Objective To understand the status of knowledge and attitude of schistosomiasis control among the human populafion in schistosomiasis transmission-controlled area of Changqiu mountainous areas.Methods The subjects were selected by the random cluster sampling method among residents and students in these alias,then they were investigated by questionnaire.Resuits A total of 150 residents and 209 students were selected.There were 60% of the residents whose awareness rates of the knowledge on schistosomiasis control were above 90%.The correction rates of the questions in residents were between 99.30% and 100%.and the awareness rates about the questionswhether re-infection would occure after schistosomiasis was cured and the remedy for schistosomiasisof female adults were both 75.40%.The correction rates of the two question8 on attitude and behaviour of schistosomiasis control in adults were above 80.00%.In students'questionnaires.the awareness rates of knowledge on schistosomiasis control were above 90%.except the two questions on the shape of the snailand the infection-risk months of schistosomiasis.The correction rates of attitude and behaviour of schistosomiasis control were aslo above 80%.Conclusion The correction rates of knowledge,attitude and behaviour of schistosomiasis control of adults and students have reached the national goal of schistosomiasis control in 2008.

To summarize the biological effects of four natures of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the recent 40 years, including cold, hot, warm and cool, which have the effect on central nervous system, endocrine system on the activity of sympathetic nerves, basal metabolic rate, the function of organs and tissues and secretion of cytokine out of body. And to review the new concepts and new hypotheses in recent 10 years which proposed on the four natures of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the above summary we pointed out that the previous studies on biological effects have shortage in the following aspects: The studies had little connection with the TCM theory; The research highly concentrated on the biological effects of the cold and heat natures of drug; There is almost no research on the biological effects of the neutral nature; The research on the biological effects of the natures of traditional Chinese medicine had no combination with effects of drugs. And pointed out that studies on four natures of traditional Chinese medicine will be a multi-level, multi-disciplinary, multi-factor, multi-targe research, connecting Chinese medicine theory. The research will be a combination of the macro research and the micro research, the qualitative research and the quantitative research and the experimental research and the clinical research.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Objective To evaluate the schistosomiasis control effect of the measures of replacing cattle with machine for cul?tivation and forbidding depasturage of livestock on marshlands in marshland and lake regions. Methods The retrospective re?view and field survey were implemented in the Jiangling and Gongan counties of Hubei Province where were implemented with the measure of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation,and Yuanjiang and Huarong counties of Hunan Province where were implemented with the measure of forbidding the depasturage of livestock on marshlands. The schistosome infection status of hu?man,cattle,and Oncomelania hupensis snails,and schistosome?infested field excreta were surveyed from 2007 to 2013. The ef?fects of the interventions were compared before and after their implementations. Results The 6 villages of Hubei Province were implemented with the measure of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation,and 7 villages of Hunan Province were imple? mented with the measure of forbidding the depasturage of livestock on marshlands. From 2007 to 2013,the schistosome infection rates of residents declined from 3.95%to 0.70%(χ2 =128.376,P<0.05),with the descend range of 82.53%. The descend ranges of the measures of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation and forbidding the depasturage of livestock on marshlands were 83.081%and 81.62%respectively,and there was no significant difference between the two measures(χ2 =0.132,P>0.05). The infection rate of cattle decreased from 3.66%in 2007 to 0.65%in 2013,and the descend range was 82.24%(χ2=13.692,P<0.05). The field excreta was surveyed in the snail breeding place in 2013. The investigated area was 157.435 hm2, and 625 samples of field feces of cattle were collected with the density of field excreta of 3.97/hm2,and the positive rate was 1.12%(7/625). The schistosome infection rate of snails and the density of infected snails decreased successively from 2007, and no infected snails were detected from 2011 to 2013. Conclusions The schistosomiasis endemic situation are decreased sig?nificantly after the interventions of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation and forbidding the depasturage of livestock on marshlands. Therefore,schistosomiasis control effect of these measures is notable in the marshland and lake regions.

