Tuberculosis(TB) caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) is a worldwide public health threat.Microbiota in body affects human health and is involved in human diseases, and its clinical importance is begi-nning to be understood.In this review, studies on the relationship between the establishment of Mtb infection and microbiota as well as the development and antibiotic treatment of Mtb infection were discussed.Studies have shown that: (1) microbiota influences the establishment of Mtb infection; (2) co-infection of Helicobacter pylori alters susceptibility to Mtb infection and progression of active TB; (3) microbiota influences the progression of TB by regulating the nutritio-nal, metabolic and immune status of the host; (4) susceptibility to reinfection increases in TB patients treated with antibiotics, possibly due to T-cell epitope depletion of common intestinal non-Mtb Mycobacterium, the effects of antibio-tics are long-term in patients; (5) the occurrence of childhood TB is age-related and many factors such as co-infection and vaccine inoculation increase risk.An in-depth study of the relationship between the microbiota and TB will provide a new perspective on the prevention of TB.

Objective To study the effect of baseline clinical characteristics of elderly female patients on their long-term ischemic cardiovascular events.Methods Of the 614elderly patients admitted to our center from April 2008to July 2010,144elderly female patients were divided into female cardiovascular events group(n=43)and female control group(n=101),470elderly male patients were divided into male cardiovascular events group(n=127)and male control group(n= 343).Their baseline clinical characteristics were compared.The patients were followed up for 4.5-6.7(5.6±0.9)years,during which the relationship between first ever acute ischemic cardiovascular events and their clinical factors were analyzed.Results The incidence of grade 2hypertension,grade 3hypertension and hypercholesterolemia,the ratios of antiplatelet drug therapy,CCB therapy and hypoglycemic drug therapy were significantly higher while the history of smoking was significantly shorter,the incidence of chronic renal insufficiency and the ratios of statins therapy,nitrates therapy and ACEI/ARB therapy were significantly lower in female patients than in male patients.The incidence of chronic renal insufficiency was significantly higher in female cardiovascular events group than in female control group(9.3％vs 1.0％,P=0.03).The age was significantly older,the incidence of CHD,ischemic cerebral stroke,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the ratio of nitrates therapy were significantly higher in male cardiovascular events group than in male control group.Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the endpoint events were related with CHD,grade 2hypertension,grade 3hypertension,hypercholesterolemia,chronic renal insufficiency in female patients(HR=2.56,95％CI:1.19-5.54,P=0.017;HR=3.29,95％ CI:1.14-9.52,P=0.028;HR=2.77,95％CI:1.08-7.12,P=0.034;HR=2.61,95％CI:1.27-5.36,P=0.009;HR=22.70,95％CI:5.22-98.78,P=0.000)and were related with age,CHD and ischemic cerebral stroke in male patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion The effect of baseline clinical characteristics of elderly patients on their long-term ischemic cardiovascular events is different in males and females.The incidence of long-term cardiovascular events is closely related with the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in elderly females.