Through analyzing the data of ectopic thyroid glands, to know this kind of congenital lesion deeply. In all the cases, parathyroid gland types were more than aberrant thyroid types; the majority cases were single ectopic thyroid; most of ectopic thyroid were present in the neck and mouth; local mass was the most common symptom; adenoma was often associated with ectopic thyroid and there was a high proportion of combined malignant; most cases could not be correctly diagnosed.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Choristoma ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Gland ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the relation between serum adiponectin and coronary artery calcification score (CACS), and find the risk factors for CACS in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Twenty-nine patients with 3-5 stage CKD were selected. The serum adiponectin was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The heart was scanned by 64-row spiral CT, and the CACS was calculated. The blood calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, albumin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid and high sensitive C reactive protein levels were measured, and the calcium-phosphorus product and estimation glomerular filtration rate were calculated. Results In 29 patients with CKD, 24 cases (83%) had coronary artery calcification with different degree (CACS>0 score), and the average CACS was 508 (0-3 363) scores. There were statistical differences in systolic blood pressure, urea nitrogen and estimation glomerular filtration rate between CKD patients with CACS≥100 scores (15 cases) and CKD patients with CACS<100 scores (14 cases):(146.00± 13.00) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (123.00±9.00) mmHg, (15.44±8.36) mmol/L vs. (9.71±2.52) mmol/L and (21.77 ±11.81) ml/ (min·1.73 m2) vs. (38.71 ±11.56) ml/ (min·1.73 m2), P<0.01 or <0.05. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that CACS had positive correlation with systolic blood pressure, creatinine and uric acid, and negative correlation with albumin and estimation glomerular filtration rate. Mult-stepwise regression analysis results showed that systolic blood pressure and estimation glomerular filtration rate were the independent risk factors of CACS. Conclusions The patients with 3-5 stage CKD have severe coronary artery calcification. The systolic blood pressure and estimation glomerular filtration rate are the independent risk factors of coronary artery calcification.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of body composition monitor (BCM) in evaluating the dry weight of hemodialysis patients.Methods Fifty-four hemodialysis patients who reached the dry weight according to clinical assessment were enrolled.The volume load was measured with BCM,and the pre-dialysis blood pressure,plasma B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and echocardiogram parameters were recorded.Results BCM results showed that,in 54 hemodialysis patients,15 patients presented overhydration and 13 patients underhydration.According to the results of BCM,all of the 15 overhydration patients and some of the 13 underhydration patients adjusted their dry weight.According to the BCM results and the pre-dialysis blood pressure,the patients were divided into 4 groups:group A (without overhydration,the pre-dialysis blood pressure ＜ 150 mmHg,1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),23 cases;group B (without overhydration,pre-dialysis blood pressure ≥ 150 mmHg),16 cases;group C (overhydration,pre-dialysis blood pressure ＜ 150 mmHg),7 cases;and group D (overhydration,pre-dialysis blood pressure ≥ 150 mmHg),8 cases.There were no significant differences in pre-dialysis,plasma BNP and the echocardiographic parameters among the 4 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions BCM is a simple and convenient tool to evaluate the volume status of hemodialysis patients,It can give guidance of dry weight regulation.Compared with the other clinical assessment methods such as pedal edema,the blood pressure and plasma BNP,it is more accurate and practical.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,pathogenic causes and treatment outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in very old patients in order to improving the diagnosis and treatment.Methods 39 AKI patients aged ≥80 years in the department of geriatric medicine of our hospital were enrolled and followed up for 3 months.Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed and the pathogenic causes as well as the treatment outcomes were summarized.Results Among the 39 very old patients,31(79.5％) were male,8(20.5％) were female,and the mean age was (93.5±4.6) years.33 (84.6％)patients had chronic kidney diseases.The pathogenic causes of AKI were mainly as follows:urological infections (71.8％),blood volume deficiency (48.7％),cardiac dysfunction (23.1％) and hypotension (15.4％).2 to 4 pathogenic causes were co present in 64.1％ patients.Renal function was improved and recovered in 69.2 ％ patients and the death rate was 25.6％ after treatment.The main causes of death were septic shock (30.0％),multiple organ failure (20.0％),massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage (20.0％) et al.Conclusions Most of the very old patients may suffer from AKI on the basis of chronic kidney disease.AKI is often induced by multiple pathogenic causes.The main factors leading to AKI are urological infections,followed by blood volume deficiency and cardiac dysfunction.Most patients with AKI can recover after the precipitating factors are removed and supportive treatments are administered in time.Septic shock is the main cause of death.

Objective To detect the level of serum Klotho in chronic kidney disease (CKD) 3-5 stage patients and explore its relationship with the progress of renal function.Methods Twenty-nine patients with CKD 3-5 stage (CKD group) and 10 cases of age-matched non-CKD patients (control group) were enrolled in the study.The level of serum Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The level of serum Klotho in CKD group was significantly lower than that in control group [(670.07 ± 146.22) ng/L vs.(1 125.50 ± 126.96) ng/L] (P ＜ 0.01).The level of serum FGF23 in CKD group was significantly higher than that in control group[(48.89 ± 44.28) ng/L vs.(10.48 ± 8.93) ng/L] (P ＜ 0.01).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the level of Klotho in CKD patients was positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hemoglobin,and Klotho was negatively correlated with log urea nitrogen,log serum creatinine,log FGF23 and phosphate.Multiple regression analysis showed that log FGF23 and serum phosphorus were independent factors for serum Klotho level in patients with CKD.CKD patients were divided into rapid progression of renal function group (10 cases) and renal stability group (19 cases) according to annual rate of eGFR dechne.The patients in rapid progression of renal function group with lower serum Klotho [(580.27 ± 162.15) ng/L vs.(717.33 ± 115.22) ng/L],higher uric acid and more severe proteinuria [(448.00 ±65.21) mmol/L vs.(368.32 ±78.80) mmol/L,(1.99 ± 1.57) g/d vs.(0.60 ± 1.00) g/d] (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Serum Klotho level of CKD 3-5 stage patients decreases with the decline in renal function.Serum phosphate and FGF23 are the independent factors for serum Klotho.Serum Klotho may become the prediction index of renal function progress for patients with CKD.

