Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of syndrome caused by a non-progressive brain injury that occurs from before birth to 28 days after birth. The principal symptoms of CP are abnormal centrocinesia and irregular posture, or accompanied by intelligence disorders, seizures, dystropy, sensory impairments and other dysfunctions. To evaluate the function of children with cerebral palsy can assess disfuction level,judge clinical classification, estimate prognosis, and more importantly guide to establish treatment plan and evaluate therapeutic efficacy. At present, there are no unified standards to evaluate CP at home and abroad, So this article will overview evaluation methods of CP commonly used in recent years.

OBJECTIVE:To study the relation between the level of bacterial endotoxin and the severeness of biliary tract infection METHDOS:Chromogenic technique was adopted to detect the content of bacterial endotoxin in human bile RESULTS:The level of bacterial endotoxin in human bile raised along with severeness of biliary tract infection CONCLUSION:Detection of bacterial endotoxin in bile using chromogenic technique is of help to the clinical judgement of the severeness of biliary tract infection

Abstract: With the development of molecular biology, non-coding sRNA has been found to play an important regulatory role in gene expression and protein activity, affecting various biological pathways including mosquito resistance against insecticides. Understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of drug resistance is essential for controlling mosquitoes, , of which metabolic resistance being the most critical mechanism, mainly referring to the high expression of metabolic detoxification enzyme-related genes (especially the cytochrome P450 enzyme system) in mosquitoes. On the basis of verification of insecticide resistance-related genes, further research on the correlation between sRNA and mosquito resistance-related genes provides new ideas and directions for further exploring the mechanism of mosquito resistance. The study of mosquito metabolic resistance mechanism is of great significance for the control of vector mosquitoes, drug resistance monitoring and novel insecticide development. This article reviews the progress of research on the resistance genes, sRNAs biosynthesis, genes involved in regulating mosquito metabolic detoxification enzymes and their applications.

Public health education is the core and foundation of the development of public health.Therefore,it is an urgent problem to explore the effective ways to improve public health education and to enhance the service abilities of public health,which meets the needs of development of modern public health.On the basis of analyzing the present situation of public health education in our country,this paper discusses the necessity of introducing the concept of integrated medicine in public health education,and then puts forward the corresponding settlement measures to solve the specific problems by utilizing the concept,thinking and method of integrated medicine,which aim to provide a certain theoretical basis for cultivating high-quality public health talents and accelerating the development of public health disciplines in China.

To investigate the role of immediate-early gene c-fos in sodium selenite-induced apoptosis and its position in a possible cascade of apoptogenic genes, we compared the time-courses of expression for 5 related genes, including c-fos, during the apop- tosis induced by sodium selenite with or without blockage of c-fos expression by adding c-fos antisense oligodeoxynucleotide ( ASO) in cultured cortical neurons. The results showed that: (1) in control experiments without c-fos ASO adding, 0. 5 μmol/ L sodium selenite-induced apoptosis as revealed by electrophoretic and flow cytometric examinations; at the same time, sodium selenite also induced down-regulation of bcl-2 mRNA expression and up-regulations of mRNAs related to bax, c-fos, p53, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) genes; (2) in similar experimental conditions with c-fos ASO cotreatment, the sodium selenite-in- duced apoptosis was blocked with the up-regulation of p53 expression still emerging as before, while the changes in expressions of bcl-2, bax, AChE genes were reversed at the same time. The results suggest that c-fos ASO could play a protective role upon cortical neurons from suffering apoptosis induced by sodium selenite, and there might exist a cascade of gene expressions with p53 and c-fos genes being regulated upstream and then bcl-2, bax, and AChE genes being regulated downstream.

Objective To investigate the effect of applying specialist nursing assessment indicator system on improving nurse′s health assessment ability in orthopedic department. Methods A specialist nursing assessment indicator system was developed by applying evaluation indicators of nursing care quality. That assessment indicator system consisted of 9 sub-indicators. They were assessments on local blood circulation, sensation and motion, muscle strength, pain, risk of developing pressure ulcer, risk of falling down and assessment on anal sphincter function, etc. In addition, standard assessment process was developed and applied to train 54 nurses in orthopedic department, in order to standardize and improve their ability on specialist nursing assessment. Furthermore, the assessment process was transferred into specific nursing interventions to improve nurse′s health assessment ability, too. The accurate rate on those 9 indicated assessments were evaluated and analyzed regularly, pre and post the indicator system application. In the present study, each of the 54 nurses was required to assess five patients basing on the items in the assessment indicator system. The total assessment times were 270. Results After applying the indicator system, the accurate rates of assessments on local blood circulation, sensation and motion, muscle strength, pain, risk of developing pressure ulcer, anal sphincter function and assessment on developing deep venous thrombosis were 98.89% (267/270), 99.63% (269/270), 99.26% (268/270), 97.41% (263/270), 98.15% (265/270), 91.85% (248/270), 98.15% (265/270), which were higher than 95.19%(257/270), 92.96%(251/270), 96.30%(260/270), 90.37%(244/270), 92.22%(249/270), 85.56%(231/270), 92.22%(249/270) of the time when the system was not used, and the difference was significant (χ2=5.34-16.82, P < 0.05). However, the accurate rates on assessing risk of falling down and assessing ADL were not significant different, comparing to the results before applying the indicator system (χ2=0.34, 0.41, P>0.05). Conclusions Applying the specialist nursing assessment indicator system was able to standardize nursing assessment behavior and improve nurse′s assessment ability. In addition, it was beneficial to improve the quality of specialist nursing care in orthopedic department.

