To explore an appropriate treatment for patients with upper ureteral stone (＞ 15 mm in size) by comparing the therapeutic outcomes for those undergoing retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy (RPUL) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).A total of 62 patients with large upper ureteral stone were divided randomly into 2 groups.RPUL was performed in group A (n =30) and PCNL in group B (n =32).No significant inter-group difference existed in age,gender,stone location and size,operative duration or surgical success rate (P ＞ 0.05).Blood loss volume,rate of postoperative analgesic usage,time of hospital stay and incidence of postoperative complications in group A were significantly lower than those of group B (P ＜ 0.05).Thus RPUL offers more advantages and better efficacies.

Objective To study the imaging features regarding perineural spread of tumor along the trigeminal nerve in malignant head and neck tumors, investigate its usefulness in improving diagnostic accuracy and palnning for clinical treatment. Methods Images in 9 patients with clinical or radiological findings suggestive of perineural spread along trigeminal nerve were retrospectively studied. Results Among the 9 patients, 6 were adenoid cystic carcinoma of the hard palate (n=3), maxillary sinus (n=1), parotid gland (n=1) and buccal space (n=1), respectively. Two were nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 1 was squamous carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. Enlargement and fat effacement of greater palatine foramen and pterygopalatine fossa distant from primary diseases were seen in all the 3 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the hard palate and 1 with squamous carcinoma of maxillary sinus, furthermore, enlargement of foramen ovale and invasion of meckal cave was seen in 1 case. Erosion of infraorbital foramen and enlargement of the pterygopalatine fossa was seen in 1 patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma of maxillary sinus. Enlargement of pterygopalsatine fossa and foramen rotundum and invasion of the Meckal cave were seen in 1 patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma of buccal space. Perineural spread along auriculotemporal nerve and intracranial invasion through foramen ovale were seen in 1 patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma of parotid gland. Enhancement of mandibular nerve was seen in 2 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Conclusion Perineural tumor spread along trigeminal nerve can be seen in malignant head and neck tumors, and knowledge of the anatomy of trigeminal nerve and its surrounding structures is important for correct diagnosis.

Objective　To study the scan technique that can completely demonstrate the structures of middle-inner ear.Methods　Ninety volunteers underwent 30° axial and 105° coronal HRCT scan.The manifestations of the ministructures of middle-inner ear were observed and their demonstration rate was calculated.The demonstration of different structures of middle-inner ear was evaluated and compared on HRCT.Results　(1)The scan planes of 30° axial and 105° coronal were correspondent to some structures of middle-inner ear and could completely demonstrate them.(2)30° axial and 105° coronal HRCT scan had their own advantages respectively in demonstrating the structures of middle-inner ear.Conclusion　The technique of 30° axial and 105° coronal HRCT scan of middle-inner ear is useful in demonstrating the structures,including the nerve,joint,ligament etc and the relationship among them.

Objective To make a further recongnizing of the manifestations of diffuse axonal injury (DAI)on CT images for the early accurate clinical diagnosis.Methods The CT image data and its correlated clinic features of 56 cases with diffuse axonal injury(44 male,12 female)were analyzed retrospectively.In this series,43 cases were caused by traffic accident,13 by falling from high place.Results 1. 44 cases had haemorrhage lesions(less than 2 cm in diameter)in brain parenchyma which were at the corticomedullary junction,corpus callosum,brain stem,basal ganglia,internal capsule.2. 41 cases had subarachnoid and/or intraventricular hemorrhage 3. 9 cases had acute generalized brain swelling 4. 5 cases were associated with epidural hematoma and 16 with subdural hematoma.Conclusion CT manifestation of DAI have some featrues,and can provide reliable evidence for accurate clinic diagnosis of DAI.

Objective To investigate the CT features of the invasion of sublingual space by malignant oropharyngeal tumors in order to provide more accurate information for clinical treatment. Methods Fifty-eight cases of pathologically proven malignant oropharyngeal tumors were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results Among all the cases, invasion of sublingual space by malignant oropharyngeal tumors could be seen in 14 cases, of which, 7 cases got access to sublingual space through tongue base, 3 cases through parapharyngeal space, 2 cases through pterygomandibular raphe, 2 cases through uncertain routes. Invasion of sublingual space manifested on CT scan as obliteration of fat plane in sublingual space and involvement of the sublingual vessels in the space. Conclusion Malignant oropharyngeal tumors can invade the adjacent sublingual space via tongue base, pterygomandibular raphe, and parapharyngeal space. The invasion of sublingual space by malignant oropharyngeal tumors manifests in CT as effacement of sublingual fat plane and envelopment of hyoid artery.

