This report overviewed the national endemic status of schistosomiasis in China in 2008. During the whole year of 2008, a total of 412 927 cases of schistosomiasis were estimated and 57 acute cases were reported, among which one acute case infected with Schistosoma mansoni was imported from overseas. The reduction rates of total cases and acute cases were 19.97% and 32.53% when comparing to those in 2007, respectively. A total of 21 222 advanced cases were treated in 2008 with an increase rate of 15.04% comparing with that in 2007. About 372 263. 11 hm~2 of areas infested with Oncomelania snails were found in 2008, and about 1 197. 89 hm~2 newly detected areas were found in non-infested areas with Oncomelania snails, in historical records. There were 1 468 669 head of the cattle with its infection rate of 1.34% in schistosomiasis transmission regions, with reduction rates of 1. 86% and 36.79% , respectively, comparing to those in 2007. However, cattle were still remaining as the main infectious source for the transmission of schistosomiasis. Six provinces including Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, and Yunnan reached the national criteria of infection control. Sichuan Province reached the national criteria of transmission control. The country achieved the mid-term goal of schistosomiasis control written in the document ofOutline of mid- and long-term national programme on control and prevention of schistosomiasis (2004 -2015).

Objective To determine serum vascular endothelial growth factor (s-VEGF) and serum endostatin (s-endostatin) levels in patients with colorectal cancer after preoperative regional intraarterial chemotherapy (PRAC). Methods Peripheral venous blood was sampled preoperatively and postoperatively, and was assayed for VEGF and endostatin by ELISA. Results Patients' preoperative level of s-VEGF and s-endostatin elevated significantly, which was in close correlation with Dukes' stage. The level of s-VEGF and s-endostatin before chemotherapy elevated significantly compared with that on day 7 after chemotherapy and on postoperational day 1 and 14 after operation. In patients undergoing palliative resection, only the level of s-endostatin before chemotherapy was significantly higher than that on day 1 after operation. Conclusions PRAC, inhibiting angiogenesis, is of antitumor effect, the decrease of s-endostatin after chemotherapy may suggest the combination of chemotherapy and antiangiogenesis for a better antitumor effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of a novel standardized training program on the satisfaction and training quality of general practitioners (GPs). Methods 114 GPs trained in Wuxi People's Hospital between 2009 and 2013 were included, 52 GPs and 62 GPs were trained before and after the reform respectively. The measures of teaching reform included improvements in curriculum provision, theory teaching, learning modality and skills training. The evaluation indexes of satisfaction questionnaire and examination were confirmed by literature method and small-group discussion. Self-report satisfaction ques-tionnaire were distributed to graduate GPs and valid questionnaires were collected, while the results of entrance examination and graduation examination of GPs were recorded before and after the teaching reform. The research data were analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS 16.0 software. Results The basic characteristics of GPs and results of entrance examination before and after the teaching reform were compa-rable (P>0.05), however, GPs' satisfaction with curriculum, theoretical education, study form and skill training were increased significantly after teaching reform (P<0.05). Besides that,the results of graduation examination of GPs after the teaching reform, both the theory and skill examination, were improved signifi-cantly (P<0.05). Conclusion The study showed that GPs satisfaction with training modality and the results of graduation examination were improved greatly through our innovative teaching reform.

Objective To understand the status of knowledge and attitude of schistosomiasis control among the human populafion in schistosomiasis transmission-controlled area of Changqiu mountainous areas.Methods The subjects were selected by the random cluster sampling method among residents and students in these alias,then they were investigated by questionnaire.Resuits A total of 150 residents and 209 students were selected.There were 60% of the residents whose awareness rates of the knowledge on schistosomiasis control were above 90%.The correction rates of the questions in residents were between 99.30% and 100%.and the awareness rates about the questionswhether re-infection would occure after schistosomiasis was cured and the remedy for schistosomiasisof female adults were both 75.40%.The correction rates of the two question8 on attitude and behaviour of schistosomiasis control in adults were above 80.00%.In students'questionnaires.the awareness rates of knowledge on schistosomiasis control were above 90%.except the two questions on the shape of the snailand the infection-risk months of schistosomiasis.The correction rates of attitude and behaviour of schistosomiasis control were aslo above 80%.Conclusion The correction rates of knowledge,attitude and behaviour of schistosomiasis control of adults and students have reached the national goal of schistosomiasis control in 2008.

Objective To investigate the schistosomiasis japonica infection and preventive knowledge of immigration popula-tion in Jinshan District,Shanghai so as to provide the evidence for improving the control work. Methods The immigration popula-tion from schistosomiasis endemic provinces and local people were screened by serum IHA screening for schistosome infection, and the positives were further examined by Kato-Katz technique and the miracidium hatching method. The schistosomiasis preven-tive knowledge and behaviors were investigated by questionnaires. Results A total of 579 were investigated with 348 immigration people and 231 local people,and among them,the male accounted for 72.0%and female accounted for 28.0%. In the immigration population,the main age group was 20-29(56.0%),and 56.6%of the immigration had an education level at senior middle school or higher. The most proportion of immigration was from Anhui Province(36.2%). There were 4 IHA positive persons(1.15%)in the immigration,and 1 was positive in the stool test,and the schistosome infection rate was 0.29%. There were no positives in the local people. The schistosomiasis preventive knowledge of the immigration was generally poor,and some people’s behaviors of see doctor and medication were incorrect. Conclusion There are schistosome infected persons among the immigration population from schistosomiasis endemic provinces,and their schistosomiasis prevention knowledge was poor,thus there is a schistosomiasistransmission risk.

