Objective To study the complications and prevention methods for the different anterior locking cervical plate systems. Methods One hundred and sixty-seven patients with the cervical spondylotic myelopathy, fracture-dislocations or tumor of the cervical spine were treated using AO, Orion, and SpineTech anterior locking cervical plate systems. The complications related to the different plate systems were observed. Results The complications related to the anterior cervical plate occurred in 19 patients which included protrusion of the fixation screws into disc space,migration of the screws and plate and esophagus fistulae. Most of the complications were caused by improperly technological performance. Conclusion It is important to have correct patient selection and follow the technical principles of the different anterior locking cervical plate systems for the prevention of the complications.

Aim To investigate the effect of acteoside on the changes of immune function and aging process in SAMP8 mice via detecting the proportion of immune cells and the changes of immune factors. Methods Sixty male healthy SAMP8 mice and twelve SAMR1 mice were randomly divided into six groups. They were administered by gavage once a day for 90 days. Aging scoring test was conducted regularly. The immune cells and immune factors in plasma and liver were detected. Results Compared with model group, acteoside could increase CD4+lymphocytes in SAMP8 mice and effectively inhibit the increase of CD8+lymphocytes; it played a greater role in spleen than in peripheral blood. At the same time, Thl/Th2 was significantly reduced in model group, and the ratio of Thl/Th2 factor increased in low and medium dose group. Conclusions Acteoside can increase the number of helper lymphocytes, effectively inhibit the increase of killer lymphocytes, and regulate the dynamic balance of Th1 and Th2 type immune inflammatory factors in SAMP8 mice, so as to improve the immune function of the body and delay the aging process of the body.

Objective To optimize the processing technology of sliced Myristicae Semen. Methods Roasting temperature, roasting time and the amount of bran were set as factors, and the content of total lignans, volatile oil, fatty oil were set as evaluation indicators. The processing technology of sliced Myristicae Semen was optimized by L9(34) orthogonal test. Results The optimal processing technology was as following: 40 g bran plus 100 g sliced Myristicae Semen, roasting for 20 minutes at 110-120 ℃. Conclusion The process is reasonable and reliable, which can provide references for new processing technology of Myristicae Semen.

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen rich water on the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and oxidative stress in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods Ninety healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, TBI group and hydrogen rich water treatment group (HW group), with 30 rats in each group.TBI model was reproduced by the modified Feeney weight dropping method.The skulls of rats in sham operation group underwent only craniotomy without direct hit.The rats in HW group received brain injury by hitting after craniotomy, followed by injection of hydrogen rich water (5 mL/kg) intraperitoneally once a day for 5 days after successful reproduction of the model.The rats in sham operation group and TBI group were given an equal amount of normal saline in same manner.Six rats from each group were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, 48 hours and 5 days after evaluating neurological severity scores (NSS).The brain tissue in injured ipsilateral cortex was harvested.The activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by spectrophotometry.The expressions of mRNA and nucleoprotein of Nrf2 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot.The pathological changes were observed with microscopy after hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.Results ① NSS score:compared with TBI group, NSS in HW group at 12, 24, 48 hours and 5 days were significantly decreased (12 hours: 9.83±2.32 vs.13.17±2.71, 24 hours: 9.83±2.79 vs.13.50±2.43, 48 hours: 7.50±2.07 vs.11.83±2.14, 5 days:5.50 ± 1.87 vs.10.50 ± 2.43, all P ＜ 0.05).② Compared with sham operation group, the activity of GSH-Px and CAT in TBI group were markedly declined after operation, while the MDA content was elevated significantly, especially at 24 hours [CAT (kU/g): 1.080±0.312 vs.3.571 ±0.758, GSH-Px (kU/g): 9.195±3.173 vs.32.385± 10.619, MDA (μmol/g): 12.282±2.896 vs.4.349± 1.511, all P ＜ 0.01].Compared with TBI group, the parameters in HW group were improved, and they were similar as sham operation group.③ RT-qPCR: no significant difference was found in the expression of Nrf2 mRNA at each time point in three groups.④ Western Blot: the expression of Nrf2 nucleoprotein (gray value) in TBI group was apparently higher than that in sham operation group, and peaked at 24 hours (0.703 ± 0.262 vs.0.238 ± 0.120, P ＜ 0.05), and the expression in HW group was obviously higher than that in TBI group, especially at 24 hours (1.110 ± 0.372 vs.0.703 ± 0.262, P ＜ 0.05).⑤ HE staining: the brain structure in sham operation group was found to be intact.However, there were different degrees of pathological changes at each time in TBI group, especially at 24 hours.The pathological damage of brain tissue in HW group was significantly milder.Conclusions Hydrogen rich water can up-regulate the expression of Nrf2, and reduce oxidative damage of traumatic brain injury in rats.Nrf2 can up-regulate the expression of its downstream antioxidant enzymes, which may be the mechanism of the upregulation expression of Nrf2 in the study.