To investigate CT features of palatal malignant tumors and to evaluate, CT diagnostic value. CT manifestations of 32 cases of palatal malignant tumors were analyzed retrospectively. All cases were confirmed by pathology. There were 27 males and 5 females between 23 and 80 years of age. Axial contrast enhancement CT scan was performed in all cases, among them, nonenhancement CT scan was also performed in 8 cases and coronal CT scan was performed in 2 cases. The main signs of palatal malignant tumors were as follows: (1) Masses in palate in 26 cases, thickened palatal soft tissue in 6 cases and destruction of palate bone in 8 cases. The lesions were located in soft palate in 22 cases, in hard palate in 4 cases, and in the junction region between soft and hard palate in 3 cases; (2) Other adjacent structures and organs were involved in 27 cases; (3) Lymph nodes of neck metastasis were demonstrated in 17 cases. CT is an excellent technique, which can show the gross pathologic features and the invasion pathway of palatine malignant tumors, and it can provide some important information for the relevant clinical treatment and prognosis.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Palatal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The present study was aimed to investigate the function of diffusion weight imaging (DWI) combining with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the grading of brain gliomas. 12 cases low grade and 17 cases high grade of brain gliomas patients were examined with DWI and MRS, with all tumors confirmed by pathology in advance. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, their corresponding metabolite ratios of Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA and tumor cellularities of tumor solid enhanced parts were measured. The ratios of Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA and their corresponding ADC values had significant differences between their high and low grade gliomas values, respectively. The ADC values demonstrated a negative correlation with Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, and a significant negative correlated with Cho/Cr. And the ADC values demonstrated strong negative correlations with tumor cellularities. DWI combining with MRS could provide more valuable information in evaluating gliomas grading.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Child ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Glioma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Young Adult

Objective:To assess the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/MR parameters and their changes in predicting and evaluating the curative effect in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). Methods:From June 2017 to June 2020, 13 patients (9 males, 4 females; age (52.2±13.2) years) with locally advanced rectal cancer confirmed pathologically and underwent NCRT in Chinese PLA General Hospital were retrospectively enrolled. All patients performed the first PET/MR within one month before NCRT and the second PET/MR within one month before operation. PET/MR parameters including maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max), mean standardized uptake value (SUV mean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) 2.5, total lesion glycolysis (TLG), minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC min), and their changing percentage (Δ) before and after NCRT were collected. Patients were divided into pathologically complete remission (pCR) group and non-pCR group or response group and non-response group according to the postoperative pathological results as the gold standard. Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. The cut-off values of related parameters and their diagnostic efficiencies were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results:Of 13 patients, 5 reached pCR and 8 had histological reaction (response). There were no significant differences in parameters (SUV max, SUV mean, MTV 2.5, TLG, ADC min) between different groups before treatment ( U values: 8.00-19.00, all P>0.05). There were significant differences in SUV max, SUV mean, MTV 2.5, TLG and ΔADC min between pCR group and non-pCR group after treatment ( U values: 0.00-6.00, all P<0.05), but only SUV max was correlated with pCR after treatment (odds ratio ( OR)=0.335, 95% CI: 0.123-0.917, P=0.033). The area under curve (AUC) was 0.95 and the cut-off value of SUV max was 3.055, with the sensitivity of 100%, the specificity of 80.0% and the accuracy of 92.3%. There were significant differences in SUV max, SUV mean, TLG, ADC min, ΔSUV max and ΔADC min between the response group and non-response group after treatment ( U values: 0.00-6.00, all P<0.05), but only ΔSUV max was correlated with the response results ( OR=2.022, 95% CI: 1.100-4.130, P=0.048). The AUC was 0.90 and the cut-off value of ΔSUV max was 69.0%, with the sensitivity of 87.5%, the specificity of 80.0% and the accuracy of 84.6%. Conclusions:PET/MR has high accuracy in evaluating NCRT for locally advanced rectal cancer. SUV max is an independent predictor of pCR after treatment, while ΔSUV max is an independent predictor of histological reaction (response).

