Objective To investigate the temporal changes in pathological damage and macrophage polarization in liver and spleen tissues of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and to preliminarily unravel the peripheral immune responses during the early stage of A. cantonensis infection. Methods Forty female BALB/c mice at ages of 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups, including the control group and 7-, 14-, and 21-day infection groups, with 10 mice in each group. Each mouse in the infection groups was inoculated with 30 third-stage (L3) larvae of A. cantonensis by oral gavage, and five mice were randomly selected from each infection group on days 7, 14, and 21 post-infection, while mice in the control group were given the same volume of physiological saline and five mice were randomly selected from the control group on the day of oral gavage. Mouse liver and spleen tissues were sampled. The histopathological changes of mouse liver and spleen tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the percentage of positive staining area and the co-localization positive rates of the macrophage surface antigens F4/80, CD86, and CD206 were quantified in mouse liver and spleen tissues using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, five mice were collected from each infection group on days 7, 14, and 21 post-infection, and five mice were collected from the control group on the day of oral gavage. Mouse liver and spleen tissues were sampled for detection of macrophage markers CD86 and CD206 and macrophage phenotyping using flow cytometry, and the expression of M1 macrophage markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and M2 markers, including arginase 1 (Arg1), mannose receptor C-type 1 (Mrc1) and chitinase-like protein 3 (Chil3) was quantified in mouse liver and spleen tissues using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. Results Proliferative lesions of the hepatocyte were observed in mouse liver tissues and the follicular structures of the mouse spleen white pulp were disrupted 21 days post-infection with A. cantonensis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that there were significant differences in the percentages of F4/80, CD86 and CD206 positive staining areas in the liver and spleen tissues among the four groups of mice (F = 242.40, 197.14, 183.19, 157.65, 242.35 and 146.24; all P values < 0.001), and the percentages of positive staining in the liver and spleen tissues of mice in the 14-day infection group [(4.45 ± 0.51)%, (3.74 ± 0.67)%, (8.32 ± 0.72)%, (16.56 ± 1.14)%, (11.62 ± 0.52)%, and (8.29 ± 0.72)%, respectively] and the 21-day infection group [(3.70 ± 0.11)%, (3.22 ± 0.43)%, (11.53 ± 1.03)%, (12.59 ± 1.05)%, (9.02 ± 0.83)%, and (11.67 ± 1.10)%, respectively] were higher than in the control group [(0.35 ± 0.16)%, (0.40 ± 0.02)%, (0.93 ± 0.05)%, (2.78 ± 0.26)%, (2.33 ± 0.20)%, and (1.85 ± 0.20)%, respectively] (all P values < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed significant differences in the positive rates of F4/80 co-localization with CD86 and CD206 in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 24.42, 25.28, 54.51 and 130.55; all P values < 0.001). Flow cytometry detected significant differences in the proportions of CD86⁺ and CD206⁺ macrophages in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 67.98, 18.41, 29.77, 172.80; all P values < 0.001), and the proportions of CD206⁺ macrophages in the liver and spleen of the 21-day infection group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(9.25 ± 2.55)% vs (3.83 ± 0.72)%, and (4.22 ± 0.56)% vs (0.47 ± 0.18)%, respectively] (both P values < 0.05). In addition, RT-qPCR assay quantified significant differences in the relative mRNA expression of M1 macrophage markers (IL-1β, TNF-α and Nos2) and M2 macrophage markers (Arg1, Chil3 and Mrc1) in mouse liver and spleen tissues among the four groups (F = 41.30, 31.82, 199.33, 19.96, 62.01, 119.76, 23.67, 95.90, 72.27, 82.59, 123.41 and 29.75; all P values < 0.05). Conclusions A. cantonensis infection may cause progressive pathological damage in mouse liver and spleen tissues, accompanied by dynamic temporal changes in macrophage polarization. M1 macrophage polarization predominates at the early stage of A. cantonensis infection and shifts towards M2 polarization at the later stages, suggesting that M2 polarization may participate in immune regulation at late stages of A. cantonensis infection by suppressing excessive inflammatory responses and promoting tissue repair.