Objective To obtain the specific antigens of the expressed major capsid proteins from Noroviruses with different sub-genotypes in Beijing area. Methods The full-length genes of the major capsid proteins (VP1)were obtained through the amplification of the VP1 encoding gene in the recombinant plasmids pBST-CR2987(G Ⅱ-3)and pBST-CR2932(GⅡ-4),which represented different Norovirus geno-types. The full-length genes were sub-cloned into the expression vector pET-30a(+),resulting in a recombinant plasmid, with which the BL21 competent cells were transformed, and the expression of the gene was induced by adding IPTG to the growth culture. The expression of the major capsid proteins were analyzed with Coomassie blue staining after SDS-PAGE, and assayed by Western blot with serum from human. Results (1)The major capsid protein genes of CR2987 and CR2932 were sub-cloned into expression vector pET-30a(+). The VP1 encoding genes were 1647 bp in length for CR2987 and 1623 bp for CR2932. The open reading frames(ORF)coded for 549 and 541 amino acids for these two proteins, respectively. (2)The expressed VP1s were present primarily as inclusion bodies,and the maximal amount of the expressed proteins occurred at 4-6 h after IPTG induction.(3)These VP1s could be recognized by specific immune serum against VP1 of Norovirus as well as His-tag antibody. Conclusion The VP1s of CR2987 and CR2932 are expressed in BL21 E.coli cells.The expressed VP1s could react with specific immune serum against VP1 of Norovirus, indicating that the expressed VP1s are of antigenicity.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Belamcandin standard substance.METHODS:Different indices of standard Belamcandin were examined with quantitative and quantitative analyses according to the corresponding measures stipulated in the Appendix of pharmacopoeia of people's republic of China(part Ⅱ)published in 2005.RESULTS:The specific rotatory power of 3 batches of standard Belamcandin was —28?～—30?([?]25 D,c0.11,Pyridine);the E1% 1 cmwas 790～830;the melting point was 252～254 ℃ and the ash content was less than 0.5%.The content of Belamcandin in the products was above 99.5% as revealed by HPLC.CONCLUSION:All of the indices were shown to meet the standards for standard substances and the established standard can be used for the quality control of standard Belamcandin.

Objective To explore the efficiency of endoscopic septoplasty with submucous resection for the treatment of 220 patients with deviated nasal septum and report our experience in this field. Methods From May 2006 to May 2010, 220 patients with deviated nasal septum were treated by endoscopic septoplasty with submucous resection to decompress the stress points, resect the deviated parts and implant the reshaped bone of nasal septum, while retaining the normal structure of nasal septum with minimally invasive technique. Results Satisfactory effects were achieved in all the 220 patients, showing centered septal structure and disappeared symptoms such as nasal obstruction, headache and nasal hemorrhage, but no complications including perforation of nasal septum, depressed nasal bridge and septal chalasia and flaring. Conclusion Rhino-endoscopic septoplasty with submucous resection can substantially retain the original structure of nasal septum and thus is proven to be a desirable operation with multiple advantages including minimal invasiveness, quicker healing and fewer complications.

