Objective To examine the association between baseline body mass index (BMI) and overall survival (OS) in lymph node negative breast cancer patients. Methods From Jan. 1st, 1998 to Dec. 30th, 2008, 662 patients with lymph node negative breast cancer were treated at the Breast Center of Peking University Peo-ple’s Hospital. The clinical factors such as menopause status, tumor stage, body mass index (BMI), total triglyc-eride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and glucose (GLU) were collected. The chi-square test was used to assess the association between obese and other factors. Log-Rank test and Cox regression analysis were performed to make univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The median follow up was 82 months (ranging from 2 to 209 months). The 5-year and 10-year survival was 93% and 82%. Obesity was associated with GLU and tumor stage (χ2=5.224, P=0.031; χ2=6.007, P=0.14), whereas there was no relationship between obesity and other factors. The Log-Rank test revealed statistically significant better survival for non obesity (χ2=4.693, P=0.030), normal GLU (χ2=4.678, P=0.031) and HR positive patients (χ2=7.837, P=0.005). COX regression analysis showed that BMI (χ2=3.874, P=0.049) and HR status (χ2=6.782, P=0.030) had independent influence on overall survival of node negative breast cancer patients. Conclusion Obesity is an adverse prognostic factor for lymph node negative breast cancer patients, which may be associated with obesity-related disorders such as high blood GLU.

Objective To explore the association between the minimum temperature in different seasons and the hospital emergency room visits for cardiocerebrovascular diseases(International Classification of Diseases,tenth vision ICD-10:I00-I99) in Beijing,China.Methods The data of the daily hospital emergency room visits for cardiocerebrovascular diseases(ICD-10:I00-I99)from one of Peking university hospitals,the data of relevant ambient air pollution from the Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center and the data of meteorological index from China meteorological data sharing service system between 2004— 2006 were collected The time-stratified case-crossover design was used to analyze the data.Results After adjusting SO2,NO2,and PM10,the results showed that each 1 ℃ increase in the daily minimum temperature in summer was associated with the intraday hospital emergency room visits(OR=1.039,P

0.05) . Conclusion Air pollution can increase the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth in the exposed pregnant women.

Objective To explore the association between the daily maximum temperature and hospital emergency visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ( ICD-10: I00～I99) in different seasons in Beijing, China. Methods The data of the daily hospital emergency visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (ICD-10: I00～I99) from a Level-3A hospital in Haidian district in Beijing during 2004-2006 and the corresponding meteorological, air pollution data were collected. The seasonal-stratified case-crossover design and Logistic multiple regression model was used for the data analysis. Results After adjusting the influence of relative humidity, wind speed and atmospheric pressure, for 1℃ increase in daily maximum temperature, the corresponding increase in the hospital emergency visits of the diseases was 17.3%(OR=1.173, 95%CI:1.149～1.197) and 4.2% (OR=1.042, 95%CI: 1.011～1.074) in spring and summer of the years, respectively (P0.05). Conclusion The increase of daily maximum temperature may be a risk factor for daily hospital emergency visits for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in spring and summer, however, it may be a preventive factor in autumn. The effects of air temperature on health should not be the same in seasons.