Objective Laparoscopic splenectomy has become an effective method to treat the hypersplenism and splenomegaly caused by various diseases.Although laparoscopic technology is very mature at present,laparoscopic splenectomy is still associated with many complications.This study was based on the comparison of different processes and operation techniques of laparoscopic splenectomy,to summarize a more effective operation process and operation technique which can reduce the related complications of laparoscopic splenectomy.Methods The study reviewed the clinical data of 130 patients'who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy in our department from September 2015 to December 2017.According to different operation mode and operation technique these patients were divided into 6 groups.Operation process groups:group Ⅰ for arterial priority group (open the gastrocolic ligament and expose splenic artery,then dissociate ligament around the spleen,and finally divide from the spleen pedicel) had 73 cases;group 2 with the way of building a tunnel beneath spleen pedicel and dissecting spleen in situ had 57 cases.With regard to the way of breaking spleen pedicel:group 3 using stapler to break spleen's pedicel included 101 cases;group 4 using dissecting the secondary spleen pedicel included 29 cases.Whether blocking the splenic vein:group 5 whose splenic vein was not ligated had 95 cases;group 6 whose splenic vein was ligated coverd 35 cases.Analysis and comparison between groups about intraoperative and postoperative complications related to different groups were made.Measurement date were expressed as (-x ± s),t test was used for comparison between groups.Count data was expressed as rate(％),and chi-square test was used for comparison between groups.Results Group 2 has less blood loss [group 1:(356.0 ± 96.2) ml versus group 2:(220.9 ± 57.3) ml,P =0.016],shorter operation time [group 1:(156.0 ± 36) min versus group 2:(120.9 ± 55.4) min;P =0.038] and fewer complications [group 1:9.6％ (7/73) versus group 2:5.3％ (3/57);P =0.035].When compared with group 4,group 3 have more advantages in the intraoperative blood loss [group 3:(256.0 ± 85.1) ml versus group 4:(380.9 ± 107.3) ml;P=0.019],the operation time [group 3:(131.0±30.9) min versus group 4:(171.9 ±61.2) min;P=0.024],and the postoperative complications [group 3:6.95 ％ (7/101) versus group 4:10.3 ％ (3/29);P =0.048].When compared with group 5,group 6 has more advantages in the intraoperative blood loss [group 5:(250.0 ± 56.2) ml versus group 6:(320.9 ± 87.3) ml;P =0.012],the operation time [group 5:(136.0 ± 36.2) min versus group 6:(180.9 ± 57.3) min;P =0.013],and the postoperative complications [group 5:6.3％ (6/95) versus group 6:11.4％ (4/35);P=0.013].Conclusion Both the procedure of tunnel procedure in situ cutting spleen and the application of stapler can reduce the amount of bleeding,shorten the operation time,and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications.The ligation of the splenic vein is not necessary because it increases the operation time,the risk of bleeding,and the occurrence of postoperative complications.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of modified atlantooccipital decompression combined with occipitocervical internal fixation on Chiari type I malformation combined with syringomyelia and atlantoaxial dislocation.Methods:Twenty-five patients with Chiari I malformation combined with syringomyelia and atlantoaxial dislocation accepted by modified atlantooccipital decompression combined with occipitocervical internal fixation in our hospital from January 2011 to March 2019. The clinical data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. The changes of peak velocity of cerebrospinal fluid in the dorsal part of the spinal cord, electrophysiological results, atlantodental interval (ADI) values, sizes of syringomyelia, and Chicago Chiari outcome scale (CCOS) scores before and after operation were compared.Results:The peak velocity of cerebrospinal fluid in the dorsal spinal cord after surgery ([3.25±0.47] cm/s) was statistically higher in these patients than that before surgery ([2.13±0.19] cm/s, P<0.05). As compared with the preoperative results, ADI values, sizes of syringomyelia, and proportion of patients with abnormal electrophysiological monitoring at 6 months after surgery were significantly decreased, and CCOS scores at 6 months after surgery were significantly increased ( P<0.05). There were no new nerve function damage, infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, paralysis, respiratory failure or death. Conclusions:Modified atlantooccipital decompression combined with occipitocervical internal fixation plays effective role in atlantooccipital decompression and atlantoaxial anatomical reduction in patients with Chiari malformation type I combined with syringomyelia and atlantoaxial dislocation. The remission rate of syringomyelia is high, the symptoms and signs improve obviously, and the postoperative complications are less.

OBJECTIVETo identify Oncomelania hupensis snail habitats and areas with high transmission potential by GIS/RS.

METHODSMarshland areas near high endemic villages of schistosomiasis in the Poyang Lake region were selected. Corresponding map was digitized and (Landsat 5 TM) image was corrected according to the digital map. The image in dry seasons was calculated by both normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and tasseled cap model.

RESULTSResult showed that snails spots were distributed in class 6, 7 and 8. Farther analysis of both NDVI and tasseled cap model showed that the snail habitats were mainly distributed in the areas where NDVI value was more than 110, and in tasseled cap wetness value between -10 to 3 with correction rate 94.93%.