Objective To investigate the association of serum leptin(LEP),adiponectin(ADPN)and leptin-to-adiponectin(L/A)ratio with cardio ankle vascular index(CAVI)in the patients maintaining hemodialysis(MHD).Methods Sixty MHD patients and thirty healthy volunteers were involved in the study.The levels of LEP and ADPN were determined by ELISA.Atherosclerosis was evaluated by the cardio ankle vascular index which was measured by using a VaSera VS-1000 machine.Results The levels of serum LEP and ADPN in hemodialysis patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls([7.99 ± 1.21]μg/L vs.[4.18 ± 1.10]pg/L)and([15.12 ± 4.68]mg/L vs.[8.58 ± 2.23]mg/L),respectively,P ＜ 0.01].With the progression of atherosclerosis,the levels of serum LEP increased significantly,while the levels of serum ADPN decreased significantly.The L/A ratio was dramatically increased in patients with atherosclerosis.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that independent risk factors associated with CAVI include age,diabetes,levels of LEP and L/A ratio.Conclusion The increased serum LEP level and decreased serum ADPN level may be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis in MHD patients.The L/A ratio may be a powerful independentpredictor for CAVI in MHD patients.

AIM:To evaluate treatment value of Xihuang Pill combined gemcitabine for advanced pancreatic cancer patients.METHODS:Thirty-two patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were randomly divided into A group and B group,treated with gemcitabine chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine Xihuang Pill+chemotherapy treatment,respectively.The changes of the solid tumor,serum CA19-9,physical status,clinical symptoms and toxicity were observed.RESULTS:B group(Xihuang Pill combined with gemcitabine)clinical return ratio(CR+PR+NC)was better than A group(gemcitabine).There was significant difference between two groups in the reduction of serum CA19-9 level,Karnofsky score increased,the rate of symptom improvement,Leukopenia reduction(P

Objective To investigate the effect of Janus kinase2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (JAK2/STAT1) signaling pathway on acute kidney injury induced by liver cold ischemia reperfusion (IR) in rats.Methods Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,were assigned randomly to 3 groups (n =10/group):sham operation group (Sham group);liver cold ischemia reperfusion model group (I/R group);JAK2 kinase inhibitor AG490 group (AG490 group) (AG490 at dose of 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before establishment of the model).Other groups were given the equal volume of normal saline at the same time points.Then the rats were sacrificed at 6 h after reperfusion (at 6 h after the end of operation in Sham group).The renal function and oxidative stress level were observed.The pathological changes of the renal tissues and nephritic cell apoptosis were analyzed,and the expression of p-JAK2,pSTAT1,Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western blotting.Results As compared with Sham operation group,renal histological lesion and renal dysfunction were aggravated,level of oxidative stress and apoptosis rate were increased in I/R group,the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was decreased and the expression of pJAK2 and p-STAT1 was up-regulated.As compared with I/R group,AG490 dramatically attenuated histological lesions and oxidative stress,restored the renal function,and reduced the number of apoptotic tubular epithelial cells.AG490 significantly increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio,and inhibited the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT1.Conclusion Blockage of JAK2/STAT1 signaling pathway can alleviate acute kidney injury after liver cold ischemia reperfusion probable through inhibiting the oxidative stress and apoptosis.

AIM:To evaluate treatment value of Xihuang Pill combined gemeitabine for advanced pancreatic cancer patients.METHODS:Thirty-two patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were randomly divided into A group and B group,treated with gemcitabine chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine Xihuang Pill+chemotherapy treatment,respectively.The changes of the solid tumor,serum CA19-9,physical status,clinical symptoms and toxicity were observed.RESULTS:B group(Xihuang Pill combined with gemcitabine)clinical return ratio (CR+PR+NC)was better than A group(gemcitabine).There was significant difference between two groups in the reduction of serum CA19-9 level,Karuofsky score increased,the rate of symptom improvement,Leukopenia reduction(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Integrating Xihuang Pill and gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer:delaying of tumor growth,reducing of CA19-9 level,improving of the clinical symptoms and life quality of patients,reducing of neutropenia in patients(chemotherapy-induced toxicity),shows good clinical benefit response.

This study aims to observe different factors which affected the bionic enzymatic hydrolysis of icariin into baohuoside I and to optimize the reaction conditions in order to provide research foundation for building a novel bionic enzymolysis drug delivery system. To simulate the environment in vivo, 37 degrees C was set as the temperature and artificial intestinal juice and gastric juice were selected as the buffer solutions. Taking the conversion of baohuoside I as index, the effects of the kinds of enzyme, enzyme activity, substrate concentration, reaction time, pancreatin in artificial intestinal juice and surfactant on the conversion of baohuoside I were investigated. The results showed that cellulase, beta-glucosidase and snailase were all inactive in artificial gastric juice and no baohuoside I generated. Pancreatin in artificial intestinal juice couldn't significantly influence the activity of beta-glucosidase or snailase (P > 0.05), but noticeably decrease the activity of cellulase (P < 0.05). In artificial intestinal juice, the conversion of baohuoside I was highest by using beta-glucosidase, and the optimum reaction conditions were determined as follows: enzyme activity 10 U x mL(-1), substrate concentration 1 mg x mL(-1), 3 g x L(-1) rhamnolipid and reaction time 3 h. Under this condition, the conversion of baohuoside I was 99.8%.