Objective To explore the influence of erythropoietin (EPO) on infection induced neonatal rat brain injury at different starting time and its related mechanism.Methods Postnatal day 2 (P2) newborn SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group (group A),lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (group B),the early EPO group(group C)and the later EPO group(group D).Pups in group A,B and C were injected different drugs intraperitoneally(group A for saline,group B for 0.6 mg/kg of LPS,and group C for 0.6 mg/kg of LPS and 5 000 U/kg of EPO) once a day for consecutive 5 days(P2-P6).LPS in group D were injected 0.6 mg/kg of LPS intraperitoneally once a day for consecutive 5 days(P2 P6),and with 5 000 U/kg of EPO once a day for consecutive 5 days(P7-P1 1).Rats in each group were given different drugs starting at corresponding time by intraperitoneal injection for 5 consecutive days.Every 10 newborn rats in group A and B were selected randomly on P2(6 h after intraperitoneal injection of drugs for the first time),P7 and P12,the brains were divided into the left and the right hemispheres marked by sagittal suture,using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method to evaluate the erythropoietin receptor(EPOR) protein level with the right cerebral hemisphere and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to investigate EPOR mRNA level of the left cerebral hemisphere.Immunohistochemical method was adopted to evaluate the expression of myelin basic protein(MBP),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and EPOR at specified time point,and HE dyeing for the pathological changes of brain damage in different groups.Results HE staining of the group A presented the normal structure in the neonatal rat brain.Reduced numbers of hippocampal pyramidal cells,expansion of the lateral ventricles and periventricular leukomalacia were found in group B.No leukomalacia or lateral ventricles's expansion in EPO administrated groups and it was more obvious in group C.The EPOR protein and mRNA of group B was increased compared with the group A.The EPOR protein and mRNA levels had a tendency to decline with the increase of age.The MBP expression of group B(107.46 ±3.65)was significantly reduced compared with the group A(146.78 ± 3.13) (P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of EPO groups increased in contrast to the group B,moreover,the group C (126.25 ± 4.42) increased more obviously than that of group D(117.35 ± 3.42) (P ＜ 0.05).The GFAP expression of group B(141.46 ± 11.92 at P7 and 149.48 ± 13.59 at P12) increased significantly than group A(120.63 ± 13.32 at P7 and 119.74 ± 12.48 at P12) (P ＜0.05),the EPO group expressed lower than group B at the P12,and the group C (134.59 ± 12.19) decreased than the group D(137.27 ± 13.87) (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions EPO shows a protective effect on the cerebral white matter injury caused by postpartum infection,it is superior to administer EPO at early time than later time.The mechanism of the protective effect may be connected with the fact that the infection can induce the expression of brain EPOR and the EPOR expression level has a tendency to decline with the increase of age.

Background and purpose:Kiss-1 and nm23 have been identifi ed as tumor metastasis suppressor genes,and they have been associated with the metastatic potential of breast cancer.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of Kiss-1 and nm23 expression with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.Methods:The expression of Kiss-1 and nm23 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in 70 patients with breast cancer.Results:The positive rate of Kiss-1 and nm23 were 62.86% and 68.57%,38.46% and 50.00% in breast cancer patients with lymph node metastasis,markedly lower than the 77.27%,and 79.55% in patients without lymph node metastasis(P

