5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) as an antimetabolite drug,has been widely used in the treatment of various solid tumors.However, due to the heterogeneity of tumor and the impact of the individual, some patients still have drug resistance or serious lethal toxicity reaction.The text focuses on the research progress of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics of some forecast elements which affect the efficacy and toxicity of 5-Fu,and discussed their guiding role on the choice of chemotherapy drugs.

The therapeutic mode has changed over time, although surgery remains the main treatment of choice for gastric cancer. Surgery alone provides long-term survival in only 30% of patients with advanced stages because of the high risk of recurrence and metastasis. Multimodal strategies including neoadjuvant and (or) adjuvant protocols combined with surgery have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. In particular, perioperative chemotherapy has become the new standard for treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Adjuvant therapy should be carefully discussed after surgical resection, mainly in patients with large lymph node-positive tumors when neoadjuvant therapy can not be carried out. This article reviews the relevant literature on the multidisciplinary management of gastric cancer, and discusses strategies to improve the efficacy of locoregional failures.

China has high prevalence of gastric cancer, with the morbidity and mortality leading the list of malignancy. The conditions of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer in China fail to meet the need of a large number of patients because of restriction in re-gional development. Therefore, we are facing a very serious situation of fighting against gastric cancer. Multidiscipline, individualiza-tion, and standardization are the development tendency of diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Numerous topics about gastric cancer are currently controversial and solutions to these problems depend on the development of evidence-based medicine. This re-view summarized the recent progress in the clinical methods used for stomach cancer, laparoscopic surgical techniques, diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cancer, conversion therapy of advanced gastric cancer, therapeutic strategy of esophageal-gastric junction cancer, enhanced recovery after surgery, and translational research and clinical trials of gastric cancer. Moreover, the foci and prob-lems of the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer were discussed to provide reference for further studies.

Objective:To evaluate the safety of Yangzhengxiaoji capsules for the treatment of cancer and precancerosis. Methods:Clinical trials and studies were collected by searching Chinese and English databases, including CNKI, WANFANG database, VIP information database, Pubmed, ScinenceDirect Online, and MEDLINE@EBSCO. The clinical data of Yangzhengxiaoji capsule for the treatment of cancer and pre-cancerosis were included. The quality of the included studies was then evaluated. Related data were extracted with reference to Cochrane Handbook 5.0. Afterward, meta-analysis was conducted using Revman 5.0 software. Results:A total of 19 studies focusing on 2 125 patients receiving Yangzhengxiaoji capsules were included and investigated in this meta-analysis. Results showed that the adverse reaction rates of myelosuppression, WBC and platelet decrease, gastrointestinal reaction, nausea/vomiting, and hepatotoxicity were sig-nificantly lower in the trial groups with Yangzhengxiaoji capsule-assisted chemotherapy/radiotherapy than in the control groups with chemotherapy/radiotherapy only (P<0.05). The adverse reaction rates of nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity were not statistically different between the trial groups and the control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:Yangzhengxiaoji capsule could be safely administered to treat cancer and precancerosis.

Objective To evaluate the prognosis of recurrent laryngeal cancer after surgieat treatment, the study was designed to investigate the relationship of VEGF and Cath-D expression in patients with recurrent laryngeal carcinoma. Methods Five hundred and seventy-four cases of laryngeal carcinoma treated in our department from 1958 to 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were observed for 3 years postoperatively. The whole set of tissue microarrays prepared with tumor tissue from 574 patients, including recurrent tumor tissue from 56 patients, and also 39 normal laryngeal tissue from normal subjects. The tissue chips were analyzed by the SABC immunohistochemical method. Results VEGF and Cath-D were expressed in most of the laryngeal carcinoma and normal laryngeal tissue, but the positive ratio of them was different. There was higher expression of VEGF and Cath-D in recurrent laryngeal carcinoma compared with that in laryngeal carcinoma without recurrence and normal laryngeal tissue (P

