A prospective study was conducted for 91 cases of fever patients after neurosurgical procedures during the period of January-December 2013.They were divided into non-infection (n =42) and infection (n =49) groups according to whether there was infection complication.And another 51 nonsurgical hospitalized patients without fever or infection were selected as control group.The levels of procalcitonin (PCT),C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) were detected respectively.Statistical analysis showed that the level of PCT had no significant difference between non-infection and control groups (P ＞ 0.05).However,it was markedly elevated in infection group than non-infection group (P ＜ 0.01).The level of CRP was significantly different between non-infection and control groups (P ＜ 0.01).And it was the same between infection and non-infection groups.The level of WBC had significant difference between non-infection and control groups (P ＜ 0.05) and infection and non-infection groups (P ＜ 0.01).The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that either sensitivity or specificity of PCT was the highest.Compared with CRP and WBC,PCT may identify more accurately the causes of fever after neurosurgical procedures.

Metabolomics, the newest “omics”science after genomics, thranscriptomics and proteomics, is the study of simultaneous identification and quantification of products of the biochemical reaction within an or-ganism. It has been used in the study of papillary thyroid cancer. This review presents an introduction to the con-cept and research techniques of metabolomics and the progress of application in papillary thyroid cancer.

Objective To evaluate the surgical effect of the surgical removal of both medial temporal lobe lesion and hippocampus amygdala for treating epilepsy. Methods Retrospectively analyzed 18 cases of epilepsy induced by the medial temporal lobe lesion and their hippocampal epileptic discharge was recorded by the deep electrode. Removed both medial temporal lobe lesion and hippocampus amygdala through medial temporal gyrus by modified pterional approach. The lesion had been totally removed in all of these 18 cases in naked eye. Evaluated the effect of surgery for epilepsy by Engel grading scale. Results These cases were followed up for average 2.8 years. Engel Ⅰ for 13 cases, Engel Ⅱ for 4 cases, Engel Ⅲ for 1 cases, Engel Ⅳ for none after operation. But there were lateral 1/4 quadrantanopsia in 2 cases, recent memory decreasing in 3 cases and none of death or any other complication. Conclusion Surgical removal of both medial temporal lobe lesion and hippocampus amygdala is a safe and effective method for treating epilepsy with less complication.

Objective To compare the torque resistance effect with different types of reconstruction of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dislocation,in order to explore biomechanical basis for clinical practice.Methods Six adult cadaver forearm were used,including 4 males and 2 females.The average death age was 64.9 years (range,36-78 years).Three were right side,3 were left side.The DRUJ dislocation model was made after the standardized resection of the palmar and dorsal DRUJ ligament.Clinic reconstruction methods of the DRUJ include trans-bone tunnel renconstruction (intra-articular reconstruction) and Looptie up reconstruction (extra-articular reconstruction).The mechanical properties as follows:torque velocity:5°/min,maximum torque angulation:90°,maximum torsion force:1 N· mm.Each limb was detected for the torque mechanic under four conditions:normal,DRUJ dislocation,intra-articular reconstruction and extra-articular reconstruction.Results Each limb was inspected for intact mechanic baseline and without the visual damage to the bone.The average pronation torque resistance on normal condition was (0.44±0.10) N·mm,(0.37±0.09) N·mm on DRUJ dislocation group,(0.45±0.09) N-mm on intra-articular reconstruction group,and (0.42±0.09) N·nun on extra-articular reconstruction group.Pronation torque resistance of DRUJ dislocation group was apparently lower than the normal group (t=2.043,P=-0.047).The pronation torque resistance reconstruction group had no significant difference with normal group.The average supination torque resistance on normal condition was (0.56±0.16) N·mm,while on DRUJ dislocation group was (0.42±0.11) N-mm,on intra-articular reconstruction group was (0.54±0.16) N·mm,on extra-articular reconstruction group was (0.51±0.13) N·mm.There were no apparent differences among four groups.Conclusion Both internal and external reconstruction could recover the rotation stability and normalize the torque resistance,without statistical difference.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and to evaluate the significance of the selective neck dissection. METHOD: Records of 82 patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty patients were received a selective neck dissection (Group 1), while twenty-two were not (Group 2). RESULT: In Group 1, 13 patients were found metastasis. The incidence of metastasis was 21. 67% (13/60). The frequency of nodal metastasis with a carcinoma < 0.7 cm was 4.76%, while > or = 0.7 cm was 30.77% (P < 0.05). All patients were followed-up from 9 to 14 years (mean 59.8 months). No patients relapsed or died, and no one was found distant metastasis. CONCLUSION The papillary thyroid microcarcinoma had a high tendency to metastasize. It is more significant to perform selective neck dissection in tumors > or = 0.7 cm.
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Dissection ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

