Objective:To compare the immunogenity of the AST artificial antigen with two different carrier proteins, bovine serum albumin(BSA) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin(KLH).Methods: The hapten Astragaloside Ⅳ(AST) was linked to carrier protein BSA or KLH as immunogen,and linked ovalbumin(OVA) as coating antigen by the sodium periodate method.Then the 6-8 weeks BALB/c mice were immunized with AST-BSA or AST-KLH.The titer and specificity of the antiserum were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( iELISA ) and indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( icELISA ) respectively.Results:The antiserum of the mice immunized with AST-KLH had better specificity than which immunized with AST-BSA.The IC50 of AST-KLH antiserum was about 5 μg/ml in the detection by icELISA.The high titer of both antiserums was about 1∶51 200 after immunizing mouse.Conclusion:The conjugate of AST-KLH was testified to have a better immunogenity in comparison with AST-BSA,this investigation would be the foundation of the further research of AST immunoassay.

This study was aimed to diffuse the lung and promote urination for the observation of cardiopulmonary re-lated index change of cor pulmonale rats to further explore the treatment effect on the pulmonary function, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and the influence of right heart hypertrophy of rats, in order to further illustrate the ef-fect of diffusing the lung and promoting urination for cor pulmonale. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group, model group and Xiao-Qing-Long decoction (XQLD) group with 20 rats in each group. The AniRes2003 animal lung function analysis system was applied to measure the pulmonary function of rats. And the multi-guide physiological recorder was used in the recording of the pulmonary artery pressure of rats. The conven-tional weighing method was applied to calculate and obtain the change of right heart hypertrophy. The results showed that compared to the control group, symptoms in the model group became severe obviously, which include reduced activity, slow movement and occasional airway sputum sound, and the right heart hypertrophy index of the model group increased obviously (P < 0.01). Compared to the model group, the pulmonary function and pulmonary artery pressure of the XQLD group have obvious difference (P< 0.05). It was concluded that to diffuse the lung and pro-mote urination can effectively improve the pulmonary function, PAH and the right heart hypertrophy index of rats with cor pulmonale (fluid retention). The effect of this method is definite in the treatment of cor pulmonale.

Objective To analyze the causes for the failures after posterior pedicle screw instrumentation for thoracolumbar fractures.Methods From June 2003 to December 2014,182 patients with thoracolumbar fracture were treated by fixation through the posterior approach using pedicle screws and fully followed up in our institute.We analyzed the cases of postoperative infection,recovery of neural symptoms,breakage and loosening of pedicle screws and connecting rod,non-union of the fractured vertebra,and correction loss of kyphosis in associations with the AO classification and Loading Sharing Classification of Spine Fracture (LSCSF) system,osteoporosis,intervertebral disc injury and methods of internal fixation.Results In this series,altogether 27 cases failed(14.8％).The rate of postoperative infection was 1.1％ (2/182).The rate of breakage of pedicle screw or connecting rod was 7.7％ (14/182).The implant breakage rates for fractures of AO types A1,A2 and A3.1 were significantly lower than for other types (P ＜ 0.05).The implant breakage rate for the patients with ≤6 LSCSF points was significantly lower than for those with ≥7 LSCSF points (P ＜ 0.05).The implant breakage occurred in 3 cases of those who underwent fixation of one normal vertebra respectively below and above the two contiguous segments but not in those who underwent additional fixation of the injured vertebrae.The rate of screw loosening was 2.2％ (4/182).The non-union rate of the injured vertebra was 2.7％ (5/182).The rate of kyphosis recurrence was 1.1％ (2/182).Conclusions To prevent the failure of posterior pedicle screw fixation,surgeons should pay more attention to the following key points before operation:the type and evaluation of spinal fractures,a proper approach and method of internal fixation,and the weight bearing capability of the anterior column.

Objective To assess the value of shear-wave elastic modulus for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions using Meta-analysis.Methods Relevant Chinese and foreign articles about shear-wave elastography for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions were collected from the literatures published before Apr.2016.Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the overall ability of the shear wave elastic modulus including Emax,Emea,Eratio and Esd.Results Totally 31 studies were brought into the Meta-analysis.The summarized sensitivity (SSEN) and summarized specificity (SSPE) of Emax were 0.87(95％CI [0.83,0.91]) and 0.91 (95％CI [0.87,0.93]).The SSEN and SSPE of Emea were 0.84 (95％CI [0.77,0.89]) and 0.88 (95％CI [0.84,0.91]),The SSEN and SSPE of Eratio were 0.88(95％CI [0.83,0.91]) and 0.87 (95％CI [0.80,0.91],the SSEN and SSPE of gsd were 0.85 (95％CI [0.80,0.89]) and 0.90 (95％CI [0.85,0.94]).The summarized receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve of E E Eratio and Esd were 0.95,0.93,0.93 and 0.93.Conclusion The shear wave elastic modulus contribute to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions.Among these indices,Emax is the best one.