Objective To investigate the impact of phase Ⅱ cardiac rehabilitation on the rehabilitation needs and physical activity status of patients after coronary heart disease intervention.Methods A total of 90 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in the Coronary Heart Disease Center of the hospital from August 2023 to August 2024 were selected as the research subjects.They were subjected to a 12-week standardized phase Ⅱ cardiac rehabilitation training.General data survey forms,cardiac rehabilitation scales,and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used for scale surveys to understand the patients' needs before and after rehabilitation and their weekly physical activity en-ergy expenditure.The cardiopulmonary exercise test gold standard,which reflects exercise capacity through three indicators-maximum oxygen uptake(VO2 max),anaerobic threshold(AT),and metabolic equivalents(MET),were used to compare the physical activity status before and after cardiac rehabilitation.Results Compared with before the implementation,after the implementation of cardiac rehabilitation,the autonomy score in-creased(21.36±1.85 vs.16.73±3.28),the process anxiety(12.60±3.87 vs.14.27±2.12)and outcome anxiety scores(2.31±1.76 vs.4.56±3.56)decreased,the level of low-intensity physical activity decreased[(2 711.62±1 487.09)min/week vs.(3 845.97±2 083.71)min/week],the levels of moderate-intensity[(1 314.67±783.54)min/week vs.(686.22±126.79)min/week],high-intensity[(1 861.33±798.27)min/week vs.(112.00±40.77)min/week],and total physical activity increased[(5 887.62±2 843.54)min/week vs.(4 644.19±2 287.16)min/week].The levels of VO2 max[(28.11±14.28)mL·min-1·kg-1 vs.(23.82±12.34)mL·min-1·kg-1],AT[(16.06±5.41)mL·min-1·kg-1 vs.(13.53±4.56)mL·min-1·kg-1],and MET[(6.89±1.59)mL·min-1·kg-1 vs.(5.78±1.21)mL·min-1·kg-1]all in-creased,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Phase Ⅱ rehabilitation after PCI can effectively improve patients' physical activity levels.

Objective To analyze the adverse reaction reports （ADRs） of drug-induced liver injury in recent ten years, explore the characteristics and related rules of drug-induced liver injury, and provide reference for clinical safe drug use. Methods ADRs in our hospital from 2011 to 2021 which belonged to drug-induced liver injuries were collected, and Pareto analysis was carried on. Results In 259 ADR reports, the most common type of drug-induced liver injury was hepatocellular injury （37.84%）. The age of drug-induced liver injury was mainly over 46 years, totaling 195 （75.28%）. Drugs were mainly distributed in cardiovascular system medicine （44.02%）, anti-infective medicine （23.94%）and anti-tumor medicine （11.58%）. Among the cardiovascular drugs, atorvastatin calcium 40mg and over 40mg were the highest proportion, with 53 cases （46.49%）. The main anti-infectious drugs were cephalosporins （29.03%）, carbapenem （19.35%）， antifungal （17.74%）and quinolones （11.29%）. Adverse reactions occurred within 6 days （69.88%）, the duration of adverse reactions was 1-2 weeks （31.66%）, and most patients were improved （47.88%） or cured （37.07%）. Conclusion For middle-aged and elderly patients, when the application of cardiovascular system drugs, anti-infective drugs or anti-tumor drugs, it is necessary to monitor the liver function changes of patients for at least 6 days. If there are abnormalities, the drugs should be stopped or given treatment in time, to avoid the progress of drug-induced liver injury.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), characterized by fatty acid overload, secondary chronic inflammation, and fibrosis, has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally. While no effective pharmacotherapy exists for MAFLD, mitigating inflammatory responses represents a promising approach to preventing the progression from steatosis to severe steatohepatitis. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which detects endogenous danger and stress signals, has emerged as a significant target for inflammatory disease treatment, as transcriptional inactivation of its components demonstrates the therapeutic potential for MAFLD. Natural products targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activation have shown promising efficacy in MAFLD therapy. This review synthesizes the current understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and therapeutic targets for NLRP3 homeostasis. Additionally, natural products reported to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome for MAFLD improvement are categorized according to their mechanisms of action. The review also addresses limitations and future directions regarding natural products targeting NLRP3 inflammasome in MAFLD treatment. Enhanced understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation mechanisms in MAFLD and the identification of novel natural products supported by mechanistic research will significantly advance MAFLD treatment.