Objective To investigate the extraction method of total flavonoids from the leaves of ficus lacor and the protec tive effects of extraction on the cellular damage to provide a basis for the research on the phamaceutical value of ficus lacor leaves.Methods The ethanol extraction method was adopted to extract the total flavonoids in the leaves of ficus lacor and the extraction efficiency was calculated with rutin as the standard.The rotenone induced human lung adenocarcinoma cellular damage served as the model,then the influencesof the extraction on the cellular viability,cellular morphology,production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were researched.Results The extraction efficiency of total flavonoids in the leaves of ficus lacor by 60％ ethanol was 5.02％;the extraction at the concentration of 32 mg/L could significantly inhibit the decrease of cell viability,cellular shape change,ROS production and apoptosis of A549 cells induced by 100μg/L rotenone.Conclusion The ethanol extraction method can be used to extract the total flavonoids in the leaves of ficus lacor and the extraction has the protective effects on the A549 cellular dam age induced by rotenone,the leaves of ficus lacor have the potential for further researching its pharmaceutical value.

AIM: A new HPLC-MS method was developed to determine finasteride in human plasma. METHODS: Two formulations of finasteride tablets were given to 20 healthy male volunteers according to a randomized 2-way cross-over design. The samples were extracted by ethyl acetate under basic conditions, then were separated by C18 column and determined by mass detector. RESULTS: The calibration curve of finasteride was linear and intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 10 %. The pharmacokinetics parameters of the two formulations (4.5 ± 0.5) h for t1/2; (3.0 ± 0.7) and (2.8 ± 0.9) h for tmax, respectively. The results indicated that there was no significant difference on cmax, A UC0-24, t1/2 or tmax values between the two formulations. CONCLUTION: The relative bioavailability of tablets I with respect to tablets Ⅱ is (99.3 ± 9.2) % by the A UC0-24 measurement, and bioe quivalence is observed between the two tablets.

ObjectiveTo conduct a molecular epidemiological study on human metapneumovirus (hMPV) among pediatric patients in Guangzhou. MethodsA total of 1 840 clinical specimens were obtained from pediatric patients with respiratory infections in Guangzhou Women and Children' s Medical Center in 2010.hMPV was detected by real-time TaqMan RT-PCR in clinical specimens.F gene was amplified and the PCR-products were directly sequenced. ResultsIn 1 840 clinical specimens, 66 werehMPV-positive with a positive rate of 3.59％. hMPV was detected in all specimens except those collected in September and October, and the highest positive hMPV rate occurred in April (6.09％). The F genes of 3 randomly selected strains and hMPVgz01 ( isolated in 2008) were compared with subgroups A1, A2, B1,B2 and C, and the highest homology was with BJ1887 strain of genotype A2b (97％). The F genes of the randomly selected strains and hMPVgz01 were 99％ identical to each other. Sequences and phylogenetics analysis revealed that the epidemical strain in Guangzhou belonged to genotype A2b. ConclusionhMPV is prevalent in spring and summer among children in Guangzhou, and A2b is the predominant genotype.

Objective: To investigate the mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between family intimacy and adaptability and experiential avoidance among undergraduate nursing students (hereafter referred as nursing undergraduates). Methods: A total of 725 nursing undergraduates from six colleges in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using convenience sampling method. The Acceptance Action Questionnaire-2nd Edition, Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale and Family Intimacy and Adaptability Scale were used to evaluate the experiential avoidance, psychological resilience, and family intimacy and adaptability, respectively. Results: The mean scores of experiential avoidance, psychological resilience and family intimacy and adaptability among nursing undergraduates were (23.4±7.7), (58.8±8.9) and (99.7±20.3), respectively. The results of the mediation analysis indicated that the total effect of family intimacy and adaptability on experiential avoidance was -0.16 (P<0.01), with a direct effect of -0.05 (P>0.05). Psychological resilience played a significant mediating role in the relationship between family intimacy and adaptability and experiential avoidance among nursing undergraduates (P<0.01). The standardized mediation effect was -0.11, accounting for 68.8% of the total effect. Conclusion: Resilience plays a mediating role between family intimacy and adaptability and experiential avoidance among nursing undergraduates.