Objective To investigate the effect of hydrogen-rich water on cerebral edema and aquaporin 1 (AQP1) expression in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods Ninety male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,TBI model group,hydrogen-rich water treatment group (H group),with 30 rats in each group.TBI model was reproduced by weight dropping method.The skulls of rats in sham operation group underwent only craniotomy without direct hit and with bone wax sealed suture.5 mL/kg of hydrogen-rich water injection was given intraperitoneally after model reproduction in H group,and equal amount of normal saline was given in sham and TBI groups,once a day for both groups for 5 days.Six rats from each group were sacrificed at 6,12,24,48 hours and 5 days after evaluating neurological severity scores (NSS).The cerebral cortex was harvested,and the pathological changes in morphology of brain tissue were observed with light microscope.The positive expression of AQP1 in cerebral cortex was observed with immunohistochemistry by light microscopy,the AQP1 mRNA expression in cerebral cortex was determined by real-time fluorescent quantization reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and the AQP1 protein expression in cerebral cortex was determined by Western Blot.Results ① All rats in sham operation group had a NSS of zero at each time point.NSS of TBI group was obviously raised with time prolongation,and peaked at 24 hours followed by a lower tendency,while the score in H group was significantly lower than that of TBI group,and the difference was the most obvious at 24 hours as compared with TBI group (9.83 ± 2.78 vs.13.50± 2.42,P ＜ 0.05).② It was shown by light microscope that in the TBI group there were pathological changes in cerebral cortex,including obvious irregular arrangement of nerve cells,cerebral edema,obvious bleeding,especially at 24 hours,then the cerebral edema became vanished gradually;and the positive expression of AQP1 in the pia mater at all the time points in the TBI group was significantly increased,and it was most obvious at 24 hours.Compared with TBI group,the pathological changes at time points of 12 hours to 5 days in H group was significantly lessened,and the positive expression of AQP1 in the cerebral pia mater was reduced obviously.③ Compared with sham operation group,the mRNA and protein expressions of AQP1 in cerebral cortex in TBI group were significantly elevated,peaked at 24 hours [AQP1 mRNA (2-△△Ct):7.50±0.26 vs.1,AQP1 protein (gray value):1.986±0.110 vs.0.336±0.034,both P ＜ 0.05],then they gradually declined.The mRNA and protein expressions of AQP1 in cerebral cortex were significantly decreased after hydrogen-rich water treatment [24-hour AQP1 mRNA (2-△△Ct):5.40±0.21 vs.7.50±0.26,24-hour AQP1 protein (gray value):1.246±0.137 vs.1.986±0.110,both P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions The up-regulation of AQP1 mRNA and protein in ratst cerebral cortex after TBI perhaps participates in edema formation which might be involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral edema in TBI.Early treatment with an intraperitoneally injection of hydrogen-rich water is capable of attenuating the extent of TBI-induced up-regulation of AQP1 mRNA and protein,alleviating cerebral edema,and achieving its protective effects.

BACKGROUND: Experimental proof for the efficacy, safety, and immunological assessment is needed when minocycline is used for root canal disinfection.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of minocycline for root canal disinfection on levels of interleukin-17 in apical exudates of periapical periodontitis and periapical exudate volume.METHODS: Sixteen patients with acute periapical periodontitis (16 teeth) scheduled for root canal therapy were enrolled and randomly divided into calcium hydroxide and minocycline groups, respectively, followed by root canal disinfection.One week after disinfection, periapical index, periapical exudate volume and interleukin-17 level were detected prior to the root canal filling. Another 16 patients with normal pulp vitality (16 teeth) scheduled for single root canal filling were enrolled as control group, in which periapical index, periapical exudate volume and interleukin-17 level were detected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The periapical exudate volume and interleukin-17 level in the calcium hydroxide and minocycline groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The periapical index and interleukin-17 level in the calcium hydroxide and minocycline groups were decreased significantly at 1 week after root canal disinfection (P < 0.05), while there was no difference between these two experimental groups in the periapical index, periapical exudate volume and interleukin-17 level. To conclude, the use of minocycline significantly reduces interleukin-17 level and periapical exudate volume, and thus achieves effective outcomes in periapical disease.

Objective To investigate the expression of SEL1L and p63 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precarcinomacous lesion.Methods Immunohistochemical staining(EnVision method)was employed to detect the expression of SEL1L and p63 protein in 60 samples of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,32 samples of high grade esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia,13 samples of low grade esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia and 33 samples of normal esophageal mucosa.Results The positive rate of SEL1L protein expression was 61.5%in low grade intraepithelia neoplasia,90.6%in high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and 96.7%in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,significantly higher than that in normal esophageal mucosa(6.1%)(P0.05).Conclusion Both the expression of SEL1L and p63 protein increases steadily in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,which indicates that the two genes may play a role and cooperate with each other in the carcinogenesis.