Objective To evaluate the prognosis of laryngeal cancer in terms of postoperative recurrence,the study was designed to investigate the relationship of E-cadherin,CD44,and Tenascin expression in patients with recurrent laryngeal carcinoma. Methods 574 cases of laryngeal carcinoma treated in our department from 1958 to 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were observed for 3 years postoperatively. The whole set of tissue microarray contained tumor tissue from all these patients,including recurrent tumor tissue from 56 patients,39 normal laryngeal tissue from normal larynx. The tissue chips were analyzed by the SABC immunohistochemical method. Results E-cadherin,CD44,and Tenascin were expressed in most of the laryngeal carcinoma and normal laryngeal tissue,but the positive ratio was different. There was lower expression of E-cadherin in recurrent laryngeal carcinoma compared to that in laryngeal carcinoma without recurrence,and the difference was statistically significant ( P

EEG feedback therapy has some value in mental disease treatment. This article designs an EEG feedback system with complete function and good performance based on virtual instruments technology, and brings out project of hardware and software to develop the system. Prototype of the system is made and has some effect of clinic application in mental disease?

Objective To investigate clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of multiple primary colorectal carcinoma (MPCC). Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 37 patients with MPCC admitted from 1974 to 1998. ResultsThe incidence of MPCC was 2 74%(37/1 348) with 15 cases being synchronous carcinoma (SC) and 22 cases diagnosed as metachronous carcinomas (MC). Most tumors were located in right colon and rectum. Twelve out of twenty-two (55%) of MC were diagnosed within 3 years from the primary operation and 41% (9/22) of MC occurred after 8 years. JP2Radical resections were performed in all patients except for 1 case. The 5 year survival rate of SC was 5/9 and that of MC after the first cancer or second cancer were 15/21 and 7/18, respectively. Conclusions The results indicated the importance of complete preoperative examination, careful intraoperative exploration and periodic postoperative surveillance. Early diagnosis and active radical resection can increase survival rate of MPCC.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of preoperative and postoperative serum tumor markers, namely, carcinoem-bryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and CA72-4, in the diagnosis of gastric cancer recurrence at different stag-es. Methods:Analysis was performed in 564 patients who underwent curative resection for gastric cancer between January 2002 and March 2007, received no chemotherapy at our hospital, and received complete follow-up according to the schedule determined pro-spectively. The values of CEA, CA19-9, and CA72-4 were evaluated before and after surgery. Results:In the pTNM-Ⅰ and pTNM-Ⅱ stage groups, patients with positive preoperative serum CEA, CA19-9, and CA72-4 levels showed recurrence rates of 50.0%, 24.1%, and 22.6%, respectively. Similarly, the recurrence rates of patients with positive postoperative serum CEA, CA72-4, and CA19-9 levels were 42.9%, 21.7%, and 14.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the positive preoperative serum CEA level could be an inde-pendent factor of recurrence. In the pTNM-Ⅲ stage group, the recurrence rates of patients with positive preoperative serum CEA, CA19-9, and CA72-4 levels were 50.0%, 55.2%, and 47.6%, respectively. The recurrence rates of patients with positive postoperative se-rum CEA, CA19-9, and CA72-4 levels were 75.0%, 66.7%, and 66.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that high postoperative serum CA72-4 levels could be an independent factor of gastric cancer recurrence. Conclusion:Serum tumor markers exhibited differ-ent predictive values in different pTNM stages. Preoperative CEA level could be used to predict recurrence in patients with pTNM-Ⅰ and pTNM-Ⅱ stages of gastric cancer. Moreover, postoperative CA72-4 level could be used to predict recurrence in patients with pTNM-Ⅲ stage gastric cancer.

Objective:To explore the external factors of the development of cancer hospitals under normalized epidemic prevention and control, and to propose targeted strategies in accordance with existing practice.Methods:PEST model was used to analyze the political, economic, social and technological environment of specialized cancer hospitals, with an overall strategy proposed based on the specific analysis of a cancer hospital.Results:In the era of normalized epidemic prevention and control, cancer hospitals were facing a new environment that was common or unique to other types of medical institutions. In response, the case hospital had adopted such strategies as integrating prevention and control with medical services, integrating offline with online services, and integrating internal and external resources to promote its recovery and development.Conclusions:Cancer hospitals and government should fully leverage the environmental changes incurred by the normalization of prevention and control, and formulate a more integrated development strategy covering short, medium up to long term conditions, based on the two major objectives of epidemic prevention and control and cancer prevention and medical services.