Humans ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/immunology* ; Inflammasomes/metabolism* ; Biological Products/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Fatty Liver/immunology*

Objective To systematically compare the perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery total hysterectomy(R-vNOTES-TH),transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery total hysterectomy(vNOTES-TH),and robot-assisted laparoendoscopic single-site total hysterectomy(R-LESS-TH),and to evaluate the clinical advantages of R-vNOTES-TH.Methods Clinical data of 259 patients undergoing total hysterectomy for benign diseases at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan.2020 to Dec.2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Baseline indicators and perioperative indicators were collected.Patients were assigned to 3 groups according to the surgical approach:R-vNOTES-TH group(n=22),vNOTES-TH group(n=39),or R-LESS-TH group(n=198).Perioperative indicators were compared between the R-vNOTES-TH group and the other 2 groups to evaluate the advantages of R-vNOTES-TH.Results Compared with the vNOTES-TH group,the R-vNOTES-TH group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss(50[50,100]mL vs 100[50,100]mL,P=0.027),lower intraoperative fluid infusion volume(1 000[500,1 000]mL vs 1 000[1 000,1 500]mL,P＜0.001),and shorter urinary catheter indwelling time(3[1,4]d vs 5[2,5]d,P=0.043),but longer vaginal drain indwelling time(2[2,3]d vs 2[0,2]d,P=0.004).Compared with the R-LESS-TH group,the R-vNOTES-TH group had longer urinary catheter indwelling time(3[1,4]d vs 1[1,1]d,P＜0.001).Conclusion Compared with vNOTES-TH,R-vNOTES-TH enhances intraoperative operational precision,reduces bleed loss,and accelerates urinary catheter removal,confirming that the robotic system effectively overcomes the technical limitations of conventional vNOTES.Although R-vNOTES-TH eliminates abdominal wall trauma-thereby prolonging urinary catheter indwelling time relative to R-LESS-TH-it offers patients a truly scar-free alternative.

Objective To investigate the effect of abnormal iron metabolism on neurological func-tion in elderly patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH)after minimally inva-sive surgical evacuation.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 300 elderly patients with HICH admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023.At 28 d after surgery,Glas-gow Outcome Scale(GOS)was used to assess the presence of neurological deficits or not,and then they were divided into a good neurological function group(GOS score≥4,175 cases)and a poor neurological function group(GOS score＜4,125 cases).Iron deposition in cerebrospinal fluid and serum iron metabolism were compared between the two groups,and the risk factors for neu-rological deterioration were analyzed.Results Compared with the good neurological function group,the poor neurological function group exhibited significantly decreases in Glasgow coma scale(GCS)scores at admission and 7 d after admission and iron ions(P＜0.01).Bleeding vo-lume,ferritin,transferrin,and quantitative susceptibility mapping(QSM)values of the thalamus and the hippocampus were obviously increased upon admission(P＜0.01).Multi variate logistic regression analysis showed that admission bleeding volume(OR=1.083,95％CI:1.012-1.159,P=0.021),ferritin(OR=1.065,95％CI:1.016-1.116,P=0.009),and thalamic QSM value(OR=4.075,95％CI:2.848-5.830,P=0.000)were risk factors for neurological dysfunction in the HICH patients after minimally invasive surgical treatment,while GCS score(OR=0.430,95％CI:0.259-0.715,P=0.001)and iron ions(OR=0.193,95％CI:0.064-0.581,P=0.003)at 7 d of admission were protective factors.Conclusion Iron deposition in cerebrospinal fluid and abnormal iron metabolism in serum are related to the deterioration of neurological function in eld-erly patients with HICH after minimally invasive hematoma evacuation,and are regarded as po-tential therapeutic targets.

