Objective: To understand the hepatitis B (HB) infection status among healthy people of Tianmen city, and to evaluate the effect of undertaking vaccination against hepatitis B, and to direct the work of HB prevention and control. Methods: Multi-stage random sampling was applied to 5 among the 27 townships of Tianmen city, 398 and 1 756 persons of age between 1 and 59 years were sampled in 2006 and 2012, respectively, blood samples were collected, HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb were tested by ELISA; database was established with Epidata 3.1 and data were processed and analyzed by SPSS 13.0. Results: The infection rates among the healthy people aged between one year and 59 years in 2006 and 2012 were 38.44% and 19.25% respectively with significant difference (χ²=67.92, P=0.000); HBsAg carrying rate was 8.04% and 6.09% without statistical significance (χ²=2.04, P=0.15). However, Results of age groups between 1 to 8 years old, 9 to 19 years old, and 20 to 59 years old in the same year showed that the HBsAg positive rates had very significant difference (χ²=24.56, P=0.000 in 2006; χ2=78.29, P=0.000 in 2012), and that the HBsAb positive rates were 72.86% and 57.23% with significant difference (χ²=26.96, P=0.000), while the HBeAg positive rates were 1.76% and 0.63%, and the HBeAb positive rates were 6.03% and 4.61%, and the HBcAb positive rates were 38.44% and 19.02%. Conclusions In 2012, the HB infection status among healthy people of Tianmen city declined sharply, the number of people infected infected with HB decreased as compared with 6 years before. Undertaking HB vaccination and the HB prevention and control strategies protected the susceptible population, and remarkable achievements were obtained.

Objective To investigate the effects of tea-polyphenols on diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice by regulating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf-2/ARE) signaling pathway. Methods A total of ten male 9-week-old normal (db/m) mice were randomly and equally divided into blank control group and tea-polyphenol control group, and ten male 9-week-old homologous type 2 diabetes (db/db) mice were randomly divided into model group and tea polyphenol treatment group. The animals in the tea-polyphenol control group and the treatment group were given 50 mg/(kg·d) tea-polyphenols by oral gavage, and the animals in the blank control group and model group were given same volume of double distilled water. The administration was once a day for 8 weeks. The blood glucose and 24-hour urine protein quantization (24 h-UP) were measured and recorded at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of the treatment, the mice were sacrificed. The intraocular blood stasis samples were collected for renal function indicators (serum creatinine and urea nitrogen), and kidney tissue samples were also collected for the tests of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde. Periodic acid Schiff reaction (PAS) staining was used to observe glomerular injury and scored. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Nrf-2 and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein. Results Compared with the blank control group, the blood glucose and 24 h-UP of the mice in the model group and the tea-polyphenol treatment group increased after 4 and 8 weeks of the treatment (all P<0.01). Compared with the blank control group, after 8 weeks of the treatment, the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen of the model group and the tea-polyphenol treatment group increased (all P<0.01), the content of SOD in the renal tissue decreased (all P<0.01), the content of active oxygen and malondialdehyde, the relative expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1 protein increased (all P<0.01), and the glomerular injury aggravated (all P<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in all the indexes between the tea-polyphenol control group and the blank control group (all P>0.05). Conclusions Renal tissue of DN mice will undergo significant oxidative stress injury. Tea-polyphenols may reduce the oxidative stress injury in DN mice by regulating the Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway, and play a protective role in the kidney.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of ulinastatin combined with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) transplantation on renal tissue in rats with endotoxic shock.Methods:20 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly selected as normal group from 108 Sprague Dawley rats. The remaining 88 rats were treated with 2 ml lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg) via tail intravenous injection to establish endotoxic shock model. The established 80 model rats were randomly divided into model group, ADSCs group, ulinastatin group and combination group (ulinastatin combined with ADSCs). All the rats were treated once a day for 3 days. Three days after transplantation, the renal tissues of each group were stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe the pathological changes. The distribution of CM-Dil labeled ADSCs in the kidney of rats was observed by fluorescence microscope. The levels of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), nitric oxide (NO), creatinine and urea nitrogen in rat serum were measured. The reverse transcription PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the level of Bax and Caspase-3 in rat kidney tissue. Three days after transplantation, inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis were occasionally seen in model group. Compared with the model group, the kidney damage in the ADSCs group and the ulinastatin group was significantly reduced, and kidney damage in the combined group was the least.Results:CM-Dil-labeled positive cells were found by microscope in the ADSCs group and the combined group, while CM-Dil-labeled ADSCs were not found in the kidney tissues of the normal group, model group and ulinastatin group. Compared with the normal group, the levels of NOS, NO, creatinine and urea nitrogen in the model group were significantly increased (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of NOS, NO, creatinine and urea nitrogen in the ADSCs group, the ulinastatin group and the combination group were significantly increased (all P<0.05), in which the combined group has a further reduction in these related protein levels than the ADSCs group and the Ulinastatin group (all P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 in the kidney tissues of the model group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (all P<0.05). The Bax and Caspase levels in the kidney tissues of the ADSCs group, Ulinastatin group and combination group -3 mRNA and protein expression were significantly lower than those of the model group (all P<0.05), in which the combined group has a further reduction in these related protein levels than the ADSCs group and the Ulinastatin group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Ulinastatin combined with ADSCs transplantation has a protective effect on kidney damage caused by endotoxin shock, which may be related to alleviating renal cell injury.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience with emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (ECABG) for management of acute coronary syndrome and analyze the mid-term follow-up results.

METHODSForty-five ECABG surgeries were performed in 34 male and 11 female patients (aged 65.6∓5.8 years) for cardiogenic shock (5 cases), acute heart failure (6 cases) and refractory unstable angina (34 cases). Twenty patients received the operation within one week after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 18 were preoperatively supported by intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP). All patients had triple-vessel disease and 15 had left main stenosis. Ten patients experienced two myocardial infarctions and 6 had chronic renal dysfunction including two requiring hemodialysis. On-pump operations were performed in all cases with a mean CPB time of 104.2∓29.7 min and cross clamping time of 69.0∓21.3 min. Cold blood or HTK cardioplegia was used for myocardial protection. The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was routinely anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery (LAD), and the great saphenous vein (GSV) to other target vessels. The mean number of grafts was 2.9∓0.6.

RESULTSForty-one patients were cured and discharged and 4 patients died with an in-hospital mortality of 8.9%, including one associated with cardiac event (2.2%). IABP was weaned off within 28.5∓10.6 h after surgery except for one patient who died of multiple organ and system failure (MOSF). Thirty-eight patients (92.7%) were followed up for a mean of 37.3∓16.7 months, during which 2 patients died with a mid-term survival rate of 94.7%. Thirty-five (92.1%) patients had New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I and II. The freedom from cardiac event was 90.5%. Follow-up echocardiography showed significantly improved left ventricular dimension and ejection fraction in these cases (P<0.05), and graft patency was 95.8% for the LIMA and 90.5% for the GSV.

CONCLUSIONDespite a slight increase of the in-hospital mortality, ECABG can improve the mid-term survival, freedom from cardiac event, and cardiac function when the indications and timing for surgery are well controlled with optimal perioperative management.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; surgery ; Aged ; Angina, Unstable ; Aortic Valve ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping ; Male ; Mammary Arteries ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome