[Objective]To investigate the effect of injectable xuebijing on macrophage ofimervertebral disc hernial tissue.[Method]The pigs were used as animal models after surgery in the intervertebral disc.Macrophage in herniated disc tissue were observed with the immunohistochemical method after it was treated by injectable xuebijing.[Result]Macrophage were found in 11 of 16 herniated disc tissue in the model group,were found in 7 of 16 herniated disc tissue in the low dose xuebijing group,and were found in 6 of 16 herniated disc tissue in the high dose xuebijing group,compared to the model group,all P

Objective To explore the advantages of computer assisted total knee arthroplasty(TKA)by comparing the post-operative 1 year short term effect of the computer assisted TKA and the conventional TKA .Methods A total of 60 patients from September 2013 to September 2014 were randomly divided into two groups and performed TKA by adopting the computer-assisted technology and the conventional technology respectively .The KSS score ,WOMAC score ,Oxford score and long-leg weight-bearing X-ray before operation and at postoperative 1 year were performed for each case and the statistical analysis was conducted . Results All cases were followed up for an average of 12 months (12—14 months) .The mechanical limb axis in the navigation as-sisted group was —0 .033o± 1 .470o ,which in the traditional group was 0 .600o± 2 .989o(t= —1 .711 ,P<0 .05);the proportions of within 3o varus/valgus force lines were 86 .70% and 73 .30% respectively ,the KSS scores were 88 .80 ± 3 .71 and 82 .63 ± 4 .15;the postoperative WOMAC scores were 23 .57 ± 3 .64 and 30 .00 ± 4 .89 respectively ;the Oxford scores were 18 .53 ± 3 .66 and 21 .83 ± 3 .99 ,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0 .005) .Conclusion TKA by computer navigation guidance can obtain more accurate lower limb force lines ,moreover the navigation group has more advantages in the clinical rehabili-tation effect .

Objective To investigate the genetic characteristic of whole-genome of influenza A/H3N2 viruses in severe acute respiratory infection cases in Beijing area.Methods From 2014 to 2016,the viral RNA was extracted from 32 strains isolated from SARI cases,then sequenced by Ion Torrent PGM Sequencer.The phylogeny and molecular features of whole-genome were analyzed by Mega and Consurf software.Results The HA gene of tested strains isolated in 2014-2015 influenza season belonged to lineage 3C.3a and 3C.2a,while those isolated in 2015-2016 influenza season belonged to cluster 3C.2a.Moreover,compared with the vaccine strains,7 variant amino acids of protein of HA1 were identified,and two of them were located in antigenic sites.All isolates were sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors while showed resistance to blockers for M2 ion channel.Conclusion The phylogenetic features of isolates studied in this study are similar with that of current circulating strains.However,the difference between isolates and vaccines should not be overlooked.

Objective To study the impacts of alcohol dependence on the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam. Meth?ods Kunming mice (n=36) were divided into 3 groups (n=12 in each group), Alcohol Dependence Group(A group), Diaze?pam Group(D group)and Normal Saline Group(N group). A group received an intraperitoneal injection with a 0.2 mL dose of 0.8%alcohol in NS (normal saline) , while both D and N group received an injection with a 0.2 mL dose of NS without alco?hol , twice a day. Mice’s autonomic activities were monitored every day. After 7 days, the electroconvulsive experiment was performed. Both A and D group were given a weight-based dose of 0.05 mL/10 g of 0.05%diazepam via intraperitoneal injec? tion, while N group was given a 0.05 mL/10 g dose of NS. Before administration and after 15, 30, 60 min of administration, the convulsion threshold of each group was measured. Results The count of autonomic activity of mice in A group was less than that of mice in D and N group during the 2nd day to 6th day(P<0.05). On the 1st and 7th day, the difference of the count of autonomic activity of mice between A group and the other two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The convulsion threshold of mice in A group was higher than that of mice in D and N group before administration(P<0.05). Af?ter administration, the convulsion threshold of mice in N group didn’t show statistically significant difference from that of mice before administration(P>0.05). After 15 min of administration, the convulsion threshold of mice in D group was high?er than that of mice in A and N group(P<0.05), while the convulsion threshold of mice in A group was higher than that of mice in N group(P<0.05). After 30 min and 60 min of administration, both the convulsion thresholds of mice in A and D group were higher than that of mice in N group(P<0.05). However, at this point, the difference of the convulsion thresholds of mice between A and D group was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusion Alcohol dependence has anticon?vulsant effect. Alcohol dependence weakens the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam.