Objective To investigate the expression of ACTN1 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and its association with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods A total of 150 patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The serum expres-sion levels of ACTN1 were measured using ELISA. All CSCC patients underwent post-surgical follow-up and were categorized into a poor prognosis group (n=69) and a good prognosis group (n=81). Additionally,the 69 patients in the poor prognosis group were further classified into an ACTN1 lower expression subgroup (n=35) and an ACTN1 higher expression subgroup (n=34) based on the median expression level of ACTN1. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors associated with poor prognosis in CSCC patients. ROC curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical utility of serum ACTN1 expression levels in predicting poor prognosis in CSCC patients. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis was utilized to assess the relationship between serum ACTN1 expres-sion levels and the median time to poor prognosis in the 69 patients with poor prognosis. Furthermore,40 additional CSCC patients were recruited to compare the expression levels of ACTN1 in CSCC tissues and adjacent tissues using immunohistochemistry. Results The serum expression levels of ACTN1 in the Control group and the CSCC group were (12.12±2.26) ng/mL and (4.56±1.02) ng/mL,respectively. Compared to the Control group,the serum expres-sion level of ACTN1 in the CSCC group was significantly decreased,and the difference was statistically significant (t=31.37,P<0.001). In the poor prognosis group,the proportion of tumors with a diameter ≥ 5 cm,low degree of tumor cell differentiation,subadipocyte invasion depth,lymph node metastasis incidence,and serum ACTN1 expression levels were all significantly higher compared to the good prognosis group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis (OR=3.253) and elevated ACTN1 expression (OR=2.894) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis following CSCC surgery. The area under the curve (AUC) for serum ACTN1 expression in predicting poor prognosis post-surgery in CSCC patients was 0.911. At a cut-off value of 13.19 ng/mL for ACTN1,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 89.78％ and 92.12％,respectively. The median time to poor prognosis was 25 months in the ACTN1 low-expression group and 18.5 months in the ACTN1 high-expression group,respectively. The median time to poor prognosis was significantly shorter in the ACTN1 high-expression group compared to the low-expression group (HR=6.627,P<0.001). Among 40 CSCC tissue samples,32 cases exhibited higher ACTN1 expression,while 8 cases showed lower expression. In contrast,among 40 paracancerous tissue samples,11 cases had higher ACTN1 expression and 29 cases had lower expression. The higher expression rate of ACTN1 in CSCC tissues was significantly elevated compared to paracancerous tissues (x2=22.175,P<0.001). Conclusion The serum expression level of ACTN1 in CSCC patients was significantly elevated,suggesting its potential as a biomarker for assessing post-surgical prognosis in CSCC patients.

Multimodal biometric identification technology,which combines multiple biometric methods,is being increasingly used in forensic science due to its advantages such as difficulty of forgery and great accuracy.However,the current identification mainly relies on unimodal biometrics including facial recognition,hand recognition,iris recognition,gait recognition,and voice recognition.Thus,to a large extent,the accuracy of identification depends on the quality of the unimodal data,which faces multiple challenges.In contrast,multimodal biometrics has more obvious advantages in the field of identification,which can not only effectively resist attacks,but also enrich the feature representation with complementary information from multimodal sources,mitigate the impact of environment on the identification performance,and enhance the robustness of the system.To this end,this paper combs through the relevant work in this field,and comprehensively reviews the current research status and development trend of biometric identification technology.First,based on bibliometrics,the paper combs through the relevant research results in the past ten years,analyzes,summarizes,and discusses the commonly used deep learning models in this field,respectively,from unimodal recognition to multi-modal fusion recognition.Then the paper discusses the future development direction of the multimodal biometric identification field in the light of the practical needs of court science and provides reference for identification research.