CONCLUSIONFirst step was to use unsupervised classification to define the class 6, 7 and 8 snail habitat environment. Second step was to extract the value by NDVI model, and to define a healthy vegetation as snail suspicious habitat when NDVI value was more than 110. Then the third step was to use tasseled cap wetness model to define the areas as snail habitats which value was between -10 to 3.

Animals ; Demography ; Disease Vectors ; Schistosomiasis ; transmission ; Snails

Objective To investigate the relationship between cellular immune response which is related with Th1/Th2 cells and the different severities of tuberculosis pleural effusion adhesion.Methods A total of 66 in-patients diagnosed with different severities of tuberculosis pleural effusion adhesion by internal thoracoscope were enrolled from August 2014 to December 2016.ELISA was used to determine levels of INF-γ,TNF-α,IL-2 and IL-4. The ratio of Th1 and Th2 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results All the patients were divided into 3 groups:9 cases without pleural adhesion,32 cases with mild pleural adhesion,25 cases with severe pleural adhe-sion. The levels of 4 cytokines in pleural fluid were significantly higher than those in serum in each group(P <0.05,respectively).The concentrations of INF-γ and TNF-α were increased with the severity of tuberculosis pleu-ral effusion adhesion. The levels of INF-γ and TNF-α in the severe pleural adhesion group were markedly higher than those in the other two groups(P<0.05,respectively).The proportion of Th1 cells in the severe pleural adhe-sion group was significantly higher than that in the none pleural adhesion group and in the mild pleural adhesion group(P<0.05,respectively).Conclusions The proportion of Th1 cells and levels of INF-γ and TNF-α are pos-itively related with pleural adhesion severity. Cellular immune response which is related with Th1 cells contributes to pathological immune pleural damage and intensify the severity of pleural adhesions.

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate the feasibility of extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) for locally advanced low cancer in China.

METHODSA prospective multicenter clinical trial was carried out by 7 general hospitals across China from August 2008 to October 2011. A total of 102 patients underwent ELAPE for primary locally advanced low rectal cancer. There were 60 male and 42 female patients. The patients' characteristics, complications and prognosis were recorded.

RESULTSAll patients underwent the ELAPE procedure successfully. The median operating time was 180 minutes (range 110-495 minutes) and median intraoperative blood loss was 200 ml (range 50-1000 ml). The rates of sexual dysfunction, perineal complications, urinary retention, and chronic perineal pain were 40.5%, 23.5%, 18.6% and 13.7%, respectively. Chronic perineal pain was associated with coccygectomy (12 months postoperatively, t = 8.06, P < 0.01), and the pain might gradually ease over time. Reconstruction of pelvic floor with biologic mesh was associated with lower rate of perineal dehiscence (χ(2) = 13.502, P = 0.006) and overall perineal wound complications (χ(2) = 5.836, P = 0.016) compared with primary closure. A positive circumferential margin (CRM) was demonstrated in 6 (5.9%) patients, and intraoperative perforations occurred in 4 (3.9%) patients. All CRM involvement and intraoperative perforation located at anteriorly and anterolaterally. The local recurrence was 4.9% at a median follow-up of 35 months (range, 18-58 months).

CONCLUSIONSELAPE performed in the prone position for low rectal cancer leads to a reduction in CRM involvement, intraoperative perforations, and local recurrence, but it might result in a little high rate of perineal wound related complications. Reconstruction of pelvic floor with biologic mesh might lower the rate of perineal wound complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perineum ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Glioma is a primary aggressive brain tumor with high recurrence rate. The poor efficiency of chemotherapeutic drugs crossing the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) is well-known as one of the main challenges for anti-glioma therapy. Moreover, massive infiltrated tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in glioma further thwart the drug efficacy. Herein, a therapeutic nanosystem (SPP-ARV-825) is constructed by incorporating the BRD4-degrading proteolytic targeting chimera (PROTAC) ARV-825 into the complex micelle (SPP) composed of substance P (SP) peptide-modified poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactic acid)(SP-PEG-PDLLA) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactic acid) (mPEG-PDLLA, PP), which could penetrate BBB and target brain tumor. Subsequently, released drug engenders antitumor effect via attenuating cells proliferation, inducing cells apoptosis and suppressing M2 macrophages polarization through the inhibition of IRF4 promoter transcription and phosphorylation of STAT6, STAT3 and AKT. Taken together, our work demonstrates the versatile role and therapeutic efficacy of SPP-ARV-825 micelle against glioma, which may provide a novel strategy for glioma therapy in future.