To study the effect of vascular proliferation and reconstruction in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization were used. The expression of transforming growth factor (TGF-?1) and smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) in livers of CHB were observed. The results showed that TGF-?1 and ?-SMA were related with degeneration of hepatocytes, intrahepatic vascular fibrosis and hepatic sinusoidal capillarization. The expression degree and range of TGF-?1 and ?-SMA increased with the exacerbation of liver lesion. These results suggest that vascular proliferation and reconstruction may play important roles during the process of CHB.

Objective To study the relationship between expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vas-culax endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with liver sinusnidal capillarization (LSC) of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods We studied liver biopsies from 200 patients with CHB COX-2 ,VEGF immunohistochemical stain were ob-served to accomplish relationship between expression of COX-2,VEGF and LSC. Results LSC occupy above 80% in the group. There were manifestation in mild-LSC (focal) , middle-LSC (sheet-shape) and severe-LSC (widespread). Electron microscope shown the laceration in the endothelium of sinuses and formation of basal lamina and budding for-mation lumen of blood vessel and fat-storing cell convert myofibroblast. Expression of COX-2, VEGF, Co-Ⅳ and retic-ulum, collagen and elastic fibers with mild or severe in LSC is manifest locking relate. Conclusion Increased ex-pression of COX-2 ,VEGF in liver tissue of CHB may facilitate LSC and hepatic fibrosis.

Objective To study the relationship between vascular obstruction,inflammation and the pseudolobuli formation in liver tissues with chronic hepatitis B.Methods The liver biopsies from 1256 patients with chronic hepatitis B was observated by HE,histochemical,immunohistochemical and the electricity mirror techniqe.Results (1)The intrahepatic vascular inflammation and obstruction was a histopathological characteristics of liver cirrhosis of chronic hepatitis B;(2)The lesions of vascular inflammation caused the vascular obstruction and induced the proliferations of venous and fiber;(3)The blood vessel of hyperplasia revolved round the liver cell into the irregular cell circular(tiny node).The tiny node settled the composition base in the interest of pseudolobuli formation;(4)The blood vessel of hyperplasia once more inflammation,blocking,fiber deposit constituted the fiber brings,pseudolobuli formation.Conclusion The vascular obstruction,inflammation has a closely relationship with the pseudolobuli formation in liver tissues with chronic hepatitis.

Objective To study the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) and bFGF mRNA in pathological process of hepatic vascular proliferation, reconstruction and fibrosis in the patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB). Methods Immunohistochemical staining(bFGF)and hybridization in situ(bFGF mRNA)were performed in 120 cases of liver tissues of CHB. Results Strongly positive expression ratio of bFGF on hepatic vessels and hepatic sinusoidal walls were increased with the exacerbation of degeneration, necrosis of hepatocytes and hepatic vascular diseases( P

Objective To study the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and proliferation of hepatic blood vessel and fibrosis in hepatitis B (HB) patients. Methods The total RNA of VEGF was extracted from human liver tissues, and VEGF mRNA probe was acquired by RT-PCR. It was then labeled on hepatic tissues of 160 patients with HB and 10 healthy individuals (control group). Immunohistochemistry of VEGF was performed at the same time. Results The results of hybridization in situ showed that VEGF mRNA was negative in the control group. While in the HB groups, VEGF mRNA was located in the hepatic sinusoids, Disse′s space and hepatocyte cytoplast around the dilated sinusoids. Immunohistochemistry showed that VEGF was expressed in three patterns: the cytoplasm, sinusoid membrane, and sinusoidal endothelium. The expression strength and distribution range of VEGF were closely related with the grading and staging of HB, hepatic vascular inflammation, destruction, obstruction, proliferation and fibrosis. There was remarkable difference between different liver pathological changes (P

Objective To observe the effects of intrabepatic injection with bepatocyte growth factor and dexamethason on stereological quantitative changes of hepatic sinusoidal tissues and expression of IV-collagen on hepatic sinusoidal walls of patients with hepatic cirrhosis.Methods Under the guide of hypersound,98 cases of hepatic cirrhosis were intrahepatic injected with 80mg hepatocyte growth factor and 1mg dexamethason at one time,twice a week,12 times a course,pathological changes of hepatic sinusoidal tissues and the expression of IV-coliagen on hepatic sinusoidal walls were detected by liver biopsy after one course.Results Pathological changes of hepatic sinusoidal tissues were improved obviously(P＜0.01 ) and the expression of IV-collagen was alleviated significantly(P＜0.01 ) on 98cases of hepatic cirrhosis after one course.Conclusion Pathological changes of hepatic sinusoidal tissues and the expression of IV-collagen on hepatic sinusoidal wails can be improved obviously on patients with hepatic cirrhosis who had been intrahepatic injected with hepatocyte growth factor and dexamethason under the guide of hypersound.