OBJECTIVE: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an important molecule in the early stress response of DNA damage, which is involved in DNA damage repair and cellular senescence. Olaparib, as PARP inhibitor, has an anti-tumor effect on high grade serous ovarian cancer, but its effects on cellular senescence have not been reported. This study intends to explore the role of olaparib in the regulation of senescence in ovarian cancer cells. METHODS: The effects of olaparib on the senescence of ovarian cancer cells were detected by using the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) and senescence-associated heterochromatin aggregation (SAHF). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The effect of olaparib on tumor growth was analyzed in a nude mouse xenograft transplantation model. RESULTS: Long-term (6 days) treatment with olaparib (5 μM) significantly inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer cells, leading to arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, significant increase the number of positive SA-β-Gal stained cells and positive SAHF cells. The expression of P16 and retinoblastoma protein (p-RB) were significantly enhanced in SKOV3 cells under olaparib treated, meanwhile, the expression of P53 and p-RB were upregulated in A2780 cells. In OVCAR-3 cells, the expression of P53 was downregulated and p-RB was upregulated. Mice with SKOV3 xenograft transplantation was given olaparib (10 mg/kg/day) via abdominal cavity administration, the tumor volume was reduced (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Continuous low dosage administration of olaparib induced senescence under P16 or P53 dependent manner in ovarian cancer.
Abdominal Cavity ; Aging ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Aging ; Cell Cycle ; DNA Damage ; Flow Cytometry ; Heterochromatin ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Phenotype ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retinoblastoma Protein ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Burden

Objective To study the effect of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) adenosine deaminase activity test (ADA) and tuberculosis antibody test (TB-ab) in diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy.Materials Sixty-three patients with pleurisy were tested for IGRAs,ADA and tuberculosis antibody.Samples of blood were tested.IGRAs,ADA and tuberculosis antibody were diagnosed according to manufacturer' s instructions.Results Either of the method could detect several patients with tuberculous pleurisy.Tuberculosis antibody showed lowest sensitivity and specificity.In our experiments,ADA test only detected 58.14％ of patients,although specificity can be high.We detected highest percentage of tuberculous pleurisy (79.07％) in blood IGRAs,with a specificity of 70％.Conclusion Blood IGRAs are more effective than blood ADA and tuberculosis antibody test,and it is recommend that IGRAs should be used in diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy.

Objective To mine adverse drug event(ADE)signals of doxycycline using the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database,and provide scientific evidence for clinical medication safety.Methods The data from the FAERS database between the first quarter of 2004 and the first quarter of 2024 were extracted.After data cleaning and standardization,ADE reports with doxycycline as the main suspected drug were screened.The system organ class(SOC)of ADE was performed using MedDRA,and the reporting odds ratio method and Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency method were used to mine ADE signals.The information component method was also used to evaluate signal strength.Results A total of 43 126 ADE reports with doxycycline as the primary suspected drug were collected,involving 14 642 patients,with a higher proportion of female patients(57.32％).There were 555 related ADE signals involving 26 SOC,with the top 5 SOC being gastrointestinal disorders,skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders,injuries,poisonings,and procedural complications,psychiatric disorders,and infections and infestations.The top 5 ADE signals with the highest signal intensity were Hatch reaction,sclerosing cholangitis,esophageal ulcer,gastrointestinal mucosal necrosis,and gastrointestinal injury.Among the ADE signals with the strongest signal strength not listed in the package insert,the top five were sclerosing cholangitis,nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,minimal change glomerular nephritis,diabetes insipidus and Sixth cranial nerve paralysis.Conclusion In clinical practice,particular attention should be paid to the frequent ADEs caused by doxycycline,as well as those not yet documented in the package insert,which involve multiple SOC such as renal and urinary disorders,hepatobiliary diseases,blood and lymphatic system disorders,and endocrine disorders.Therefore,clinical pharmacists should play a key role in assisting clinicians to develop and implement prevention plans for ADEs,thereby improving the safety of doxycycline in clinical use.