Objective To explore the relationship between superantigen and M protein gene (emm)-types genes of Group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) isolated from patients with scarlet fever in Beijing from May 2012 to July 2013 .Methods GAS was isolated from specimens of patients with scarlet fever . Superantigen genes (speA ,speB ,speC ,speF ,speG ,speH ,speI ,speJ ,speL ,speK ,speM ,ssa ,and smeZ) ,and emm gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction .Rate and proportion were compared by chi-square test .Results Of the 423 GAS strains isolated from patients with scarlet fever from 2012 to 2013 ,most of the isolates possessed speB (97 .6% ) ,speC (99 .8% ) ,speF (98 .3% ) ,speG (99 .8% ) , smeZ (94 .1% ) and ssa (88 .4% ) ,and some of them possessed speH (54 .6% ) ,speI (53 .4% ) ,speA (45 .2% ) and speJ (43 .5% ) ,but very few isolates possessed speK (2 .4% ) ,speL (1 .4% ) and speM (1 .7% ) .Type emm12 (59 .5% ) and type emm1 (37 .4% ) were the main types of GAS .Most of the emm12-type isolates possessed speH (84 .8% ) and speI (84 .0% ) compared with only 4 .0% of speH and 3 .4% of speI in type emm1 .Most of type emm1 possessed speA (95 .3% ) and speJ gene (94 .6% ) compared with only 17 .3% of speA and 14 .8% of speJ in type emm12 .The superantigen genes profiles were significant different between emm 1-type and emm 12-type isolates (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Type emm1 and type emm12 are epidemic strains in patients with scarlet fever from 2012 to 2013 in Beijing ,and emm gene-types are associated with superantigen genes profiles .

Inhibitory cells derived from bone marrow are a kind of inhibitory cells derived from bone marrow.These cells are not only related to tumor growth,but also participate in the inflammatory immune process.Therefore,we established a rat model of chronic osteomyelitis,and used gemcitabine to inhibit the cell growth ratio of MDSCs.We detected the ratio of MDSCs in bone marrow and spleen of rats by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence,detected the changes of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood by ELISA,and analyzed the inflammatory factors(TNF-α,PCT,IL-4,IL-10,IL-11)in peripheral blood of normal rats,osteomyelitis rats and rats after gemcitabine inhibition.The results showed that the proportion of MDSCs cells in bone marrow and spleen of osteomyelitis model rats was increased,but it was significantly decreased in gemcitabine group(P<0.05).Levels of inflammatory factors(TNF-α,PCT,IL-4,IL-10,IL-17,IFN-γ,TGF-β)were positively correlated with the change of MDSCs cell proportion(P<0.05).From the results,it can be inferred that the change of the proportion of MDSCs cells in rat osteomyelitis is positively related to the inflammatory factors,and gemcitabine can reduce inflammatory factors by inhibiting MDSCs.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)are heterogeneous immature bone marrow cells with immunosuppres-sive effects.In recent years,with the in-depth study of the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs,MDSCs have attracted much atten-tion in autoimmune diseases autoimmune disease(AD).In AD,MDSCs are significantly activated and amplified and regulate the im-mune response of the body through different mechanisms,thus promoting or inhibiting the development of the disease.Therefore,only by deepening the research on the specific role and mechanism of MDSCs in autoimmune diseases can we better clarify MDSCs and provide a positive role for the clinical transformation of the treatment of AD.This paper reviews the immunosuppressive mechanism of MDSCs and their roles in different AD.

BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis is a disease in which bone density and structure are destroyed and fractures are caused by increased bone fragility,leading to high clinical disability and mortality rates. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress in the role of bone immunity in physiological and pathological processes related to bone metabolism,providing ideas for the research and clinical application of bone immunity in bone diseases. METHODS:The first author searched PubMed and CNKI databases in November 2022 for relevant literature using the keywords of"osteoimmunology,immuno-skeletal interface,bone metabolism,skeletal metabolism,lymphocyte,immune factor"in English and Chinese,respectively.The time range of retrieval was mainly from January 2010 to November 2022,and a small number of classical long-term literatures were included.After reading the topic and abstract for preliminary screening and excluding repetitive studies,low-quality journals and unrelated literature,81 documents were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Osteoimmunology refers to that bone and immune cells share the same microenvironment and interact with each other to jointly perform the"bone immune system,"which includes all cells in the bone marrow.Immuno-skeletal interface has protective effects on bone under physiological conditions,but it may lead to bone destruction under pathological conditions.Osteoprotegerin is mainly derived from B cells and can inhibit osteoclast metabolism.However,when the body is in an inflammatory state,T cells and B cells work together to promote bone resorption.In addition,interleukin-1,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α regulate the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in vivo and affect bone metabolism.In most clinical diseases(such as rheumatoid arthritis,estrogen deficiency,HIV infection,and hyperparathyroidism),the immuno-skeletal interface interacts with the bone immune system,resulting in the regulation of bone metabolism.In terms of clinical prospect,the interaction between bone immunity and bone metabolism should be studied in order to propose new strategies for therapeutic intervention to reduce the risk of fracture.

BACKGROUND: Meshes play a crucial role in hernia repair. However, the displacement of mesh inevitably leads to various associated complications. This process is difficult to be traced by conventional imaging means. The purpose of this study is to create a contrast-enhanced material with high-density property that can be detected by computed tomography (CT). METHODS: The contrast-enhanced monofilament was manufactured from barium sulfate nanoparticles and medical polypropylene (PP/Ba). To characterize the composite, stress tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. Toxicity and biocompatibility of PP/Ba materials was verified by in vitro cellular assays. Meanwhile, the inflammatory response was tested by protein adsorption assay. In addition, an animal model was established to demonstrate the long-term radiographic effect of the composite material in vivo. Subsequent pathological tests confirmed its in vivo compatibility. RESULTS: The SEM revealed that the main component of the monofilament is carbon. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that novel material does not affect cell activity and proliferation. Protein adsorption assays indicated that the contrast-enhanced material does not cause additional inflammatory responses. In addition, in vivo experiments illustrated that PP/Ba mesh can be detected by CT and has good in vivo compatibility. CONCLUSION These results highlight the excellent biocompatibility of the contrast-enhanced material, which is suitable for human abdominal wall tissue engineering.

Objective:To understand the epidemic situation of Redondoviridae in Beijing and analyze its epidemiologic characteristics.Methods:Pharyngeal swab samples of healthy people and patients with acute respiratory infection in Beijing, including influenza like cases and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases in hospitals were collected. Real time PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid of Redondoviridae. The positive samples were amplified and sequenced to analyze their species. The age and sex distribution of patients and species distribution of Redondoviridae were obtained through statistical analysis. Multiplex PCR was used to detect other common respiratory pathogens in the positive samples of Redondoviridae in influenza like cases and SARI cases, and the pathogenicity of Redondoviridae was analyzed.Results:The positive rates of Redondoviridae in healthy people and acute respiratory infection cases were 20.48% (189/923) and 11.23% (43/390), respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The positive rate of male was higher than that of female in the healthy population, and the positive rate of the elderly group was higher than that of the adult group and the underage group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The positive rate of male patients with acute respiratory tract infection was higher than that of female patients, but there was no significant difference. The proportion of Vientovirus in the positive samples of Redondoviridae was higher than that of Brisavirus, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Among the throat swabs of respiratory tract infection cases, 43 were positive for Redondoviridae, of whom 24 were not detected for other pathogens. Conclusions:Redondoviridae widely exists in healthy people of all age groups in Beijing, and is also found in acute respiratory infection cases. The positive rate of Redondoviridae is different in different ages and genders. Both Vientovirus and Brisavirus were detected, and the proportion of Vientovirus was significantly higher than Brisavirus.