Objective:To investigate the effect of 125I-RSOAds-hTERT/PSA oncolytic adenovirus on targeted therapy of prostate cancer and its effect on tumor microenvironment. Methods:125I-RSOAds-hTERT/PSA ( 125I-virus complex) oncolytic adenovirus was constructed by PCR amplification and double restriction enzyme ligation. TUNEL staining, flow cytometry and Caspase-3 immunoblotting assay were used to detect the killing effect of 125I-RSOAds-hTERT/PSA oncolytic adenovirus on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, respectively. To explore the effect of 125I-virus complex on tumor tissue cytokine secretion levels, interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the culture supernatant of human prostate cancer cell line PC3, mouse prostate adenocarcinoma cell line RM-1, and mice serum were detected by ELISA. We explored the regulation of 125I-virus complex on the expression of CD24, CD44 and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) in prostate tumor tissues and tumor cells through immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, the expression levels of CD32 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as CD4+ , CD8+ and macrophage infiltration in tumor tissue were detected through immunofluorescence experiments. Results:125I-virus complex oncolytic adenovirus significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo that was significantly higher than that of 125I group and virus complex group. Meanwhile, IL-2 ( t=-183.30, -38.20, P<0.05), IL-10 ( t=113.80, 92.71, P<0.05), TNF-α ( t=-73.20, -73.91, P<0.05), IFN-γ ( t=-65.37, -139.70, P<0.05) increased in vitro and in vivo. 125I-virus complex reduced the expression of CD24, CD44 and PSCA in tumor cells and tumor tissue, reduced the weight of tumor tissue, inhibited angiogenesis of tumor tissue ( t=8.55, P<0.05), and regulated the immune response in tumor tissue. Conclusions:125I-virus complex targeting prostate cancer can significantly kill cancer cells, reduce the weight and angiogenesis of tumor, and improve tumor microenvironment.

OBJECTIVES: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in women with reproductive age, which is associated with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and ovulatory dysfunction. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) can mediate progesterone to inhibit the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells and the growth of follicles, and to induce glucolipid metabolism disorder in ovarian granulosa cells, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of PCOS. This study aims to determine the expression of PGRMC1 in serum, ovarian tissue, ovarian granulosa cells, and follicular fluid in PCOS patients and non-PCOS patients, analyze the value of PGRMC1 in diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of PCOS, and investigate its molecular mechanism on ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis and glucolipid metabolism. METHODS: A total of 123 patients were collected from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital (hereinafter referred to as "our hospital") from August 2021 to March 2022 and divided into 3 groups: a PCOS pre-treatment group (n=42), a PCOS treatment group (n=36), and a control group (n=45). The level of PGRMC1 in serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic and prognostic value of PGRMC1 was evaluated in patients with PCOS by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Sixty patients who underwent a laparoscopic surgery from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were collected and divided into a PCOS group and a control group (n=30). The expression and distribution of PGRMC1 protein in ovarian tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Twenty-two patients were collected from Reproductive Medicine Center in our hospital from December 2020 to March 2021, and they divided into a PCOS group and a control group (n=11). ELISA was used to detect the level of PGRMC1 in follicular fluid; real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of PGRMC1 mRNA in ovarian granulosa cells. Human ovarian granular cell line KGN cells were divided into a scrambled group which was transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) without interference and a siPGRMC1 group which was transfected with specific siRNA targeting PGRMC1. The apoptotic rate of KGN cells was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of PGRMC1, insulin receptor (INSR), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) were determined by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: The serum level of PGRMC1 in the PCOS pre-treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.001), and the serum level of PGRMC1 in the PCOS treatment group was significantly lower than that in the PCOS pre-treatment group (P<0.001). The areas under curve (AUC) of PGRMC1 for the diagnosing and prognosis evaluation of PCOS were 0.923 and 0.893, respectively, and the cut-off values were 620.32 and 814.70 pg/mL, respectively. The positive staining was observed on both ovarian granulosa cells and ovarian stroma, which the staining was deepest in the ovarian granulosa cells. The average optical density of PGRMC1 in the PCOS group was significantly increased in ovarian tissue and ovarian granulosa cells than that in the control group (both P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the PGRMC1 expression levels in ovarian granulosa cells and follicular fluid in the PCOS group were significantly up-regulated (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). Compared with the scrambled group, the apoptotic rate of ovarian granulosa cells was significantly increased in the siPGRMC1 group (P<0.01), the mRNA expression levels of PGRMC1 and INSR in the siPGRMC1 group were significantly down-regulated (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively), and the mRNA expression levels of GLUT4, VLDLR and LDLR were significantly up-regulated (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum level of PGRMC1 is increased in PCOS patients, and decreased after standard treatment. PGRMC1 could be used as molecular marker for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of PCOS. PGRMC1 mainly localizes in ovarian granulosa cells and might play a key role in regulating ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis and glycolipid metabolism.
Child ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; Apoptosis ; Granulosa Cells ; Lipid Metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; Receptors, Progesterone