Multimodal biometric identification technology,which combines multiple biometric methods,is being increasingly used in forensic science due to its advantages such as difficulty of forgery and great accuracy.However,the current identification mainly relies on unimodal biometrics including facial recognition,hand recognition,iris recognition,gait recognition,and voice recognition.Thus,to a large extent,the accuracy of identification depends on the quality of the unimodal data,which faces multiple challenges.In contrast,multimodal biometrics has more obvious advantages in the field of identification,which can not only effectively resist attacks,but also enrich the feature representation with complementary information from multimodal sources,mitigate the impact of environment on the identification performance,and enhance the robustness of the system.To this end,this paper combs through the relevant work in this field,and comprehensively reviews the current research status and development trend of biometric identification technology.First,based on bibliometrics,the paper combs through the relevant research results in the past ten years,analyzes,summarizes,and discusses the commonly used deep learning models in this field,respectively,from unimodal recognition to multi-modal fusion recognition.Then the paper discusses the future development direction of the multimodal biometric identification field in the light of the practical needs of court science and provides reference for identification research.

Objective To investigate the expression of ACTN1 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and its association with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods A total of 150 patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The serum expres-sion levels of ACTN1 were measured using ELISA. All CSCC patients underwent post-surgical follow-up and were categorized into a poor prognosis group (n=69) and a good prognosis group (n=81). Additionally,the 69 patients in the poor prognosis group were further classified into an ACTN1 lower expression subgroup (n=35) and an ACTN1 higher expression subgroup (n=34) based on the median expression level of ACTN1. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors associated with poor prognosis in CSCC patients. ROC curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical utility of serum ACTN1 expression levels in predicting poor prognosis in CSCC patients. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis was utilized to assess the relationship between serum ACTN1 expres-sion levels and the median time to poor prognosis in the 69 patients with poor prognosis. Furthermore,40 additional CSCC patients were recruited to compare the expression levels of ACTN1 in CSCC tissues and adjacent tissues using immunohistochemistry. Results The serum expression levels of ACTN1 in the Control group and the CSCC group were (12.12±2.26) ng/mL and (4.56±1.02) ng/mL,respectively. Compared to the Control group,the serum expres-sion level of ACTN1 in the CSCC group was significantly decreased,and the difference was statistically significant (t=31.37,P<0.001). In the poor prognosis group,the proportion of tumors with a diameter ≥ 5 cm,low degree of tumor cell differentiation,subadipocyte invasion depth,lymph node metastasis incidence,and serum ACTN1 expression levels were all significantly higher compared to the good prognosis group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis (OR=3.253) and elevated ACTN1 expression (OR=2.894) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis following CSCC surgery. The area under the curve (AUC) for serum ACTN1 expression in predicting poor prognosis post-surgery in CSCC patients was 0.911. At a cut-off value of 13.19 ng/mL for ACTN1,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 89.78％ and 92.12％,respectively. The median time to poor prognosis was 25 months in the ACTN1 low-expression group and 18.5 months in the ACTN1 high-expression group,respectively. The median time to poor prognosis was significantly shorter in the ACTN1 high-expression group compared to the low-expression group (HR=6.627,P<0.001). Among 40 CSCC tissue samples,32 cases exhibited higher ACTN1 expression,while 8 cases showed lower expression. In contrast,among 40 paracancerous tissue samples,11 cases had higher ACTN1 expression and 29 cases had lower expression. The higher expression rate of ACTN1 in CSCC tissues was significantly elevated compared to paracancerous tissues (x2=22.175,P<0.001). Conclusion The serum expression level of ACTN1 in CSCC patients was significantly elevated,suggesting its potential as a biomarker for assessing post-surgical prognosis in CSCC patients.