OBJECTIVETo study the clinical characteristics of human bocavirus (HBoV) infection in children.

METHODSNasal and throat swab samples were collected in 843 children with lower respiratory tract infection. The multiple RT-PCR method was used to detect HBoV and six other common respiratory tract viruses. The clinical characteristics of HboV positive cases were investigated.

RESULTSAmong 843 cases, 90 were HboV positive (10.7%), 131 were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) positive (15.5%), 117 were influenza virus positive (13.9%), 84 were parainfluenza virus positive (10.0%), 55 were rhinovirus positive (6.5%), 48 were coronavirus positive (5.7%), and 33 were human metapneumovirus positive (3.7%). Of the 90 HBoV infected patients, 45 (50%) showed a co-infection with other respiratory tract viruses. Among them, 33 were infected with one other type of virus (37%), 11 (12%) were infected with two other types of virus, and 1 case (1%) was infected with other three viruses. The HBoV positive rate in children with wheezing was significantly higher than those without wheezing (17.0% vs 9.2%; P<0.01). The common clinical manifestations of HBoV-infected patients included frequent coughing, wheezing and fever. There were no significant differences in the frequency of wheezing between HBoV and RSV infected patients.

CONCLUSIONSHBoV positive rate detected from children with wheezing is higher than from children without wheezing, suggesting that apart from RSV, HBoV is another virus causing wheezing in children with respiratory tract infection. Co-infections of HBoV with other respiratory track viruses can be present in some patients.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Human bocavirus ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Parvoviridae Infections ; complications ; Respiratory Sounds ; etiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; complications ; virology

Adult ; Bone Nails ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Femur ; injuries ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the biomechanics of three internal fixations for distal femoral fractures,and to choose suitable clinical internal fixation according to experimental date.

METHODSThe fracture models of femoral condydle were made on 12 fresh cadaver femurs (C1 type of AO classification). The fractures were fixed by supracondylar intramedullary interlocking nails (A), L-shaped condyle plates (B) and compressed plates (C) respectively. The straining, displacement, rigidity and intensity of femoral supracondyla of the three internal fixations of distal femoral fractures were observed and analyzed by biomechanics. These three different internal fixation methods were compared by experimental stress analysis. These results were further confirmed by theoretical analysis using finite element method (FFM).

RESULTSUnder the same load condition, supracondylar intramedullary interlocking nail fixation was the best on the intensity and rigidity,while for compressed plate and L-shaped condyle plate, the femoral condyle intensity and rigidity were worse (P < 0.05). There were distinct differences in stress and displacement among three methods (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSupracondylar intermedullary interlocking nail is the best method among the three internal fixation methods. It has advantage such as screw location, solid fixation and less complication. It is a good internal fixation method for distal femoral fracture.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Femoral Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Finite Element Analysis ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the association between acute respiratory human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) infection and climatic factors in children.

METHODSA total of 2 526 throat swab samples were collected from children with acute respiratory infection who visited the Pediatric Clinic of Shanghai Jiading Nanxiang Hospital between 2011 and 2013. HPIV was detected by multiplex RT-PCR. Related meteorological data were collected, including monthly mean temperature, monthly mean humidity, and monthly total rainfall. The association between HPIV detection rate and climatic factors was analyzed by Spearman's or Pearson test.

RESULTSDuring the three years, the overall HPIV detection rate was 5.62% (142/2 526), and HPIV-1 was the most common type (46.5%), followed by HPIV-3 (31.0%), HPIV-2 (17.6%), and HPIV-4 (4.9%). There were significant differences in the detection rates of HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 in different seasons, and the detection rates of both were the highest in summer (P<0.05). HPIV positive rate was positively correlated with monthly mean temperature (r=0.598; P<0.01) and monthly total rainfall (rs=0.602; P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe activity of HPIV in children is correlated with climatic factors, particularly temperature and rainfall.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Climate ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; etiology ; Rain ; Seasons

OBJECTIVETo study allergens and their relationship to the occurrence of childhood bronchial asthma in the Jiading District of Shanghai.

