Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, pathologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of florid vascular proliferation (FVP) of the intestinal tract.Methods:Ten cases of FVP of the intestinal tract diagnosed from 2010 to 2020 at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were collected. The histomorphology and immunohistochemical staining were evaluated and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results:There were five males and five females, aging from 28 to 76 years (mean 51.0 years; median 50.5 years). Five cases occurred in the colon, three cases in the small intestine, and one each case in the inguinal region and cecum. Clinically, the patients mainly presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea and hematochezia. Seven of nine patients with imaging data showed associated intussusception. Microscopically, the lesion presented lobular growth of florid proliferation of small vessels extending through the bowel wall. The vascular channels were lined with bland endothelial cells with no nuclear atypia and infrequent mitoses. The overlying mucosa showed chronic ulceration. Immunohistochemically, endothelial cells of FVP were positive for CD31, CD34, ERG and Fli1, the stromal spindle cells expressed SMA, and the Ki-67 proliferation index was low (5%-30%). None of 4 patients with follow-up information had local recurrence.Conclusions:FVP is a rare benign vascular proliferation lesion which often occurs in the intestinal tract and is associated with intussusception. Accurate pathologic diagnosis of FVP requires close combination of radiological examinations. FVP is easily misdiagnosed as a true vascular tumor, especially angiosarcoma. It is necessary to better understand FVP to avoid misdiagnosis.

Grooming,as an evolutionarily conserved repetitive behavior,is common in various animals,including humans,and serves essential functions including,but not limited to,hygiene maintenance,thermoregulation,de-arousal,stress reduction,and social behaviors.In rodents,grooming involves a patterned and sequenced structure,known as the syntactic chain with four phases that comprise repeated stereotyped movements happening in a cephalocaudal progression style,beginning from the nose to the face,to the head,and finally ending with body licking.The context-dependent occurrence of grooming behavior indicates its adaptive significance.This review briefly summarizes the neural substrates responsible for rodent grooming behavior and explores its relevance in rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases with aberrant grooming phenotypes.We further emphasize the utility of rodent grooming as a reliable measure of repetitive behavior in neuropsychiatric models,holding promise for translational psychiatry.Herein,we mainly focus on rodent self-grooming.Allogrooming(grooming being applied on one animal by its conspecifics via licking or carefully nibbling)and heterogrooming(a form of grooming behavior directing towards another animal,which occurs in other contexts,such as maternal,sexual,aggressive,or social behaviors)are not covered due to space constraints.

Objective To explore the possible causes of CAST/EiJ mouse susceptibility to multiple pathogens,the immune cell phenotypes in the peripheral blood and spleen of CAST/EiJ mice were analyzed to clarify their composition.Methods Classical dendritic cells(cDCs),natural killer(NK)cells,B lymphocytes,T lymphocytes,and their subsets in the peripheral blood and spleen of CAST/EiJ mice and C57BL/6J mice were detected by flow cytometry using the cell surface markers CD3,CD4,CD8,CD11b,CD11c,CD19,CD27,CD49b,and TCRβ.Results There was no significant difference in the proportion of cDCs between CAST/EiJ and C57BL/6J mice,but the cDC1 cell subset population was smaller in CAST/EiJ.The proportions of NK cells(mainly mature NK cell subsets)and T lymphocytes(mainly CD8+T cells)were both lower in CAST/EiJ mice than C57BL/6J mice,while the proportion of B cells was higher in CAST/EiJ mice than C57BL/6J mice.Conclusions The proportions of NK and T lymphocytes in CAST/EiJ mice were lower than those in C57BL/6J mice.