Based on advancements in modern medical research regarding the intricate connection between the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas， as well as the relationship between pancreatic functions and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） spleen system， this paper discussed the categorization of the pancreas. It is proposed that the pancreas is neither a true zang organ nor a fu organ， but possessed the attributes of an extraordinary fu-organ and can be classified under the spleen. The spleen governs transportation and transformation， ascent of the clear and dispersion of essence， which encompasses the endocrine and exocrine functions， and pancreatic enzymes and glucose-regulating hormones form the material basis for the spleen's function of dispersing essence. Diseases of the pancreas exhibit characteristics of both zang-organ deficiency and fu-organ excess， so treatment should simultaneously supplement zang-organ disease and regulate fu-organ disease when pancreas showing endocrine and exocrine co-morbidities， with focus on restoring the pancreas （spleen）'s dispersing essence function. Therapeutic strategies include supplementing spleen qi， nourishing spleen yin to strengthen spleen earth， unblocking spleen collaterals， raising spleen yang， and removing spleen turbidity to support the spleen's dispersing essence function， so as to replenish the essential qi of zang-fu organs， ensure their distribution throughout the body， and improve the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of astragalin （AST） on autophagy and apoptosis of astrocytes in the L_4-5 dorsal horn of the spinal cord in mice with inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant （CFA）. MethodsTwenty-four male C57BL/6 mice， aged six months， were randomly assigned to four groups： control group， saline group， CFA model group， and CFA+AST group， six mice in each group. The inflammatory pain model was established by injection of 10 µL CFA into the right lateral malleolus fossa. The saline group were injected with an equal amount of normal saline at the same site. The inflammatory pain mice in CFA+AST group were further treated with AST （60 mg/kg） intraperitoneally once a day for 21 consecutive days. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the coexpression of autophagy-related factors including ATG 12 and Beclin-1， apoptosis-related factors including Cleaved-Caspase3 and Caspase9， and the astrocyte marker such as GFAP in the L_4-5 spinal dorsal horn of the mice in each group. Western blot was used to examine the protein expression levels of autophagy-related proteins（ATG12， Beclin-1） and apoptosis-related proteins（Caspase 3， Caspase 9） in the L_4-5 spinal dorsal horn of mice. ResultsImmunofluorescent staining showed that in the L_4-5 dorsal horn of the spinal cord， the fluorescence intensity of ATG12 （P<0.000 1） and Beclin-1 （P<0.000 1） was significantly increased， while that of Cleaved-Caspase 3 （P<0.001） and Caspase 9 （P<0.000 1） was decreased in the CFA+AST group when compared to the CFA model group. Furthermore， AST could inhibit the activation of astrocytes. Western blot further confirmed that AST significantly upregulated the expression of ATG12 （P<0.000 1） and Beclin-1 （P<0.000 1） in the L_4-5 spinal cord of CFA mice， and downregulated the expression of Caspase 3 （P<0.01） and Caspase 9 （P<0.001）. ConclusionsAST promotes autophagy of astrocytes and inhibits their apoptosis in the L_4-5 spinal dorsal horn of CFA mice.

Objective: To explore the network structure of eating behaviors with anxiety, depression and perceived stress in adolescents, so as to provide a basis for effective prevention and intervention of eating behavior problems and negative emotions in adolescents. Methods: Based on the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (2021) database, the study was conducted among 3 087 adolescents. Sakata Eating Behavior Scale Short From(EBS-SF) was used to investigate their eating behaviors. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 Item(GAD-7), and Perceived Stress Questionnaire-3 Item (PSQ-3) were used to evaluate their depression, anxiety and perceived stress. Network analysis method was applied to construct a network of eating behaviors and negative emotional symptoms among adolescents, so as to evaluate the centrality, bridge strength, stability and accuracy of each item. Results: The total scores of eating behaviors, depression,anxiety and stress perception in adolescents were 17.41±4.53,6.95±6.08,4.86±5.03,9.34±3.80,respectively. The symptom with the highest intensity and expected impact was "I am only satisfied when I buy more food than I need", with a node intensity and expected impact value of 4.37. The nodes Depression and Anxiety were the most closely connected(weight=0.87). There were no statistically significant differences in the network structure( M =0.13,0.11) and network connection strength(female and male:4.16,4.06, s =0.10;urban and rural areas:4.08,4.07, s =0.01) between different sexes and residents ( P >0.05). Conclusion The negative impact of comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, perceived stress and eating behaviors among adolescents can be reduced through targeted prevention and intervention of core symptoms and bridging symptoms.