METHODSThree hundred and eighty-two 4 to 12-year-old children with asthma in the remission stage from Nanxiang Hospital in the Jiading District of Shanghai were used as a case group (asthma group), and 402 children from two primary schools and two kindergartens in Jiading were enrolled by cluster sampling and served as control group. Parents of the children completed a questionnaire on living conditions and allergy-related disease history. Skin prick test (SPT) for 18 common allergens was carried out in both groups. In order to examine the effect of environment and living conditions on SPT results, children in the control group were further divided into two sub-groups according to birth place: migrant (219 cases) and resident (183 cases).

RESULTSSPT results revealed that the main allergens identified in the Jiading region were dermatophagoides farinae, house dust mites, shrimps, cockroaches, and dog hair. The SPT positive rate was 67.9% in the asthma group, and this was significantly higher than in the control group (31.8%) (P<0.01). The environment and living conditions in the migrant group were significantly different from the resident group (P<0.01), whereas the SPT positive rate for this group was significantly lower than in the resident group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAllergens in the Jiading region mainly originate from dermatophagoides farinae, household dust mites, shrimps, cockroaches and dog hair. Children with asthma are more susceptible to allergens. Environment and living conditions may be relevant, to a certain extent, to an SPT positive rate.

Allergens ; immunology ; Asthma ; etiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Skin Tests ; Transients and Migrants

Objective Clinical study on the treatment of bilateral lumbar spinal stenosis with percutane-ous fixation combined with unilateral open-ended spinal canal decompression. Methods 126 patients with bilater-al lumbar spinal stenosis admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into two groups.The observation group was treated by percutaneous nail combined with unilateral laminar fenestration,and the control group was treated by open reduction combined with bilateral hemi laminectomy and spinal canal decompression.The two groups of pa-tients with general surgical complications after treatment,index,lumbago and leg pain VAS score and ODI score were compared.Results The operation time of the observation group,the amount of bleeding,the time of hospital-ization and the cost of hospitalization were less than those of the control group.There were no complications such as incision infection after operation in the two groups.The two groups were statistically significant postoperative pain and leg pain VAS score and ODI score compared with preoperative difference.The two groups had statistical signifi-cance between low back and leg pain VAS score and ODI score after 6 and 12 months and last follow-up phase dif-ference.But the two groups after 3 months of lumbago and leg pain VAS score and ODI score had no significant dif-ference.Conclusions Percutaneous minimally invasive nail combined with unilateral laminar fenestration and de-compression for bilateral lumbar spinal stenosis has the advantages of less trauma,less bleeding,shorter hospitaliza-tion time and quicker recovery.It is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To learn the population and infestation rates of cockroaches from 2017 to 2019 in Jiading District of Shanghai, to evaluate the effect of cockroach termination in household, and to provide information for cockroach control. Methods Cockroaches were controlled by dinotefuran baits and clean-up in households.Sticky trap and visual method were employed for density monitoring in farmers markets, supermarkets, hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and residential areas.Visual method was used in households before and after using the insecticide. Results Sticky trap result showed the room infestation rate was 3.24%, mean adhesion rate was 3.29%, the density was 0.06 per board, and the density peak appeared in May.Rate of invasion and density decreased year by year.Blattella germanica was the dominant species, counting for 71.88%.The density, and rate of infestation, as determined by sticky trap method, were the highest in the farmers markets, followed by hospitals and residential areas.Determined by visual method, room infestation rate was 1.16%, and the infestation rate was 4.44%.The peak appeared in January.Infestation rate of the farmers markets was the highest, followed by hospitals and residential areas.By visual method, the room infestation rate was 59.01%, and 48.45% for nymphs.The room infestation and ootheca rates were 54.04% and 17.39%.The rate decreased more than 80% in 30 days after use of the insecticide. Conclusion Infestation rate of cockroach remains at low level in Jiading District.The effect of bait combined with environmental cleaning is remarkable.Future work should strengthen monitoring and control in farmers markets, hospitals and residential areas.