To simplify the macrocyclic fragment and to modify the zinc binding group of the natural product apicidin, two series of S-hexyl (heptyl) ethanethioate derivatives were designed and synthesized. Twenty-six compounds were synthesized and confirmed with 1H NMR, IR, MS and HR-MS spectrum, which were not reported. Take vorinostat as control, their antiporliferative activities against cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HL-60, were tested with MTT assay or trypan blue staining method. Generally in both series it was found that, the chiral carbon atom at 7 position is not necessary, compounds II-1, II-3, II-6 and II-13 showed good activity on HL-60 cells in vitro, with the IC50 values less than 10 micromol x L(-1). II-7 and II-8 showed stronger activity against MCF-7 than Vorinostat, with the IC50 of 3.19 and 6.29 micromol x L(-1), respectively.

There are still differences in the surgical treatment of children with pulmonary atresia(PA-VSD) with ventricular septal defect. The high rate of postoperative complications and reoperation intervention is still a problem that plagues surgeons. There are few reports on the understanding of the anatomy and physiological functions of MAPCAs. This article systematically reviews and analyzes domestic and foreign literature, and reviews the anatomical classification, surgical management strategies and related complications of PA-VSD patients.

Objective To investigate the role of homologous genes absent from the wings of drosophila melanogaster(Notch)signaling pathway in the imbalance of helper T cells 1(Th1)and helper T cells 2(Th2)and the intervention mechanism of Qizhi Zhoufei Granule in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Ten of seventy Wistar rats were selected as the blank control group,and the other rats were established by cigarette smoking combined(CS)with tracheal infusion of lipopolysaccharide(LPS).The COPD model was established by randomly selecting 3 rats in the control group and the model group to verify the success of the model.At the end of modeling,gavage administration was performed.The rats in the model group were randomly divided into model control group,positive control group(67.5 μg·kg-1)and Qizhi Zhoufei Granule high,medium and low treatment group(3.24,1.62,0.81 g·kg-1).Each group was treated with normal saline,dexamethasone acetate suspension and Qizhi Zhoufei Granule suspension at high,medium and low doses.The rats in the blank control group were given the same volume of normal saline as the model control group.After modeling with 28 days and treatment with 28 days,peak inspiratory flow(PIF)and peak expiratory flow(PEF)were detected by the animal lung function test system.Rats were killed to extract lungs,spleen,serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes of lung tissues.The level of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in serum and BALF was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Flow cytometry was used to detect Th1/Th2 cells in spleen.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)and western blot were used to detect Notch1,Hes1 and Hey1 protein levels in lung tissues.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-Time PCR)was used to detect Notch1,Hes1 and Hey1 gene expression levels in lung tissues.Result Compared with the blank control group,the lung function of the model control group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),inflammatory cell infiltration and bronchial structure destruction occurred in the lung tissue,TNF-α content in serum and BALF increased significantly(P<0.05),the percentage of spleen Th1 cells was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the percentage of Th2 cells was significantly increased(P<0.05),the protein and mRNA expressions of Notch1,Hes1 and Hey1 in lung tissues were significantly increased(P<0.05),the differences were statistically significant;Compared with the model control group,the lung function of rats in each administration group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the pathological injury of lung tissue was alleviated,TNF-α content in serum and BALF decreased significantly(P<0.05),the percentage of spleen Th1 cells was significantly increased(P<0.05),the percentage of Th2 cells was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the lung tissue of Notch1,Hes1,Hey1 protein and mRNA expression were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion Qizhi Zhoufei Granule regulate Th1/Th2 balance by inhibiting Notch signaling pathway,thereby improving pulmonary function and pathological injury,and affecting immune function in COPD rats.

Objective To summarize the treatment experience and strategies of patients with acute type A aortic dissection involving coronary arteries in order to improve the efficacy of such patients.Methods Between March 2013 and April 2016,we recruited 37 patients with coronary involvement caused by acute type A aortic dissection,26 men,11 women;mean age (49.7 ± 10.4) years.All procedures were done on an emergency basis within 24 hours after the patient's arrival.Results Acute type A aortic dissection with coronary involvement is a more complex operation associated with high in-hospital mortality(18.9％,7/37) and low short-term survival(64.9％,13/37).There were 9 patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft after completion of the root procedure because of ventricular wall motion abnormality(7 patients) and new ST-segment elevation (2 patients) during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass.Four of them were survival during follow-up due to the success from rescue coronary artery bypass graft.Conclusion Acute type A aortic dissection with coronary involvement is associated with high in-hospital mortality and low short-term survival.If patients suffered abnormal ventricular wall motion or new ST-segment elevation during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass,rescue coronary artery bypass graft is essential to salvage these critically ill patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is characterized by long treatment course and poor prognosis. The pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated but is mostly related to the non-specific inflammation of the airway and surrounding tissues. T helper 1 （Th1） and T helper 2 （Th2） are generated by CD4⁺ T cell differentiation， and are in a dynamic equilibrium when the body is in normal state. The balance between pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines regulated by Th1/Th2 is vital for maintaining the immune homeostasis in respiratory tract. Chronic inflammatory state changes the level of inflammatory cells in the body， and there is immune disorder in T lymphocytes in the onset stage of COPD. Th1 cells are predominantly expressed in the stable stage of COPD， while Th2 cells are predominantly expressed in the acute exacerbations of COPD （AECOPD）. Th1/Th2 immune imbalance aggravates the inflammatory reaction， and thus restoring the immune balance between them and inhibiting the inflammatory reaction are critical for the treatment of COPD. At present， there has been no satisfactory treatment plan for COPD. Chinese medicine has a long history of preventing and treating COPD， with remarkable curative effect and few adverse reactions. A large number of animal experiments and clinical studies on Chinese medicine intervention of Th1/Th2 immune balance in COPD have indicated that Th1/Th2 immune balance is an important potential target for treating COPD by Chinese medicine， which can correct chronic inflammatory state by regulating the immune disorder of the body. It has also been found that Th1/Th2 balance plays an important immunoregulatory role in inflammatory response， but little is known about its specific mechanism in the pathogenesis of COPD. On this basis， this paper summarized and analyzed the biological characteristics of Th1/Th2 and their mechanism in the pathogenesis of COPD， as well as the intervention effect of single Chinese medicine or its effective components and Chinese medicine compound on Th1/Th2 immune balance in COPD. It further explored the pathogenesis of COPD and the potential therapeutic targets of Chinese medicine in interfering with Th1/Th2 immune balance in COPD， providing reference for further study on prevention and treatment of COPD with Chinese medicine.