To introduce a strategy for a case of severe pneumonia complicated with lung abscess caused by Fusobacterium necrotum.The pathogen was not identified,but the patient was still coughing up feverish bloody sputum after being treated with meropenem,linezolid and ornidazole.The results of detection of pathogen metagenomes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by posterior bronchoscopy suggested that the pathogen was Fusobacterium necrophorum,according to the characteristics of bacteria,the dynamic changes of clinical symptoms,liver and kidney function,body temperature and blood picture infection index,combined with the results of bacterial culture/drug sensitivity test,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid NGS and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics of antimicrobial agents,to propose an anti-infective regimen that is strategically adjusted to imipenem cilastatin(1.0 g,ivd,q8h)plus ornidazole(0.5 g,ivd,q12h)for the implementation of pharmaceutical care after adoption by physicians.After 21 days,the patient's severe infection and lung abscess was controlled and patient was discharged.In this case,clinical pharmacists study the bacterial characteristics of Fusobacterium necrotum,review a large number of domestic and foreign literature to track the frontier knowledge of antimicrobial agents,and use their own expertise to provide effective pharmaceutical support for the clinical team,to assist clinical team in the diagnosis and treatment of rare infections,to achieve professional value.

Objective To investigate the effects of Shenqi Tiaoshen Formula(SQTSF)for alleviating airway inflammation in rats with both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and lung-kidney qi deficiency syndrome and explore its therapeutic mechanism.Methods Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,low-,medium-,and high-dose SQTSF groups,and aminophylline(APL)group.In all but the control group,rat models of COPD with lung-kidney qi deficiency syndrome were established and treated with saline,SQTSF or APL via daily gavage as indicated(starting from day 30).The rats were observed for changes in body weight,grip strength,lung function,lung pathology,inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),oxidative stress levels,iron ion metabolism,cellular and mitochondrial ultrastructural changes in the lung tissue,and expressions of Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway and ferroptosis-related proteins.Results The rats in the model group exhibited obvious symptoms of lung-kidney qi deficiency syndrome with significantly decreased body weight,grip strength,and lung function parameters.Examination of the lung tissue revealed showed significant inflammatory cell infiltration and emphysema with obvious bronchial,perivascular,and alveolar inflammation and alveolar destruction,significantly increased IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-13 levels in BALF,and elevated pulmonary oxidative stress levels and Fe2+and total iron ion concentrations.The rat models also showed characteristic ultrastructural changes of ferroptosis in the lung tissue cells under transmission electron microscope and significantly decreased Nrf2,GPX4,and SLC7A11 and increased ACSL4 expressions in the lung tissue.Treatment with SQTSF significantly improved these pathological changes in the rat models with a better effect than APL.Conclusion SQTSF can effectively improve airway inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD rats with lung-kidney qi deficiency possibly by inhibiting ferroptosis via regulating the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of Shenqi Tiaoshen Formula(SQTSF)for alleviating airway inflammation in rats with both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and lung-kidney qi deficiency syndrome and explore its therapeutic mechanism.Methods Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,low-,medium-,and high-dose SQTSF groups,and aminophylline(APL)group.In all but the control group,rat models of COPD with lung-kidney qi deficiency syndrome were established and treated with saline,SQTSF or APL via daily gavage as indicated(starting from day 30).The rats were observed for changes in body weight,grip strength,lung function,lung pathology,inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),oxidative stress levels,iron ion metabolism,cellular and mitochondrial ultrastructural changes in the lung tissue,and expressions of Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway and ferroptosis-related proteins.Results The rats in the model group exhibited obvious symptoms of lung-kidney qi deficiency syndrome with significantly decreased body weight,grip strength,and lung function parameters.Examination of the lung tissue revealed showed significant inflammatory cell infiltration and emphysema with obvious bronchial,perivascular,and alveolar inflammation and alveolar destruction,significantly increased IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-13 levels in BALF,and elevated pulmonary oxidative stress levels and Fe2+and total iron ion concentrations.The rat models also showed characteristic ultrastructural changes of ferroptosis in the lung tissue cells under transmission electron microscope and significantly decreased Nrf2,GPX4,and SLC7A11 and increased ACSL4 expressions in the lung tissue.Treatment with SQTSF significantly improved these pathological changes in the rat models with a better effect than APL.Conclusion SQTSF can effectively improve airway inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD rats with lung-kidney qi deficiency possibly by inhibiting ferroptosis via regulating the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.