudin-1 genes in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were respectively 1.592±0.267,0.528±0.138,2.153±0.078,1.480±0.064,0.248±0.128,1.492±0.025,0.658±0.095,1.647±0.087 in the experimental group and 3.651±0.224,2.570±0.093,2.301±0.157,1.636±0.058,1.415±0.080,2.610±0.159,2.480±0.123,3.432±0.273 in the control group.There were statistically significant differences in the mRNA relative expressions of Axin2,Wnt5a,c-myc,VEGF,Ascl2 and claudin-1 genes between the 2 groups (t =7.316,15.332,12.649,12.320,14.831,9.063,P＜0.05),and no statistically significant difference in the mRNA relative expressions of Wnt3a and Fzd3 between the 2 groups (t =2.887,2.242,P＞0.05).Conclusion The malignant behaviors of colorectal CSCs are suppressed after shRNA lentivirus interfered with expression of Lrg5,and its mechanism is related to inhibiting activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of metabolically healthy obese ( MHO) individuals, and to explore the risk of progression into metabolic disorders after 3 years. Methods A total of 3943 residents in Jining City were evaluated twice from February 2012 to August 2015, and 3766 individuals were enrolled excluding those with missing data. Of the subjects, 875 subjects were screened as metabolic normal population, which were divided into MHO(n = 127), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW, n = 386), and metabolically healthy normal weight ( MHNW, n = 362) groups. T test, x2 test, and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results The incidence of MHO was 11. 63％ (127 / 1092) in obesity, and the proportion of MHO in females was higher than that in males(13. 91％ vs 7. 82％ , P<0. 05). Compared with MHNW group, the levels of HbA1C , fasting insulin, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C), triglyceride ( TG), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), and waist circumference(WC) were higher in MHO while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower(all P<0. 05); and fasting insulin, LDL-C, TG, GGT, SBP, WC were higher in MHOW while HDL-C was lower (all P<0. 05). The levels of fasting insulin, TG, SBP, WC were higher in MHO while GFR and HDL-C were lower compared with MHOW(all P<0. 05). Following up for 3 years, the incidences of dyslipidemia in MHNW, MHOW, and MHO were 17. 96％ (65 / 362), 32. 90％ (127 / 386), 42. 52％ (54 / 127), respectively, with significant difference among three groups(P<0. 05). The incidences of hyperglycemia in the three groups were 20. 17％ (73 / 362), 22. 80％(88 / 386), 26. 77％ (34 / 127), respectively, without significant difference among groups ( all P > 0. 05). After adjustment for some factors including sex, age, fasting insulin, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, GGT, and creatinine, the risks of dyslipidemia in MHO ( OR = 2. 193, 95％ CI 1. 359-3. 539, P<0. 05) and MHOW(OR= 1. 705, 95％ CI 1. 190-2. 443, P<0. 05) were significantly increased as compared with MHNW. Conclusion Compared with MHNW individuals, MHOW/ MHO individuals show an obviously different clinical feature as well as with higher risks of dyslipidemia after 3 years.