Objective: To analyze the trends, gender, and age differences in the incidence of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population from 1990 to 2021 and predict future incidence trends, providing a scientific basis for disease prevention and public health policy. Methods: Incidence data of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed. The Joinpoint regression model was used to assess temporal trends, the age-period-cohort model was used to evaluate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort, and the Bayesian age-period-cohort model (BAPC) model was used to predict incidence trends from 2022 to 2044. Results: From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population increased from 2.39/100 000 to 3.76/100 000, and the crude incidence rate rose from 1.71/100 000 to 4.85/100 000. The incidence rate in males was higher and increased more rapidly than in females. Higher incidence rates were prevalent among older populations, a rapid increase in incidence rates occurred during 2003 to 2012, and earlier birth cohorts showed overall higher risks. BAPC predictions indicated a continued rise in incidence from 2022 to 2044. During this period, male incidence stabilized while female incidence increased at a relatively faster rate. Conclusion The incidence of lip and oral cavity cancer in Chinese population has revealed a continuous upward trend, particularly among males and older populations. Future prevention strategies should focus on these high-risk populations.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological trends and characteristics of brucellosis in humans (hereinafter referred to as brucellosis) in Tangshan City, Hebei Province from 2016 to 2023, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating brucellosis prevention and control strategies in the region. MethodsThe incidence data of human brucellosis in Tangshan City from 2016 to 2023 were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The diagnosis time, infection route, and clinical characteristics of the cases were obtained from the case investigation reports. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, spatial, demographic distributions, and clinical characteristics of human brucellosis. Brucella species were identified using agglutination tests with bacterial suspension and A/M antigen-positive serum. ResultsA total of 2 193 cases of human brucellosis were confirmed and clinically diagnosed in Tangshan City from 2016 to 2023, with the peak incidence occured from March to August, and which exhibited distinct geographic distribution patterns. The highest incidence rate was found in people aged 60‒<70 years. The occupation of cases were primarily farmers. The incidence rate in males (528/100 000) was higher than that in females (184/100 000). All cases had confirmed exposure to infected animals or contaminated animal products. ConclusionThe epidemic of human brucellosis in Tangshan exhibited an overall steady downward trend from 2016 to 2023, except for a slight increase in 2016 and 2021, with the incidence rate controlled at 289/100 000‒335/100 000. The prevention and control situation of human brucellosis still remains severe, with the highest incidence rate in the eastern region of Tangshan, which are characterized by the breeding, slaughtering, and processing of cattle and sheep. Therefore, it it is necessary to enhance the prevention and control of human brucellosis among the personnel engaged in these industries in the eastern areas.

Objective:To investigate the computed tomography (CT)-based integrated deep learning model for qualitative and quantitative classification of hepatic portal vein.Methods:The retrospective study was conducted. The CT imaging data of 291 patients undergoing upper-abdomen enhanced CT examination in the Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital of Tsinghua University from October 2017 to January 2019 were collected. There were 195 males and 96 females, aged (51±12)years. The hepatic portal vein was reconstructed using the three-dimensional reconstruction system. Three-dimensional point cloud was input to the encoder model to obtain the three-dimen-sional reconstructed vectorized representation, which was used for qualitative classification and quantitative representation classification. Measurement data with normal distribution were repre-sented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the paired t test. Count data were repre-sented as percentages or absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the paired chi-square test. Results:(1) Three-dimensional reconstruction of portal vein and anatomical classification. Three-dimensional structure was reconstructed in the 291 patients. Classification of main hepatic portal vein showed 211 cases of Akgul type A, 29 cases of Akgul type B, 16 cases of Akgul type C, 10 cases of Akgul type D, and 25 cases of unclassifiable. (2) Prediction of qualitative classification of main hepatic portal vein. Of the 291 patient samples, 25 unclassifiable or poor quality samples were excluded, 266 samples were used for automated qualitative classification of the main portal vein by machine model. There were 211 cases of Akgul type A, 29 cases of Akgul type B, 26 cases of Akgul type C&D. The Macro-F1 of 266 patients was 61.93%±40.50% and the accuracy was 84.99%, versus 32.38%±19.81% and 61.65% of Random classifier, showing significant differ-ences between them ( t=7.85, χ2=62.89, P<0.05). (3) Quantitative representation of portal vein classification. The probabilities of quantitative classification for Akgul qualitative classification of similar samples included P@1 as 73%±45%, P@3 as 70%±37%, P@5 as 69%±35%, P@10 as 67%± 32%, mean reciprocal rank(MRR) as 80%±34%, versus 57%±50%, 58%±35%, 58%±32%, 58%± 30%, 70%±37% of the baseline model, showing significant differences between the two analytical methods ( t=5.22, 5.11, 5.00, 4.99, 3.47, P<0.05). Conclusion:The automated classification model for the hepatic portal vein structure was constructed using CT-based three-dimensional reconstruc-tion and deep learning technology, which can achieve automatic qualitative classification and quanti-tatively describe the hepatic portal vein structure.