Objective: To determine the HIV infection of a 13-year-old leukemia patient Wei using molecular tracing technique. Methods: Three blood samples were collected from the persons who were associated with HIV positive blood donation member Lang. The viral load was tested and pol gene was sequenced and analyzed. At the same time using HyPhy2.2.4 and Cytoscape 3.6.1 to establish the molecular network with these 3 samples sequences and other HIV subtypes sequences obtained from Luzhou. Results: The HIV-1 viral load test result of the three patients were: Lang 933 CPS /ml (treated, blood donor), Wei (blood recipitent) 89 813 CPS /ml, Deng (blood recipitent) 85 158 CPS /ml. The subtype of HIV-1 of these three samples were all recombinant HIV CRF01_AE, and the pol gene similarity was 98.8% (Lang and Wei), 99.7% (Lang and Deng), and 99.1% (Wei and Deng), respectively. The gene sequences of the three samples were linked into clusters (the gene distance was less than 0.004). Conclusions The patient Wei with leukemia was infected with HIV-1 due to blood transfusion during the seroconversion period, and the three patients were more likely to be infected with the same HIV-1 strain. It is necessary to popularize the use of high-sensitivity nucleic acid detection method in blood collection and supply institutions, which can effectively improve the safety of blood use.

OBJECTIVETo study the in vitro effect of herb components on scavenging harmful components of cigarette smoke such as radicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines in vitro, and its reducing effect on cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke.

METHODspectrophotometry was used to examine the scavenging effect of herb components on DPPH free radicals, superoxide anion radical, and hydroxyl radical, and the results were compared with the anti-oxidation of ascorbic acid. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to examine the scavenging effect of herb components on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. UV spectrophotometry was used to examine the scavenging effect of herb components on volatile nitrosamines. MTT assay was used to examine cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke.

RESULTAll the herb components showed a certain scavenging effect on DPPH free radicals, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile nitrosamines, espacially the ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), flavonoids of glycyrrhiza, procyanidine, total saponins in ophiopogonin, total saponins of astragalus and epimediun flavonoids. After these six herb components were added to cigarette, the cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke on BEP2D cells was remarkably reduced, by increasing cell survival fraction (SF, %) and mean lethal dose (DML).

CONCLUSIONThe herb components can scavenge harmful components of cigarette smoke such as radicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines, which reduce the damage of cigarette smoke on human being.

Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Smoke ; adverse effects ; Tobacco ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 （PD-1/PD-L1） inhibitors combined with bevacizumab in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） based on platinum- containing dual therapy. METHODS Retrieved from CNKI， Wanfang， VIP， Web of Science， PubMed and other Chinese and English databases， cohort studies or randomized controlled trial studies on the treatment of advanced NSCLC with platinum- containing double agents in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and bevacizumab （trial group） versus platinum-containing double agents with or without PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor or bevacizumab （control group） were collected from the inception to April 25， 2024. After screening literature， extracting data and evaluating quality， meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed by using RevMan 5.4.1 software. RESULTS A total of 15 pieces of literature were included， involving 13 clinical studies with a total of 3 282 patients. Compared with the control group， partial response rate [RR＝0.75，95%CI（0.68，0.82），P＜0.000 01]， complete response rate [RR＝0.47，95%CI（0.29，0.76），P＝0.002]， progressive disease rate [RR＝1.23，95%CI（1.11，1.37），P＜0.000 1]， objective response rate （ORR） [RR＝0.72，95%CI（0.67，0.79），P＜0.000 01] and disease control rate （DCR） [RR＝0.85， 95%CI （0.77，0.95），P＝0.003] were higher in the trial group. There was no statistically significant difference in the stable disease rate [RR＝1.25， 95%CI （0.86， 1.83）， P＝0.25] or overall adverse drug reaction incidence rate [RR＝0.95， 95%CI （0.90， 1.00）， P＝ 0.07] between the two groups of patients. Sensitivity analyses showed robust and reliable results for all outcome indicators. CONCLUSIONS PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with bevacizumab based on platinum-containing dual therapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC can improve patients’ clinical benefits， such as ORR and DCR， without increasing the risk of adverse drug reaction.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the pr eparation technology of the baicalin lipid nano foam aerosol （BC-LN-FA）. METHODS Baicalin lipid nanoparticle （BC-LN）and BC-LN-FA were prepared by the thin film dispersion method and homogeneous emulsification method ，respectively，using baicalin （BC） as the model drug. The preparation technology was optimized by Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology using particle size and encapsulation efficiency （EE）as indexes ，with dosage ， emulsifier dosage ，co-emulsifier dosage and homogenization time as factors. The morphology ，particle size ，polymerdispersity index（PDI），EE，the viscosity ，the foam dissolution rate and in vitro transdermal release of BC-LN-FA were characterized. RESULTS The optimal technology included 25 mg BC ，40 mg emulsifier （mass ratio of stearic acid-soybean lecithin-glycerol was 1∶1∶1），30 mg co-emulsifier （mass ratio of octadecanol-lactic acid was 1∶1），homogenization time of 20 min. Results of 3 times of validation tests showed that particle size of prepared BC-LN-FA was （151.70±2.40）nm，EE was （68.62±1.16）％；the deviation of them from the predicted value （particle size of 150.80 nm，EE of 67.02％）were 0.60％ and 2.39％ respectively. The BC-LN-FA prepared by the optimal process was light yellow opalescence ，uniform in particle size and round-like in shape. The viscosity，the foam dissolution rate ，the content of BC and PDI were （122.92±5.09）mPa·s，（65.32±3.22）％，（7.01±0.12）％ and（0.199±0.006），respectively. At 48 h，the cumulative release rates of BC-LN-FA in phosphate buffer saline （PBS）at pH 7.4， 6.8，5.0 were（54.12±2.69）％，（57.85±4.25）％ and（59.47±1.83）％，respectively；those of free BC in PBS at pH 7.4 was only （15.04±1.43）％. CONCLUSIONS The optimized technology is stable and feasible. Prepared BC-LN-FA has a uniform particle size，high digestion rate and certain viscosity.

The chemotherapy combined with photothermal therapy has been a favorable approach for the treatment of breast cancer. In present study, nanoparticles with the characteristics of photothermal/matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) dual-responsive, tumor targeting, and size-variability were designed for enhancing the antitumor efficacy and achieving "on-demand" drug release markedly. Based on the thermal sensitivity of gelatin, we designed a size-variable gelatin nanoparticle (GNP) to encapsulate indocyanine green (ICG) and doxorubicin (DOX). Under an 808 nm laser irradiation, GNP-DOX/ICG responded photothermally and swelled in size from 71.58 ± 4.28 to 160.80 ± 9.51 nm, which was beneficial for particle retention in the tumor sites and release of the loaded therapeutics. Additionally, GNP-DOX/ICG showed a size reduction of the particles to 33.24 ± 4.11 nm and further improved drug release with the degradation of overexpressed MMP-2 in tumor. In the subsequently performed