Objective:To develop a method for the quantitative determination of ambrisentan. Methods: 1 H NMR spectra were obtalned with a Bruker AscendTM 400 superconducting NMR spectrometer. For each sample, DMSO-D6 was used as the solvent, the pulse width was 10. 0 μs, the delay time was 5 s and the scanning time was 16. Results: The proton peaks of ambrisentan at δ6. 16 ppm and maleic acid atδ6. 28 ppm were used as the quantitative peaks. The linear regression equation of peak area and quality ratio was Y=0. 140 7X+0. 034 8 with the correlation coefficient of 0. 999 4. RSD was 0. 2%(n=6)in the repeated experiments. The absolute content of ambrisentan reference substance was 99. 9%. Conclusion: The results showed that 1 H NMR can be used in the quantitative determination of ambrisentan without reference substance. The method is reliable, rapid, accurate and simple.

Objective To compare the efficacy of MRI and DSA in assessment of carotid artery stenosis and atherosclerotic plaque.Methods Forty-six patients with carotid plaque detected by ultrasound were enrolled in this study,and 89 carotid arteries were evaluated by MRI and DSA.MRI examination was acquired with 3.0 T MR scanner and 8 channel phase-array surface coil.The MRI sequences consisted of pre-and post-contrast T1WI,T2WI,PDWI,TOF.Anterior-posterior and lateral views of carotid artery were performed on DSA.The degree of carotid artery stenosis was evaluated by the NASCET standard.Fibrous cap rupture,intraplaque hemorrhage,and calcification were also evaluated on MRI and DSA.Statistical comparison was performed with the Kappa value and paired Chi-square test.Results The degree of carotid artery stenosis was 50％ (16％-78％) on MRI and 47％ (7％-73％) on DSA.Two imaging modalities were in good consistency in evaluation of the degree of stenosis ( Kappa =0.882,P ＜ 0.01 ).There was statistical difference in detecting fibrous cap rupture by MRI and DSA (34 vessels vs 10 vessels,respectively,x2 =20.346,P ＜ 0.01 ).Furthermore,thirty-seven vessels with intraplaque hemorrhage and 71 vessels with calcification in the plaque were found on MRI but none on DSA.Conclusion MRI is a reliable tool in assessment of the degree of the carotid stenosis and it is superior to DSA in detecting fibrous cap rupture,intraplaque hemorrhage,and calcification.

BACKGROUND:Surgical management of sternoclavicular joint dislocation takes relatively larger risks for its adjacent mediastinal and other important structures. However, the surgical methods are varied and remain controversial.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility and validity of intramedul ary fixation of the proximal clavicle and sternum for sternoclavicular joint dislocation.
METHODS:On 22 adult cadaver upper limb specimens, the anatomical features of the sternoclavicular joints and associated ligaments, the size of articular surface between the medial clavicle and manubrium and the morphology of articular disc, costoclavicular ligament and sternoclavicular ligament were observed and measured. From January 2009 to July 2012, three patients with sternoclavicular joint dislocation received the intramedul ary fixation with wire rope or absorbable suture in figure-of-eight shape. They were males, aged 9, 45 and 62 years, with an average age of 38.6 years. The outcome was evaluated by upper limb function DASH score.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Anatomic results demonstrated that the anteroposterior and coronal diameters of the surface of the medial clavicle were greater than that of the sternum, so they did not match each other. The minimum thickness of the manubrium sterni was at the superior margin of articular surface and the largest was at the sternal angle. The minimum width of the manubrium sterni was at the superior margin of articular surface and the largest was at the inferior margin. The articular disc, liked an el ipse and matched with the articulating surface of the manubrium sterni more, whose anteroposterior diameter was greater than its coronal diameter. Central thickness was greater than the edge thickness. The costoclavicular ligament was thicker and denser than the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament. The anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments were close in length, width and thickness. Clinical trial results demonstrated that al cases were fol owed up for 14 to 36 months. DASH score was 10-16, 13.3 in average. Effects of internal fixation were satisfactory. Surgical management of sternoclavicular joint dislocation by the fixation of the proximal clavicle and sternum through the intramedul ary cavity with wire rope or absorbable suture is reliable and effective.

In order to improve quality of molecular pharmacognosy teaching, the open experiment is applied. Under the guidance of tutors, students conduct the whole experiment independently. Students' abilities of independent thinking and comprehensive-experimental conduction were enhanced in the open experiment. Meanwhile, the authors discuss the problems of open experiment and propose some reflection and suggestions.
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