AIM: To discover specific neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation-promoting factor, which will contribute to study on development of nervous system and treatment of nervous system diseases. METHODS: The extracts of forebrain, midbrain,afterbrain and cerebellum of neonatal mice were prepared, and the NSCs of newborn mice were cultured in vitro. Neurospheres were observed, immunocytochemical staining of characteristic protein, nestin, and MTT assay were performed to identify NSCs and their proliferative properties. RESULTS: A great deal of neurospheres were formed in the presence of the extracts of afterbrain and cerebellum, which were positive for characteristic protein (Nestin) of NSC showed by immunocytochemical staining. CONCLUSION: The afterbrain and cerebellum extracts can increase the total number of NSCs isolated from newborn mice in vitro in a dose-dependent manner.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of the union between marrow smear and marrow biopsy in the myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) diagnosis. Methods Bone marrow aspirate and smear were initially abtained, then bone tissues encircled drill and section at the same point which is called as. easy one-step technology to 86 MDS patients were analysed. Results In 86 cases of MDS patients, there were 30 cases of hyperplasia extreme degree of reduction by 34.88 %, 56 eases of active, obvious and extremely active active (65.12 %), 43 cases for red RCMD (50.00 %), 32 cases for the granulocyte dysplasia (37.21%), 22 cases for megakaryocyte RCMD (25.58 %) in bone marrow aspiration smears; compared with 15 cases of hyperplasia extreme degree of reduction and the reduction (17.44 %), 71 eases of active, obviously active and extremely active (82.56 %); 16 cases for red RCMD (18.61%), 52 cases for the granulocyte dysplasia (60.47 %), 56 cases for megakaryocyte RCMD (65.12 %) in bone marrow biopsy sections. 66 cases in 86 cases of bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow smear of WHO classification were in line with the rate of 76.74 %.Conclusion The biopsy slide and the puncture smear synchronization observation is more advantageous than the conventional puncture smear morphology observation and combining two method may increase the accuracy in the MDS diagnosis.

Objective To compare the function and influence of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and T tube cholangiography before pulling out T tube after biliary tract surgery. Methods Clinical data from 248 patients with T tube drainage after biliary tract surgery bewteen January 2009 and June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, the T tube cholangiography group was 195 cases, and MRCP group was 53 cases.Analyzed the function, the toxic side reaction and effect of prolonged hospitalization time of T tube cholangiography group and MRCP group,and discussed the diagnostic effect of MRCP before pulling out T tube after biliary tract surgery.Results Two groups of patients got distinct and integrated image of the bile ducts all.Compared with T tube cholangiography group, all 53 cases patients of MRCP group got accurate of diagnosis results, no fake positive results and adverse reaction occurred, and no prolonged hospitalization. Conclusion MRCP can replace T tube cholangiography as a means of diagnosis before removal of T tube.

Objective To explore the effects of aging on NO cGMP pathway and sexual hormone in penile tissue of different age rats. Methods The nitric oxide(NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP) contents, nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activity in penile tissue and testosterone(T) and luteinizing hormone(LH) contents in blood of rats of different ages(2, 8, 16 and 24 months) were detected. Results With age increasing, ① The NO content of penile tissue firstly rose(8 months, the highest ) then dropped (24 months, the lowest), being the same as the variation of NOS( P

，and 17.47%.Conclusions Xylitol can lower the blood glucose a littte but without significant difference.It has little effect on blood glucose variability of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and can be safely used for rehydration.

Objective To study the expression and significance of multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) in children with refractory epilepsy (RE). Methods Children with RE (n = 30), non-RE (n = 30) and healthy children (n=30) were collected. The expression of MDR1-mRNA in peripheral blood was analyzed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The relationship of MDRI-mRNA with epileptic frequency and numbers of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were observed. Results The expression of MDR1 in RE group obviously increased when compared with that of non-RE group and healthy group (P < 0.01, P < 0.01) ; MDR1 expression was more among patients with high frequent epilepsy than patients with low frequent epilepsy (P < 0.01) ; more in patients administered with four kinds of AEDs than those with two or three kinds of AEDs (P < 0.01). Concinsions MDR1 overexpression in blood of children with RE may be linked to drug-resistant mechanism of RE. It might be used as a clinical indicator of RE.

Objective To discuss the prevention and management method for chylous fistula after neck lymph node dissec‐tion .Methods Totally 1 793 cases of neck lymph node dissection in this department from January 2005 to September 2014 were retrospectively analyzed .The clinical data in the cases of chylous fistula occurred after operation were summarized .Results Twenty one cases of chylous fistula occurred ,accounting for 1 .17% ,in which 13 cases were cured by the local compressed bandaging and continuous negative pressure drainage;5 cases adopted the conventional method for 2-3 d ,but under the ineffective condition ,then they were treated by combining with somatostatin pumping (somatostatin 6 mg+0 .9% normal saline 48 mL ,2 mL/h ,lasting for 24 h ,for successive 2-3 d) and finally cured;3 cases were cured after reoperation .Conclusion Prevention is the best treatment for chylous fistulas ,local compression bandage plus continuous negative pressure drainage is the main method for treatment of chylous fistulas after neck dissection .The combined therapy with somatostatin can increase the close rate of chylous fistulas;for the patients with long persistent time ,large drainage volume and invalid conservative therapy should adopt the remedial measure of operation .

