The aim of this study is to prepare cationic biodegradable dextran microspheres loaded with tetanus toxoid (TT) and to investigate the mechanism of protein loading. Positively charged microspheres were prepared by polymerization of hydroxylethyl methacrylate derivatized dextran (dex-HEMA) and dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) in an aqueous two-phase system. The loading of the microspheres with TT was based on electrostatic attraction. The net positive surface charge increased with increasing amounts of DMAEMA. Confocal images showed fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) could penetrate into cationic dextran microspheres but not natural dextran microspheres. TT loading efficiency by post-loading was higher compared with by pre-loading. Even though TT is incorporated in the hydrogel network based on electrostatic interaction, still a controlled release can be achieved by varying the initial network density of the microspheres.

Objective To investigate imaging manifestations of desmoids-type fibromatoses (DF).Methods The CT and MRI features of 17 cases with DF were reviewed retrospectively.Resuits All of 17 cases were solitary lesions,of which 10 cases were abdominal wall shape,5 cases were abdominal wall type and 2 cases were intra-abdominal (mesentery) type.In all the cases,10 times CT and 10 MRI examinations were performed,of which 3 cases underwent CT and MRI examination.In 10 cases with CTexamination,9 cases of plain scan was density,uniform density,1 cases of abdominal DF scan showed slightly higher local density.Enhanced CT scanning was performed in 5 cases,including 4 cases of mild enhancement,and the other 1 case of intra-abdominal DF showed annular enhancement.2 cases of delayed scan showed progressive enhancement.MRI examination was performed in 10 cases,T1WI were equal signals,9 cases of T2WI and SPIR sequences were high signals,and internal signals were not uniform.One case of internal DF showed patchy,short T2 low signal,and SPIR was low signal.6 cases of DF underwent enhanced scan,the lesions showed moderate and markedly inhomogeneous enhancement,with punctate,funicular and patchy enhancement in the interior zone.Conclusion The CT and MRI features of DF have some characteristics,and MRI can reflect the histological features of lesions.

Objective To investigate imaging manifestations of desmoids-type fibromatoses (DF).Methods The CT and MRI features of 17 cases with DF were reviewed retrospectively.Resuits All of 17 cases were solitary lesions,of which 10 cases were abdominal wall shape,5 cases were abdominal wall type and 2 cases were intra-abdominal (mesentery) type.In all the cases,10 times CT and 10 MRI examinations were performed,of which 3 cases underwent CT and MRI examination.In 10 cases with CTexamination,9 cases of plain scan was density,uniform density,1 cases of abdominal DF scan showed slightly higher local density.Enhanced CT scanning was performed in 5 cases,including 4 cases of mild enhancement,and the other 1 case of intra-abdominal DF showed annular enhancement.2 cases of delayed scan showed progressive enhancement.MRI examination was performed in 10 cases,T1WI were equal signals,9 cases of T2WI and SPIR sequences were high signals,and internal signals were not uniform.One case of internal DF showed patchy,short T2 low signal,and SPIR was low signal.6 cases of DF underwent enhanced scan,the lesions showed moderate and markedly inhomogeneous enhancement,with punctate,funicular and patchy enhancement in the interior zone.Conclusion The CT and MRI features of DF have some characteristics,and MRI can reflect the histological features of lesions.

To evaluate whether the in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) procedures could increases the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) in offspring.
 Methods: A hospital-based prospective cohort design was conducted, which contained a control group of singleton pregnancies with indicators of subfertility who were still conceived naturally after using simple medical treatment (e.g. minimal medical intervention or ovulation induction), and an exposure group consisted of singleton pregnancies who had a history of infertility and IVF-ET treatment. All factors different between two groups in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the independent effect of IVF-ET procedures themselves on APOs.
 Results: After controlling for confounding factors by using multivariate logistic regression analysis, our results showed that pregnancies after IVF-ET experienced a higher risk of preterm birth (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.56), low birth weight (OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.31), perinatal mortality (OR=5.33, 95% CI 2.44 to 11.81), and congenital malformations (OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.94).
 Conclusion: The IVF-ET operational factors may increase the risk of APOs.
Cohort Studies ; Embryo Transfer ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Prospective Studies