The ionic quantity across the channel of the cell membrane decides the cell in a certain life state. The theory analysis that existed on the bio-effects of the electro-magnetic field (EMF) does not unveil the relationship between the EMF exerted on the cell and the ionic quantity across the cell membrane. Based on the cell construction, the existed theory analysis and the experimental results, an ionic probability wave theory is proposed in this paper to explain the biological window-effects of the electromagnetic wave. The theory regards the membrane channel as the periodic potential barrier and gives the physical view of the ion movement across cell-membrane. The theory revises the relationship between ion's energy in cell channel and the frequency exerted EMF. After the application of the concept of the wave function, the ionic probability across the cell membrane is given by the method of the quantum mechanics. The numerical results analyze the physical factors that influences the ion's movement across the cell membrane. These results show that the theory can explain the phenomenon of the biological window-effects.
Animals ; Biological Transport, Active ; Cell Membrane ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Computer Simulation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Ion Channels ; metabolism ; Ions ; metabolism ; Models, Biological

With an aging population, the incidence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) is on the rise, posing new challenges for developing personalized treatment strategies. For patients who do not respond to conservative treatment, percutaneous vertebroplasty or percutaneous kyphoplasty (PVP/PKP) remains the preferred surgical option due to its minimal invasiveness and rapid recovery time. However, progressive local kyphosis (PLK) is one of the most severe complications following PVP/PKP, with an incidence rate of 1.5%-25.8%. PLK often presents with recurring thoracic and lower back pain, and in severe cases, spinal stenosis, causing symptoms like numbness and pain in the lower limbs. The severity of PLK varies, and treatments can range from conservative management and bone cement reinforcement to internal fixation or osteotomy. Current studies suggest that re-fracture of the affected vertebra, intervertebral disc degeneration, and osteonecrosis may be underlying mechanisms. These conditions shift the axial load forward, promoting postoperative PLK, which tends to progress over time. Postoperative PLK is closely associated with patient characteristics, fracture details, surgical factors, and post-surgery osteoporosis management. 1) The severity of osteoporosis, as indicated by the T-score from bone mineral density testing, can help predict postoperative PLK. While factors like age and gender influence osteoporosis severity, no direct relationship has been established between these factors and PLK. 2) Thoracolumbar fractures, old nonunion fractures, endplate fractures, or severe preoperative compression changes with kyphosis can increase PLK risk. Surgical factors, including the use of balloons or implants and the distribution of bone cement, also play a role. Personalized treatment plans should be developed based on the patient's general condition and imaging results to ensure adequate bone cement diffusion, as enhanced integration can reduce PLK risk. 3) Postoperative anti-osteoporosis therapy is also crucial; long-term therapy, particularly with teriparatide, can prevent PLK. Recognizing the related risk factors and establishing predictive models can help clinicians tailor treatments. Machine learning models, utilizing big data, are particularly adept at handling complex interrelated risk factors and may provide a powerful tool for personalized treatment in the future.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic para-aortic pheochromocytoma. Methods Clinical data of 2 cases with ectopic para-aortic pheochromocytoma in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from August 2012 to December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The informed consents of both patients were obtained and local ethical committee approval had been received. Both patients were female with the age of 54, 57 years old. The occurrence of disease, diagnosis, treatments and efficacy were observed. Results Case 1 was admitted in hospital for complaint of 1-month distending pain in upper abdominal and ifnding of retroperitoneal space-occupying lesion for 8 d. Solid space-occupying lesion at the right side of mid-upper abdomen was found by abdominal ultrasound and computer tomography (CT) examination. The preoperative diagnosis was abdominal mesenchymoma. Case 2 was admitted in hospital for complaint of palpitation, chest pain and ifnding of hepatic space-occupying lesion for 10 d and had a history of 5-year hypertension. Cystic solid space-occupying lesion in the hepatic caudate lobe was found by abdominal ultrasound, CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations and cystadenoma was suspected. The 2 patients underwent resection of ectopic para-aortic pheochromocytoma under general anesthesia by tracheal intubation. The intraoperative exploration found that touching the tumor had great impacts on blood pressure and heart rate and ectopic para-aortic pheochromocytoma was diagnosed. The patients were transferred to surgical intensive care unit (ICU) for monitoring and treatment. Pheochromocytoma was confirmed by the pathological examination. The patients were recovered and discharged from hospital and remained well till the paper submission date. Conclusions Ectopic para-aortic pheochromocytoma is a rare disease without characteristic clinical features. It is dififcult for preoperative diagnosis. The conifrmation is mainly depends on the pathological ifndings. Surgical resection is the priority of treatment. Fully assessment of operative risk before operation, avoiding touching tumor tissues during operation, complete excision of tumor capsule, close monitoring on the blood pressure after operation can achieve a good clinical treatment outcome.