BACKGROUND: The graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the main reason for allogeneic hematopeic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) failure, and oral tolerization is a newly developed treating method.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the inhibition effect of acute GVHD induced by feeding donors with recipient splenocytes orally before allo-HSCT in a murine model and to compare the immune tolerance with immunosupression agents currently used in clinical treatment.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized grouping design of contrast observation was performed at the Center Laboratory of School of Medicine, Southeast University in December 2008.MATERIALS: The male C57BL/6J(H-2~b) mice were served as donors, and the female (BALB/C) mice (H-2~d) were served as recipients.METHODS: The mice were prepared allo-HSCT/GVHD models, and divided into 5 groups, which received prevent scheme. ①Oral tolerization group: C57BL/6J mice were fed with BALB/C (H-2~d) splenocytes before the transplantation, with dose of 10 μg per time, 1 day interval, for 3 times. ②Rapamycin group: mice were intragastric administrated rapamycin from the 1st after transplantation with dose of 1.5 mg/(kg·d). ③Ciclosporin A+ methotrexate group: mice were intragastric administrated ciclosporin A with 1.5 mg/(kg·d), increased to 5 mg/(kg·d) when mice were recovered the gastrointestinal function, and received intragastric administrated 0.4 mg/(kg·d) methotrexate at days 1, 3, 6 and 11 after transplantation. ④Blank control group: no medication after transplantation. ⑤Irradiation group: mice were received no transplantation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence of GVHD after allo-HSCT, and the difference of immune tolerance index.RESULTS: Typical GVHD symptoms occurred in all mice after transplantation. In the blank control group, most mice dead at days 14-18 and the mortality was nearly 100%. Compared to the blank control group, the symptoms were significantly ameliorated and the median survival times were extended in the other 3 transplantation groups (P < 0.05). The pathological structures in liver, intestine and skin tissue in the oral tolerization group were significantly decreased. Flow cytometry assay showed that oral tolerization significantly increased the CD4~+/CD8~+ lymphocyte ratio and the percentage of the CD4~+CD25~+ cells.Oral tolerization also induced the decrease of GVHD-related cytokine level. The MTT results also showed that the immunologic tolerance in the oral tolerization group was significantly enhanced and the proliferation of lymphocyte was suppressed.CONCLUSION: Oral tolerization has obviously inhibitory effect towards GVHD after allo-HSCT, its exact mechanism may be due to the suppressing the proliferation of lymphocyte and increase the immunologic tolerance in recipients. Compared to the widely used immunosuppressive drugs, oral tolerization exhibits strong ability in ameliorating GVHD.

AIM: To discuss the tongxinluo supermicropowder's interventional effect on aorta endodermis of rabbits which are fed with fatty forage plants.METHODS: Thirty-two healthy male New Zealand rabbits were divided into 4 groups randomly: control group,model group,atorvastatin treatment group,and tongxinluo treatment group.The control group was fed with common feedstuff,and all the other groups were fed with fatty feedstuff.The atorvastatin treatment group and the tongxinluo treatment group were given suspension of atorvastatin(3 g?kg-1?d-1) and tongxinluo supermicropowder(0.31 g?kg-1?d-1) by intragastric administration on the basis of fatty feedstuff.All the groups were fed with medicine for 6 weeks.At the end of 6 weeks,blood lipid levels were observed by enzymic method,the levels of blood serum NO and MDA and the activity of SOD were observed by chromatometry,the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-?B),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) was detected,and VCAM-1mRNA expression in the aortic tissue was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).RESULTS: The levels of blood serum TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,and MDA were increased significantly compared with the control group(P

Objective To investigate the primary repair methods and efficacy of island pedicled pectoralis major muscle flap in soft tissue defect after the operation of head and neck malignant tumors .Methods From April 2011 to September 2012 ,27 patients from this hospital who underwent primary repair using island pedicled pectoralis major muscle flap after a head and neck extensive soft tissue defect were investigated ,including 11 cases of tongue cancer defect ,2 cases of parotid gland defect ,3 cases of gum cancer defect ,2 cases of oropharyngeal cancer defect ,9 cases of floor of the mouth cancer defect .Results 27 patients were safety in periop-erative ,27 cases of island pectoralis major muscle flap survived ,patients were satisfied with both the appearance and function .There was postoperative neck hematoma in 1 patient ,it was eliminated through timely remove the hematoma and hemostasis completely ;There was 1 case of removing the epidermal necrolysis skin as flap necrosis ,while it was acceptable efficacy as the muscle flap sur-vival and surface granulation repaired .Conclusion Island pectoralis major muscle flap obtains unique advantages in repairing a large area of soft tissue defect in head and neck cancer patients after operation ,such as abundant of tissue ,a constant arterial anatomy of thoracoacromial ,easy to operate ,rich blood supply ,strong resistance to infection ,high survival rate and so on .A fine surgery opera-tion is the key of island pectoralis major muscle flap survival .