Objective:By reviewing and analyzing the patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine compound for the prevention and treatment of chronic complications of diabetes, this paper aims to analize the patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine compound and medication rules for the prevention and treatment of diabetes complications with data mining technology.Methods:Based on data mining technology, this paper searched for the patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine compound that could prevent and treat chronic complications of diabetes with SOOIP (Intellectual Property Big Data Center) website, and analyzed the application trends, number , categories, etc. Then IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 software was used for correlation analysis, and finally the medication and compatibility of the Chinese medicine prescriptions are summarized.Results:There were all together 307 patents, and the number of patent applications for the prevention and treatment of chronic complications of diabetes with Chinese medicines has increased before 2015. Most patents in classification belongs to A61P. China accounts for the majority of the global total applications, of which Shandong province accounts the most. The applicants are mostly individuals and enterprises. The categories commonly used in patent applications are mainly oral drug combinations; The Astragali Radix, Puerariae lobatae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the most commonly used application. The Traditional Chinese Medicine patent mostly has sweet taste, warm in property, and channel-tropism of medicine is mostly liver, as well as the liver is most associated with bitterness in taste. The commonly used couplet medicines are Puerariae lobatae Radix-Astragali Radix, Puerariae lobatae Radix-Rehmanniae Radix, Astragali Radix-Coptidis Rhizoma. Conclusion:The number of such patents applied for in China is small, and the regional development is unbalanced; Data mining technology can be used to discover the compatibility rule of Chinese patent prescription prescription for diabetes prevention and treatment, so as to provide reference for clinical optimization of prescription, improvement of curative effect and development of new drugs for treatment of diabetic complications.

OBJECTIVETo identify Oncomelania hupensis snail habitats and areas with high transmission potential by GIS/RS.

METHODSMarshland areas near high endemic villages of schistosomiasis in the Poyang Lake region were selected. Corresponding map was digitized and (Landsat 5 TM) image was corrected according to the digital map. The image in dry seasons was calculated by both normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and tasseled cap model.

RESULTSResult showed that snails spots were distributed in class 6, 7 and 8. Farther analysis of both NDVI and tasseled cap model showed that the snail habitats were mainly distributed in the areas where NDVI value was more than 110, and in tasseled cap wetness value between -10 to 3 with correction rate 94.93%.

CONCLUSIONFirst step was to use unsupervised classification to define the class 6, 7 and 8 snail habitat environment. Second step was to extract the value by NDVI model, and to define a healthy vegetation as snail suspicious habitat when NDVI value was more than 110. Then the third step was to use tasseled cap wetness model to define the areas as snail habitats which value was between -10 to 3.

Objective To investigate the relationship between cellular immune response which is related with Th1/Th2 cells and the different severities of tuberculosis pleural effusion adhesion.Methods A total of 66 in-patients diagnosed with different severities of tuberculosis pleural effusion adhesion by internal thoracoscope were enrolled from August 2014 to December 2016.ELISA was used to determine levels of INF-γ,TNF-α,IL-2 and IL-4. The ratio of Th1 and Th2 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results All the patients were divided into 3 groups:9 cases without pleural adhesion,32 cases with mild pleural adhesion,25 cases with severe pleural adhe-sion. The levels of 4 cytokines in pleural fluid were significantly higher than those in serum in each group(P <0.05,respectively).The concentrations of INF-γ and TNF-α were increased with the severity of tuberculosis pleu-ral effusion adhesion. The levels of INF-γ and TNF-α in the severe pleural adhesion group were markedly higher than those in the other two groups(P<0.05,respectively).The proportion of Th1 cells in the severe pleural adhe-sion group was significantly higher than that in the none pleural adhesion group and in the mild pleural adhesion group(P<0.05,respectively).Conclusions The proportion of Th1 cells and levels of INF-γ and TNF-α are pos-itively related with pleural adhesion severity. Cellular immune response which is related with Th1 cells contributes to pathological immune pleural damage and intensify the severity of pleural adhesions.

According to the requirement of the national assessment for achieving the infection control criteria, 42 villages (among them,25 villages belonged to the first stratum, and 17 villages belonged to the second stratum) in 14 counties from 5 provinces, including Hunnan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui and Yunnan, were selected as sampling villages for the assessment.The results from the field assessment showed that 154 out of 9 067 people were found infected with Sckistosoma japonicum, with an average infection rate of 1.7% ranged from 0.31 % to 4.10% , and only Yongping Village from Weishan County and Tenglong Village from Eryuan County were not found any case. A total of 46 out of 3 323 head of cattle were infected with S. japonicum, with an average infection rate of 1.38% ranged from 0.26% to 3.79% , and no any infected individual detected in Nanling County. No outbreak occurred in those sampling villages. Therefore, it is indicated that the five sampling provinces have reached the national criteria on infection control of schistosomiasis.

Objective To compare the concentrations of alpha-enolase (ENO1),CYFRA21-1,and CA125 in the patients with malignant pleural effusion ,tuberculous exudative pleural effusion ,or parapneumonia pleural effusion. To explore the clinical value of ENO1 in pleural effusion combined with serum CYFRA21-1 and CA125 in diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the concentration of ENO1 in pleural effusions. The concentrations of CA125 and CYFRA21-1 in the blood samples were measured using chemiluminescence and magnetic particle-based chemiluminescence respective-ly. The sensitivity and specificity of ENO1 combined with serum CYFRA21-1 and CA125 detection were calculated. Results The concentration of ENO1 in malignant pleural effusion group was significantly increased(P<0.001);the concentrations of ENO1 did not differ significantly between tuberculous exudative pleural effusion and parapneu-monia pleural effusion(P>0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of ENO1 combined with serum CYFRA21-1 and CA125 detection in malignant pleural effusion were 94％ and 74％,98％ and 98％,respectively. Conclusions ENO1 combined with serum CYFRA21-1 and CA125 detection can improve the sensitivity of diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion and enhance the diagnostic rate of malignant pleural effusion.