Objective To analyze the metabolic profiles of the female papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the relationship between the metabolic profiles and primary tumor size and cervical lymph node metastasis using a metabolomics approach.Methods Forty-three cases of female PTC were enrolled in this study.Gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultra performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry were employed for analyzing metabolic profiles of tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues in the female PTC.Cases were divided into Group T1 (tumor size ≤2.0 cm) and Group T2 (tumor size ＞ 2.0 cm) according to the tumor size,and divided into Group N-(with negative cervical lymph node) and Group N + (with positive cervical lymph node) according to the cervical lymph node conditions.We compared the metabolomic profiles between these groups.Results A panel of 46 differentially expressed metabolites was identified in the PTC specimens,compared with normal tissues.Increased metabolism of amino acid,purine and pyrimidine,tryptophan acid,one carbon,glycolysis,taurine and hypotaurine,and fatty acid were found in PTC tumors tissues.Amino acids,purine and pyridine,tryptophan,and carbon metabolism increased significantly in the tumor tissues of Group T2 compared with Group T1,while glycolysis,amino acid,purine and pyridine,tryptophan,and carbon metabolism increased significantly in the specimens of Group N +.Conclusion Distinct metabolic profiles were identified in the female PTC tissues,which were related to the primary tumor size and cervical lymph node metastases.

Objective: To investigate high-risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) and 10-year survival rate in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 3 607 patients with PTMC received surgery in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with metastasis and 10-year survival rate of the patients was calculated. Results: The patients accepted an average follow-up of 68 months, with follow-up from 18 to 138 months. Total LNM rate in the 3 607 patients with PTMC was 17.13%. Central lymph node metastasis rate was 16.86%, which was related to gender (males 21.89% vs females 15.26%, P<0.01), age (<45 years old 24.44% vs ≥45 years old 11.96%, P<0.01), tumor diameter (P<0.01) and multifocality (P<0.01). Lateral lymph node metastasis rate was 1.05%, which was related to age (<45 vs ≥45, P<0.01) and tumor diameter (P<0.01). The 10-year-survival rate was 93.0% and 10-year recurrence-free survival rate was 87.5%. Conclusion PTMC may metastasize to cervical lymph node, especially in males, with age younger than 45, multifocal tumors and maximal tumor diameter larger than 0.7 cm. There was no significant correlation between these clinical features associated with LNM and the 10-year survival rate.