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of personalized pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative di-abetic retinopathy(PDR).Methods In this retrospective case study,76 patients(86 eyes)diagnosed with PDR and re-ceiving PPV in the Department of Ophthalmology of Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,from October 2019 to November 2022,were divided into the observation group(40 patients,46 eyes)and the control group(36 patients,40 eyes).Patients in the obseration group were treated with personalized PPV,while patients in the control group were treated with conventional PPV,After treatment,all patients were followed up for 12 months.The operation time,intraoperative use of heavy water and silicone oil,incidence of iatrogenic retinal tears and heavy water resi-dues,proportion of scleral buckling,preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and intraocular pressure(IOP),retinal reattachment rate at 12 months after surgery,and the incidence of post-vitrectomy vitreous hemor-rhage(PVH),diabetic macular edema(DME)and neovascular glaucoma(NVG)were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time of patients in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Intraoperative use of heavy water and silicone oil in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(both P＜0.05).The incidence of iatrogenic retinal tears and heavy water residues and the proportion of scleral buckling showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups(all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in BCVA preoperatively,3,6 and 12 months postoperatively(all P＞0.05).BCVA in the observa-tion group was better than that in the control group at 1 day,1 week and 1 month after surgery(all P＜0.05).Compared with the preoperative value,BCVA increased in the observation group at 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery(all P＜0.05);in the control group,BCVA increased slightly at 1 day and 1 week(both P＞0.05)and then increased significantly at 1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery(all P＜0.05).The two groups showed no statistically significant difference in IOP at 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months postoperatively(all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the retinal reattachment rate and the inci-dence of complications such as PVH,DME,and NVG between the two groups at 12 months postoperatively(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Personalized PPV can shorten the operation time,reduce the intraoperative use of heavy water and silicone oil,enhance the efficiency of the operation,and rapidly improve the visual acuity of PDR patients.

Anger is a negative emotion that can have many effects on the body.The brain regions associated with the production of anger are mainly related to the central gray matter,amygdala,and hypothalamus.There has recently been a gradual increase in research into relevant animal models and the mechanisms of anger.Most studies of anger models have focused on the mid-suture dorsal nucleus,hypothalamus,and hippocampal regions,and related neurotransmitter studies have mainly been related to GABA expression and monoamine neurotransmitter content.This review summarizes the neural mechanisms of anger in the brain based on animal models related to anger,with the aim of providing a reference for the study of angry emotions.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory and immune reactive disease induced by the subgingival biofilm.The therapeutic effect for susceptible patients is often unsatisfactory due to excessive inflammatory response and oxidative stress.Sinensetin(Sin)is a nature polymethoxylated flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.Our study aimed to explore the beneficial effect of Sin on periodontitis and the specific molecular mechanisms.We found that Sin attenuated oxidative stress and inflammatory levels of periodontal ligament cells(PDLCs)under inflammatory conditions.Administered Sin to rats with ligation-induced periodontitis models exhibited a protective effect against periodontitis in vivo.By molecular docking,we identified Bach1 as a strong binding target of Sin,and this binding was further verified by cellular thermal displacement assay and immunofluorescence assays.Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction results also revealed that Sin obstructed the binding of Bach1 to the HMOX1 promoter,subsequently upregulating the expression of the key antioxidant factor HO-1.Further functional experiments with Bach1 knocked down and overexpressed verified Bach1 as a key target for Sin to exert its antioxidant effects.Additionally,we demonstrated that Sin prompted the reduction of Bach1 by potentiating the ubiquitination degradation of Bach1,thereby inducing HO-1 expression and inhibiting oxidative stress.Overall,Sin could be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of periodontitis by targeting binding to Bach1.