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of mongolian medicine Cymbaria dahurica extract. METHODS:96 KM mice(or SD rats)were randomly divided into model group(water),positive control group(aspirin, 0.5 g/kg),C. dahurica ethanol extract (70% ethanol) low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups (0.325,0.650,1.300 g/kg, calculated by crude drug) and C. dahurica aqueous extract of the residue of alcohol extraction low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups(0.325,0.650,1.300 g/kg,calculated by crude drug). They were given relevant medicine intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 7 d. The xylene-induced ear edema method was used to determine the degree of ear edema,and egg white-in-duced paw edema method was used to determine paw edema after inducing inflammation 1,2,4,6 h;anti-inflammatory activity of C. dahurica extract was investigated. 96 KM mice were grouped and given medicine with same method;the number of writhing within 20 min was determined by acetic acid writhing method. Another 64 KM mice were grouped with same method,with 8 mice in each group;except positive control group was given tramadol hydrochloride(0.5 g/kg)intragastrically,other groups were given relevant medicine with same method. Pain thresholds of mice were determined by hot-plate test before and after medication 30,45, 60,90 min,and analgesic effects of C. dahurica extract were investigated. RESULTS:Compared with model group,C. dahurica extract could obviously restrain the ear edema of mice and paw edema of rats 6 h after egg white-induced inflammation. Except paw edema of rats in C. dahurica aqueous extract of the residue of alcohol extraction high-dose group was decreased slightly,there was statistical significance among other groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). C. dahurica extract decreased the number of writhing in mice within 20 min,and extended pain thresholds of mice 30,60,90 min after medication (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Both C. dahurica ethanol extract and aqueous extract of the residue of alcohol extraction posses certain anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Objective To obtain I50 anti-idiotype antibody and identify its activity in vitro.Methods I50 anti-idiotype (Id) antibody gene was amplified from the template of fuse 5-I50 by PCR to construct a prokaryotic expression vector pET25b-I50. The expression of pET25b-I50 in E. coli BL21(DE3) was induced by isopropylthio-β-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG) and was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot with Ab1(FC2) monoclonal antibody and an anti-hexahistidine tag antibody. The method of dialysis refolding was used to restore the activity of I50 anti-Id antibody, which was measured by Dot-ELISA and lymphocyte proliferation assay. Results The recombinant vector was successfully constructed and the recombinant protein was successfully expressed and purified with 90% purity. The relative molecular weight of the expressed protein was 15 kD, which was in accordance with expectation. The activity of I50 anti-Id antibody could be restored and could promote the proliferation of lymphocyte in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion These results suggested that I50 anti-Id protein vaccine is likely an option in the therapy against nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vivo.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of caffeine citrate (CC) on the neuronal proliferation and apoptosis and long-term learning ability in neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).MethodsForty-eight 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group (n=16), HIBD group (n=16), HIBD + caffeine citrate group (CC group,n=16). Rats in HIBD and CC groups received ligation of left common carotid artery followed by 2 hours of hypoxia to establish HIBD model. Rats in CC group were injected intraperitoneally with CC (20 mg/kg) before and at 0 min, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after hypoxia-ischemic (HI), and rats in the other two groups were injected intraperitoneally with an equal volume of normal saline at the corresponding time. Meanwhile, from postnatal day 10, each rat was injected intraperitoneally with 5-bromo-2’-de-oxyuridine (BrdU) (50 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive times, once every 12 h. On postnatal day 12, BrdU in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and cleaved caspase-3 in the hippocampal CA1 area were detected by immunohistochemistry, and neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 area were detected by TUNEL staining. On postnatal day 28, long-term learning and memory ability of rats was tested by Y maze.ResultsThere was signiifcant difference in the number of BrdU-positive cells in brain tissues of rats among three groups (F=101.38,P<0.01). The BrdU-positive cells in HIBD group and CC group were signiifcantly more than those in sham operation group (P<0.05). There was signiifcant difference in the number of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells in hippocampal CA1 area among three groups (F=379.77,P<0.01). The cleaved caspase-3-positive cells in CC group were signiif-cantly fewer than those in HIBD group but signiifcantly more than those in sham operation group (P<0.05). The TUNEL-pos-itive cells in hippocampal CA1 area were signiifcantly different among three groups (F=505.92,P<0.01) which was most in HIBD group and fewest in sham operation group and signiifcant difference was found through multiple comparison (P<0.05). The total learning number of avoiding electric shock tested by Y maze was signiifcantly different among three groups (F=32.05, P<0.01) which was most in HIBD group. Correct response rate was significantly different among three groups (F=24.99, P<0.01) which was lowest in HIBD group.ConclusionsCaffeine citrate can improve the ability of long-term learning and memory in neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischemic brain damage, the mechanism of which may be related to reducing the neuronal apoptosis after hypoxia ischemia.

Objective To investigate the status of structural empowerment,job stress and burnout,and to explore the relationship aunong them.Methods The questionnaires of CWEQ-Ⅱ,job stressors and MBI were used to investigate 350 nurses working at tertiary-level hospitals.Results The average score of CWEQ-Ⅱ was (2.23±0.59),the score of EE of MBI was (29.75±13.94),PA was (27.40±11.21),both of them showed a high level of exhaustion,DP was (8.07±5.82),which showed a middle level of exhaustion.The findings showed that workload and time pressure were the most frequently encountered job stressor among staff nurses,the score was (3.23±0.95).There was a significant correlation among structural empowerment,job stressors and the level of burnout.Hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation modeling showed that structural empowerment had significant influence on every factor of job stressors and burnout,job stressors had significant influence on the every factors of burnout.Conciusins It is suggested to pay attention to the main job stressors,and take proper interventions to enhance nurses' structural empowerment to prevent burnout,and thereby to raise the quality of care.